• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.17 no.10
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2019

Recently, the Korean economy is congested with Japan's economic retaliation, the US-China trade war, the Bank of Korea's 0.25% base rate cut and Korea's economic growth forecast revision. The purpose of this study is to analyze the KOSPI, CPI, Treasury bonds(3 years) Interest rate & sales performance of all industries, and examine the impact of each index on the KOSPI. The analysis period is from January 2003 to June 2019, and the effect of each index on the KOSPI is analyzed. In numerical analysis, we performed correlation coefficients and regression analysis. In the model analysis, the distribution, quadrant, scatter, box-plot and impulse response were examined. This study examined the volatility and dynamic characteristics of each index. As a result, the KOSPI showed a high correlation with sales and Treasury bonds, but showed a very low correlation with the CPI. The KOSPI will continue to be affected by sales and interest rates.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.165-173
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to provide directions to help enter and expand long-distance routes by analyzing the characteristics of AirAsia X's network construction with Malaysia Airlines. To this end, long-distance route data was extracted from the OAG Schedule Analyzer and the network was analyzed on a two-period basis using SNA. Since AirAsia X's entry into long-range routes, Malaysia Airlines has steadily reduced its routes across the entire region. On the other hand, it is analyzed that AirAsia X is building an expanded network by increasing its network in Northeast Asia instead of ultra-long range routes. Studies have shown that LCCs also have potential growth in the long-distance route market of less than 7,000 km. The results of this study may help LCC establish a long-distance market entry and network deployment strategy.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.155-171
• /
• 2021

Recently, the e-business market has become a place of convergence where consumers and suppliers communicate with each other, and a new method of trading of funds has emerged in the process. Crowd-funding is one of the types of money transactions that have emerged in the online space, and its interest and trading volume have been growing rapidly recently. The platform in the online space using crowd-funding method operates in the form of online telecommunication sales, and it is in the form of producing and delivering products based on funds obtained from potential consumers by the operators involved in securing funds. However, if the participating business operators do not deliver the product or deliver the product other than the promoted product and avoid responsibility, the potential demander will not be compensated without mediation by the platform operating entity. In this study, despite the rapid growth in the market size of crowd-funding, consumers who participated in the funding are protected and able to resolve disputes in the event of a conflict amid growing complaints from potential consumers and side effects. The structure or method of crowd-funding is a new form of trading that has different features from conventional e-commerce. Therefore, the legal basis is not yet in place and the standards need to be laid out through various and sufficient discussions politically, legally, socially and culturally and economically. As the potential market and positive effects of crowd-funding around the world have been recognized, a role is required as an ecosystem for new financial transactions. And the potential market could be realized as a new industry if the right legal system and policy consultation were made.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.55-76
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we estimate a model that incorporates key features of business cycles, co-movement among economic variables and switching between regimes of expansion and recession, to aggregate quarterly data for the NAFTA region. Two common factors reflecting the permanent and transitory components of the business cycle in the region, along with the turning points from one regime to the other, were extracted from the data by using the Kalman filter and maximum likelihood estimation approach of Kim (1994). Estimation results confirm that a typical aspect of business cycles are also observed (i.e., recessions are steeper and shorter than recoveries) in the region, and that both co-movement and that regime switching are found to be important features of the business cycle. The two common factors produce sensible representations of the trend and cycle, and the estimated turning points are in line with independently determined chronologies. It also turns out that the degree of synchronization between the NAFTA region and Korea, has significantly increased since the entry into force of the NAFTA.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.29-49
• /
• 2009

We examine the effects of information transparency, lender identity, and credit rating on the commitment fees of syndicated loans originated in Japan, employing a sample of 331 facilities. A syndicated loan is a financing instrument offered to a single borrower by multiple lenders, and Japanese syndicated loan volume increased 36% to a record-high of $283 billion in 2008 compared to 2007. We find that the more informational opaque the borrower, the higher the commitment fees the lender charges to the Japanese borrowers. There is evidence that a syndicate involving a Japanese lead agent is able to extract rents through higher commitment fees. We document that there is a significant relation between the credit rating of the borrower and the commitment fee cost of syndicated loans originated in Japan. Most importantly, our results provide evidence that banks in Japan extract higher returns on syndicated loans through the commitment fees in addition to higher loan spreads. Using a micro-level of Japanese borrowers, we contribute to existing literature by providing our empirical evidence after controlling for borrowing spread.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.409-428
• /
• 2011

The aim of this study is to empirically examine the influence of resource, differentiation advantage, organicity of organization on export performance. Beside this study examines the moderated effect of organicity of organization. To achieve the aim, the research framework has been developed with resources factors divided into two categories as financial and human resource factors, differentiation advantage, organicity of organization and export performance. Eight hypotheses have been tested on 377 export firm using PLS(Partial Least Square). Research findings suggest that both of resource factors influence positively on differentiation advantage. Also, differentiation advantage and organicity of organization have positive effects on export performance. About the moderated effect, the organicity of organization has a moderated effect to financial resource on the differentiation advantage and the differentiation advantage on export performance. But organicity of oaganization do not has a moderated impact to differentiation advantage on export performance.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.109-122
• /
• 2018

This study investigates factors to disturb the e-Learning persistence of adult learners based on a case study of Cyber University students located in Seoul Korea. Main findings of our research show that economic burden, shortage of studying hours, digital literacy problem, perceived isolation, inefficient interaction between lecturer and student, and support of family are primary factors to influence the persistence of online education in a Cyber university. From our case study, we recommend to improve the scholarship system, and supplement the offline special lectures at weekends in order to alleviate perceived isolation. A novelty of this paper is that economic burden is highlighted to influence the persistence of adult learners.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.159-180
• /
• 2012

The objectives of this study are to identify significant antecedents of trust and satisfaction and to examine the relationship between trust and satisfaction and interrelationship between trust, satisfaction, loyalty, relationship retention and intention of words of mouth based on buyers of Chinese internet shopping mall. The questionnaire was collected by personal interview. A total of 448 completed questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the validity of the measurement model, and the structural model also was analyzed to examine the associations hypothesized in the research model. This study uses AMOS program to investigate the research model. Results in this paper indicate that the antecedents of trust and satisfaction have three dimensions, namely communicational, traditional and relational factors. All these three functions are positively related to trust and satisfaction. Also the results show that trust and satisfaction are positively related to loyalty, relationship retention and intention of words of mouth. Finally, this study suggests the implications of these findings and offers directions for future research.

• International Area Studies Review
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.181-207
• /
• 2012

This study explores and examines the impacts of the cultural characters on the brand attitude of Chinese regional consumers. This study used the 1,500 sample sized data collected from three major cities: Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. We investigate that power distance, individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and long-orientation are statistically different across cities. The empirical studies show that individualism/collectivism and uncertainty avoidance have significant impacts on the brand attitude of Chinese regional consumers. We tested that the relationship between the brand power and the brand attitude is moderated by individualism/collectivism, the results indicate that the effect of the brand power on the brand attitude is moderated by uncertainty avoidance. These results imply that Chinese consumers' culture character of individualism/collectivism and uncertainty avoidance moderate their brand attitude. Based on this results, We suggested some implications for further market segmentation strategy, brand marketing strategy, and Chinese regional consumer culture research.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.39-56
• /
• 2019

This study addresses the management performance of the retail industry in Korea. The Non-store e-commerce business, consisting of TV home shopping and online shopping, grew very fast during the 2000s. For roughly six years in the 2010s, the diversification of online shopping business models, intensifying competition, and the proliferation of competition accelerated the entry of offline shopping retailers. During the analysis period from 2001 to 2016, the performance of the Non-­store e-commerce business was statistically better than that of the offline shopping retail business, department stores, general retailers, and small­-sized retailers. As expected, a significant difference between performance and some of the indicators of growth and activity could be seen because of the capital and operating structure of the retail industry. In particular, the Non-store e-commerce businesses have diverse sales media and heterogeneous business models. In this study, we have presented the significance of the differences in the indicators of operating profit and inventory turnover, as well as the discussion required for managing in the future.