• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.322-333
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the types and characteristics of the integrative thinking that learners with diverse learning backgrounds use in solving earth science problems. Four students in middle school were surveyed using questionnaires to know students' science learning background and test items with integrated content. A total of 200 items, 40 integrated items and 160 general items, were administered ten times. The students did not show a consistent relationship in terms of correct answer percentage in general items and that of in integrated items. In order to understand the type of integrative thinking of each student, after students solve an item, we analyzed the percentage of correct answers by types and interviewed them and analyzed the contents to identify the characteristics of the thinking used in solving each item. As a result, the types of integrative thinking used in problem solving were classified into three types, knowledge-based, real life-based, and integrated inquiry-based types. It is necessary to study various ways to improve the integrative thinking ability considering the characteristics of students in science teaching and learning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.108-119
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to verify differences between the college students communication pattern and problem-solving ability according to the degree of their internet game addiction. Data were obtained through 295 respondents from the college students in Seoul, Kyungsang and Junra Provinces and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The findings are as follow: First, respondents has some significant differences in communication pattern according to the degrees of the internet game addiction. Second, the high level of addiction group shows the less functional communication pattern such as placating, blaming, irrelevant stance. Third, faced with the problem, the high level of addiction group has a tendency to use more negative problem-oriented, impulsive and careless-style, avoidance-style than rational problem solving style.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1046-1057
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to establish basic materials for providing a learning type specific simulation education through identifying the differences in self-efficacy, problem solving ability and clinical competence before and after a learning type specific simulation education, with 145 3rd-year nursing students at a university as the study subjects. This study is a single-group, before-and-after designed experiment for verifying the learning type specific effects after simulation education. As a result of the experiment on the learning types of nursing students, the adaptors were seen to be the most, and the after-simulation education problem solving ability (F=5.015, p = 0.02) and the after-education clinical competence (F=3.288, p = 0.02) showed statistically significant differences. From which, based on the fact that the convergers were seen to be significantly higher than the adaptors and the divergers were higher than the adaptors in regard to problem solving ability, and the fact that the convergers were seen to be significantly higher than the adaptors in regard to clinical competence, it was possible to ascertain that there are differences in the effects of learning type specific simulation education. However, self-efficacy did not show any statistically significant differences. Based on these results, it can be expected that a simulation education by learning types can be provided.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.908-915
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the types of fraudulent crimes among various crimes taking place during NFT transactions, and to approach institutional problems caused by crime types analysis and crackdown methods and legal limitations. Method: IIn order to classify the types of fraudulent crimes that appear in NFT transactions, the crime types were analyzed through the results of previous studies and cases of current incidents. Result: Most of the crimes that are taking place through NFTs are various types of fraudulent crimes such as rug pools, thefts, personal information theft fraud, and pig murder. Therefore, these types were classified and various damage cases were also analyzed. It is a matter of copyright. Conclusion: Currently, the financial problems caused by the occurrence of fraudulent crimes in NFTs worldwide are the most worrisome, and the scale will be even greater as the market grows in the future. Therefore, in Korea, various institutional supplements and policies should be prepared through analysis of crime types that can affect crime prevention and investigation and arrest activities.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.421-433
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• 2023

This study examined the reasoning of gifted elementary science students in a socioscientific issues (SSI) classroom discussion on COVID-19-related trash disposal challenges. This study aimed to understand the characteristics of evidence use and decision-making difficulties in each type of SSI-related reasoning. To this end, the transcripts of 17 gifted students of elementary science discussing SSIs in a classroom were analyzed within the framework of informal reasoning. The analysis framework was categorized into three types according to the primary influence involved in reasoning: rational, emotional, and intuitive. The analysis showed that students exhibited four categories of evidence use in SSI reasoning. First, in the rational reasoning category, students deemed and recorded scientific knowledge, numbers, and statistics as objective evidence. However, students who experienced difficulty in investigating such scientific data were less likely to have factored them in subsequent decisions. Second, in the emotional reasoning category, students' solutions varied considerably depending on the perspective they empathized with and reasoned from. Differences in their views led to conflicting perspectives on SSIs and consequent disagreement. Third, in the intuitive reasoning category, students disagreed with the opinions of their peers but did not explain their positions precisely. Intuitive reasoning also created challenges as students avoided problem-solving in the discussion and did not critically examine their opinions. Fourth, a mixed category of reasoning emerged: intuition combined with rationality or emotion. When combined with emotion, intuitive reasoning was characterized by deep empathy arising from personal experience, and when combined with rationality, the result was only an impulsive reaction. These findings indicate that research on student understanding and faculty knowledge of SSIs discussed in classrooms should consider the difficulties in informal reasoning and decision-making.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-161
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• 2006

In this study, we classified word problems related to real life presented in elementary mathematics textbooks into five types of context problems(location, story, project, scrap, theme) suggested by Freudenthal(1991), and applied context problems to mathematics class to analyze the influence on students' mathematical belief and attitude. Also, we examined the types of context problems preferred according to academic performance and the reasons of preference within a group experiencing context problems. The results of the study are as follows. First, almost lessons in the mathematics textbook presents word problems related to real life, but the presenting method is inclined to a story type. Also, the problems with a story type are presented fragmentarily. Therefore, although these word problems are familiar to the students, they don't include contextual meanings and cannot induce enough mathematical motives and interests. Second, a lesson using context problems give a positive influence on their mathematics belief and attitude. It is also expected to give a positive influence on students' mathematics learning in the long run. Third, the preferred types of context problems and the reasons of preference are different according to the level of academic performance within the experimental group.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

This study aimed at promoting interests and concerns about adolescents' behavior problems and inducing efforts for various preventive and therapeutic solutions by examining the relations of adolescents' family system types, school adjustment, and behavior problems. The subjects of this study were 1,444 middle school students who reside in Seoul and 1,382(male adolescents 747, female adolescents 635) self reported questionnaires were used for final analysis. The result of this study are as follows. First, female adolescents were experiencing more internalizing behavior problems than male adolescents. The gender difference must be considered in the prevention and solution of the behavior problems. Second, the level of adolescents' school adjustment in the maladjusted family type was the lowest, and the level of adolescents' school adjustment in the adjusted family type was the highest. Improving the level of the family functioning can effectively increase the level of the school life the most behavior problems, and those of the adjusted family type were adaptability. Third, adolescents of the maladjusted family type were experiencing the most behavior problems, and those of the adjusted family type were experiencing the least behavior problems. Fourth, if adolescents' school adjustment was in the high level, adolescents were experiencing the lower behavior problems. Therefore, developing educational and counseling programs that can constantly observe adolescents' school adjustment and improve maladjustment problems is adolescents' school adjustment and behavior problems in all family system types. Specially, the negative correlation between male adolescents' school adjustment and externalizing behavior problems and the negative correlation between female adolescents' school adjustment and internalizing behavior problems were higher in the maladjusted family type and middle-adjusted family than in the adjusted family.

• School Mathematics
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.153-170
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• 2017

This study conducted an analysis of types of reasoning shown in students' solving a problem and processes of students' reasoning according to type of problem by posing an open-ended problem where students' reasoning activity is expected to be vigorous and a multiple-choice problem with which students are familiar. And it examined teacher's role of promoting the reasoning in solving an open-ended problem. Students showed more various types of reasoning in solving an open-ended problem compared with multiple-choice problem, and showed a process of extending the reasoning as chains of reasoning are performed. Abduction, a type of students' probable reasoning, was active in the open-ended problem, accordingly teacher played a role of encouragement, prompt and guidance. Teachers posed a problem after varying it from previous problem type to open-ended problem in teaching and evaluation, and played a role of helping students' reasoning become more vigorous by proper questioning when students had difficulty reasoning.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-43
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• 2010

This study is to investigate how much highschool students, who have learned functional concepts included in the Middle school math curriculum, understand chapters of the function, to analyze the types of errors which they made in solving the mathematical problems and to look for the proper instructional program to prevent or minimize those ones. On the basis of the result of the above examination, it suggests a classification model for teaching-learning methods and teaching material development The result of this study is as follows. First, Students didn't fully understand the fundamental concept of function and they had tendency to approach the mathematical problems relying on their memory. Second, students got accustomed to conventional math problems too much, so they couldn't distinguish new types of mathematical problems from them sometimes and did faulty reasoning in the problem solving process. Finally, it was very common for students to make errors on calculation and to make technical errors in recognizing mathematical symbols in the problem solving process. When students fully understood the mathematical concepts including a definition of function and learned procedural knowledge of them by themselves, they did not repeat the same errors. Also, explaining the functional concept with a graph related to the function did facilitate their understanding,

• 정보화사회
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• s.118
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• pp.15-17
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• 1997

2000년 문제의 특징은 문제의 정체는 확실히 모두 알고 있고, 기술적으로도 또한 어려운 것이 아니다. 시간이 한정되어 있고, 스케쥴의 지연이나 연기가 허용되지 않고, 2000년이 되기 이전에도 문제가 발생할 소지가 있다. 이는 정보시스템만의 문제가 아니고 전 어플리케이션 자산에 대해 대응할 필요가 있다. 현재 문제없이 가동되고 있는 어플리케이션도 확인이 필요하고, 확인 테스트가 꼭 필요하다.