• School Mathematics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.259-271
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• 2010

This study involves investigating problem posing practices for mathematically gifted first year middle school students in Korea. The overall purpose of this study is twofold: to examine the students' preferences on problem posing resources on the division algorithm and to analyze the approaches of the students' posing problems related to specific solution methods. To this end, the patterns of the problems are classified into 6 types such as 'routine' and 'nonroutine' problems associated with 3 levels of the original version of problems. Based on the analysis on the problems, we provide some implications about the nature of mathematically gifted students' problem posing practices in gifted education.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2008

In this paper, Runge-Kutta (RK)-Butcher algorithm is proposed to study the periodic and oscillatory problems. Simulation results obtained using RK-Butcher algorithms and the classical fourth order Runge-Kutta (RK(4)) methods are compared with the exact solutions of a few periodic and oscillatory problems to confirm the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results from RK-Butcher algorithms are always found to be very close to the exact solutions of these problems. Further, it is found that the RK-Butcher algorithm is superior when compared to RK(4) methods in terms of accuracy. The RK-Butcher algorithm can be easily implemented in a programming language and a more accurate solution may be obtained for any length of time. RK-Butcher algorithm is applicable as a good numerical algorithm for studying the problems of orbit and two body as it gives the nearly identical solutions.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.111-122
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• 1995

전통적으로 스케줄링 문제를 해결하기 위해 LP(Linear Programming) 기법이 주로 적용되어 왔으나, 스케줄링 문제의 많은 자원과 지식, 제약조건의 복잡한 상관 관계를 LPrl법으로 표현하고 처리하기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 최근에는 AI 기법을 스케줄링 문제에 많이 적용하고 있고, AI 기법은 지식 표현 및 휴리스틱을 다루기에 효과적이므로 문제를 모델링하고 해결하는데 용이하다 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 AI 기법을 기반으로 하여 스케줄링에 적합한 휴리스틱 및, 탐색기법, 지식표현 방법등을 연구하고, 이를 바탕으로 코스 스케줄링 시스템을 구현하였다. 먼저 시스템은 전체적으로 메타프로그래밍을 통하여 초기 스케줄링(initial scheduling)과 동적스케줄링 (reactive scheduling)을 수행하도록 하였다. 메타프로그램이 초기 스케줄링을 수행할때에는 휴리스틱과 자체적인 도메인 여과기법을 적용하여 탐색 공간의 불일치 요소(inconsistency)를 제거시킴으로써 백트랙킹의 발생을 최소화시켰다. 또한 초기 스케줄링의 결과를 가지고 메타프로그래밍이 동적 재스케줄링을 수행할때에는 제약조건을 통한 휴리스틱을 이용하여 초기해에 대한 조정을 최소화할 수 있는 메카니즘을 제시하였다. 이에 대한 적용 결과는 실험을 통하여 기존의 논리 언어가 제공하는 탐색 알고리즘과 비교하고 분석하였다.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.46-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to identify characteristics which are related with design problem solving. For this, an effective problem solver and an ineffective problem solver have been compared and analyzed in terms of the process of design problem solving with a population of students who are enrolled in College of Engineering. This study can be concluded as follows. First, the process of design problem solving was performed in non-linear form and it was varied depending on individuals. Second, the results of problem solving could be varied according to the qualitative level of performance in each stage rather than according to the differences of consumption time by each stage. Third, the main activities in process of design problem solving were identifying a design brief, identifying requirements, exploring a problem solution, and idea modeling. Fourth, the making activities took place most frequently and the longest time in the entire process, meanwhile exploring a problem solution was related to the results of design problem solving.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.988-995
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• 2000

각 모듈들의 위치가 배치 알고리즘에 의해 결정된 후에도 모듈들을 종축 또는 횡축을 중심으로 뒤집거나 회전시킴으로써 회로의 효율성과 연결성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 고집적 회로설계의 한 단계인 모듈방향 결정 문제는 모듈간에 연결된 선의 길이의 합이 최소가 되도록 각 모듈의 방향을 결정하는 문제이다. 최근에 평균장 어닐링 방법이 조합적 최적화 문제에 사용되어 좋은 결과를 보여 주고 있다. 평균장 어닐링은 신경회로망의 따른 수렴 특성과 시뮬레이티드 어닐링의 우수한 해를 생성하는 특성이 결합된 방법이다. 본 논문에서는 정규화된 평균장 어닐링을 사용해서 모듈 방향 결정 문제를 해결하였고 실험을 통해 기존의 Hopfield 네트워크 방법과 시뮬레이티드 어닐링과 그 결과를 비교하였다. 시뮬레이티드 어닐링, 정규화된 평균장 어닐링과 Hopfield 네트워크의 총 길이 감소율은 각각 19.86%, 19.85%, 19.03%였으며, 정규화된 평균장 어닐링의 실행 시간은 Hopfield 네트워크보다는 1.1배, 시뮬레이티드 어닐링보다는 11.4배 정도 빨랐다.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.1-25
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• 1999

본 연구에서는 우리나라 266개 상장기업을 대상으로 기업다각화의 동기를 밝히고, 대리권문제와 기업다각화가 기업가치에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기업다각화수준의 결정에 있어 대리권문제의 영향을 분석한 실증결과에 의하면, 첫째, 내부 지분율이 낮을수록 다각화가 많이 이루어지고, 내부지분율이 높을수록 다각화수준이 낮아지는 것으로 나타나, 우리나라 기업의 다각화 동기를 대리권문제 관점에서 찾을 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 외부대주주지분율과 다각화수준간에는 유의적인 관계를 발견하지 못하여, 외부대주주들이 경영자를 감시 통제함으로써 대리권문제를 축소시키고, 기업의 다각화를 억제할 것이라는 가설은 기각되는 것으로 나타났다. 다각화가 기업가치에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석결과에서는, 첫째, 다각화가 기업가치의 감소를 유발시켜 다각화수준이 높을수록 기업가치가 낮을 것이라는 가설은 기각되는 것으로 나타났다. 오히려 우리나라 기업에 없어 다각화는 기업가치에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 관련다각화 기업과 비관련다각화 기업의 가치를 비교해본 결과 비관련다각화 기업의 가치가 관련다각화 기업의 가치보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• School Mathematics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.155-173
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• 2011

Problem representation is a key aspect in solving word problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of instructional program based on visual schema representing five types of word problems(Marshall, 1995). Two second grade classes of an elementary school located in Seoul were participated in this study. In experimental class, an instructional program including schema tools were suggested and administered and the other comparison group did have regular classes using diagrams and tables. Pre and post test including 15 word problems each were utilized to test students' problem solving ability. In addition, test scores on students' language ability were used to control the effects of word comprehension level on problem solving. The result revealed that experimental group showed higher problem representation and solving scores after controling the effects of pre-test. In addition, there was significant positive correlation between the ability to apply exact problem schema and problem solving results. The correlation was .58. This study showed even in the early developmental stage young students can get benefits from having instructions of word problem schema.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.195-213
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect by developing and applying a new program for improvement of creative problem solving ability and collaborative ability. Development of a sewing practice program was performed through the ADDIE model. The subjects of the study were 1^st grade middle school students and the research plan of the study was pretest-posttest control group design. The study method was performed by mixing the quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. Results of this study are as follows. First, the students in the experimental group showed higher creative problem solving ability than the students in the control group, but the difference was not significant at the 5% significance level. Qualitative analysis results indicated that creative problem solving ability is closely related to learning experiences involving the 'generation of diverse ideas', 'rebirth of creative ideas', 'self-directed learning plan', 'active problem solving', 'immediate feedback'. Second, the students in the experimental group showed a significantly higher level of collaborative ability than the students in the control group. This demonstrated that the program developed in this study had an effect on fostering the collaborative ability of middle school students. It was found that collaborative ability is closely related to learning experiences involving 'forming a positive atmosphere', 'continuous interaction', and 'working together'.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.18 no.3 s.20
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• pp.23-28
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• 2004

이 논문은 네덜란드의 4학년 학생들에게 시행된 문제 해결 시험에서 얻은 첫 번째 결과이다. 참여한 학생들은 수학에서 높은 성취도를 얻은 학생들이었다. 학생들의 응답을 분석한 결과 성취도가 높은 학생들에게 관심을 가져야 하는 이유를 알게 되었다. 교사는 우수한 학생에 대해서는 걱정할 필요가 없다는 일반적인 믿음을 수정해야 한다는 것이 분명해졌다. 수학에서 높은 성취도를 보인 학생들이 비전형적인 문제에 직면할 때 그들의 능력은 기대했던 것보다 저조하게 나타났다. 이 연구에서 학생들은 특정 문제를 풀 때 여분의 노트에 거의 아무것도 적지 않음을 발견하였다. 또한 학생들이 답을 찾는 과정을 참고 견디지 않는다는 것도 알 수 있었다. 이 논문에서는 시험 문제 중 한 문제의 결과를 논의하면서 이러한 결과를 보여줄 것이다.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.41-67
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• 2018

The purpose of this case study was to examine how a supportive songwriting program could facilitate resilience for adolescents with school maladjustment. Participants included four middle school students with adaptive difficulties. The participants received eight 50-minute sessions of a supportive songwriting program. The program consisted of singing and discussing selected songs, followed by the participants creating their own lyrics about their current adaptation issues. The Resilience Scale for Adolescents was completed by each participant before and after the intervention, and the participants' lyrics were analyzed for how the factors of resilience were reflected in their lyrics. The results showed that all participants' scores on the resilience scale increased. It was also found that the factor on the resilience scale that increased the most for each participant was related to the issues expressed in their lyrics. The results suggest that the process of writing songs can be effective in eliciting adolescents' school related issues and accessing their positive resources, which can lead to behavioral and psychological improvements.