• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.118-132
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to compare communication and mother-child interactions of reactive attachment disordered children with normal children. The subjects were 24 children and their mothers participated in this study'12 reactive attachment disordered children and mothers, 12 normal children and mothers. The mother and her child were brought into a p]lay room and the mother was instructed to play with her child as she normally would at home. The play situations were videotaped. Tapes were transcribed and transcribed data was analyzed with 13 mutually exclusive categories encompassing pragmatic functions represented in communication form the early stage of multiword speech in childhood. The tapes were analyzed with 10 behavioral mother-child interaction patterns. As the statistical method, t-test and correlation was calculated. The results of this study were as follows : 1) Reactive attachment disordered children used significantly fewer 'filler', 'information', 'requests', 'describes' and 'disscus self'. 2) Reactive attachment disordered children's mother used significantly fewer 'filler' and 'names'. 3) Reactive attachment disordered children used significantly more 'independent play', fewer 'intiates interaction', 'responsiveness' and 'answer' Reactive attachment disordered children's mother used more 'control play', 'observe' and fewer 'initiates interaction'. 4) Children's communication patterns were related lo mother·'s communication and mother-child interaction types. Children's 'filler', 'information requests', 'describes' and 'disscus self' were consistantly related to mother's 'filler' and 'names', (Children's 'filler', 'information requests', 'describes'. 'disscus self' and mother-child's intiates interaction 'responsivness' were significantly positively correlationed and 'independant play', 'control play', 'observation' were significantly negatively correlationed. The results of reveal that communication and mother-child interaction pattern of reactive attachment disordered group was different from normal group and children's communication pattern were influenced by mother's communication and interaction patterns.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1996

This paper was to investigate the relationships between the types of incest and family dynamics. 9 incest cases were collected from the Department of Social Work, Seoul National University Children's Hospital and an adoption agencies. The study cases were categorized into three types of incest, father-daughter incest, mother-son incest, sibling incest. The father-daughter incest families revealed various dysfunctional family dynamics such as sociopathic father, psychologically and physically absent mother, pseudomature child, and lack of communications among family members. In mother-son incest families, the fathers were absent and the mothers abused their sons as an outlet for their sexual desire, which was most pathological, among three types of incest. Sibling incests were characterized by the absence of parental supervisions and appropriate emotional care, and younger sibling becoming a sexual outlet of older sibling. It is evident that the incest does not occur simply because of pathology of one family member but because of family dystunction. Therefore the incest was a kind of 'family disease', and the focus of treatment should be on the whole family.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.757-768
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• 2016

This study developed an SSI (Socio-Scientific Issue) discussion program that applies a creative technique called six thinking hats, and then investigated the differences in argumentation patterns and effects on the decision-making abilities of each character feature of students between SNS debate and existing face to face debate. There were three SSI themes - Designer Babies, embryonic stem cell study, and legitimacy of abortion. Students were divided into two groups, the debate group using SNS and face to face debate group. The character patterns of students were divided to 'extraversion,' 'agreeableness,' and 'conscientiousness' through test sheets for character features for each student. Both groups were educated for creative discussion methods using six thinking hats and then, the class progressed. As a result of analyzing argumentation patterns used in SNS debate and face to face debate, the most used argumentation pattern was the "cause pattern." But comparing to face to face debate, other patterns (mark, inference, authority, motive) were also used in SNS debate. The study analyzed three factors of decision-making ability for each character feature of students such as complexity, perspectives, and inquiry. As a result, for 'complexity' factor, there was a significant difference between SNS debate group and face to face debate group only in the student group of Agreeableness. For 'perspectives' factor, there were significant differences between SNS debate group and face to face debate group in all three characters. Finally, for inquiry, there were no significant differences between SNS debate group and face to face debate group in all three characters. Accordingly it would be necessary to apply SNS debate using the six thinking hats in SSI education to enhance perspectives.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11b
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• pp.1107-1110
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 현재 컨텐츠에 대한 저작권보호 기술로 활발히 연구되고 있는 워터마킹 기술과 핑거프린팅 기술에 대해 알아보고 핑거프린팅 기술의 구현시 문제시 되고 있는 공모공격의 유형을 분석한다. 워터마킹 기술은 소유권주장이 목표인 반면 핑거프린팅 기술은 사용자인증을 목표로 하는 것이 다르다. 즉, 판매되는 컨텐츠에 구매자(사용자)의 정보를 워터마크로 삽입한 후 배포하고 후에 불법복제가 의심되는 컨텐츠에 대해 적법구매자의 워터마크를 추출하여 불법재분배를 증명한다. 이는 불법복제가 어느 구매자로부터 이루어졌는지의 추적이 가능하게 한다. 하지만 핑거프린팅 기술은 워터마킹 기술과는 다르게 구매자 정보를 워터마크로 사용하기 때문에 마크가 삽입된 컨텐츠마다 서로 다르다는 특징을 갖는다. 의도적인 공격자는 이 특성을 이용하여 여러개의 핑거프린팅된 컨텐츠를 공모(collusion)하여 워터마크를 제거하기 위한 다양한 공격(attack)을 가할 수 있다. 평균화(averaging)공격과 모자익(mosaiking)공격이 공모공격의 대표적인 방법으로, 본 논문에서는 이러한 공격유형을 분석하고 공모공격에 강인한 핑거프린팅 삽입/추출방법을 고찰한다.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.277-292
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between infant's attachment and maternal parenting attitudes of 12 months infants and to verify the child's problem behaviors according to the patterns of attachment. There was no statistical significant difference between the maternal parenting attitudes and the patterns of infant's attachment. But the latter infants had been fed the more they showed secured attachment. Infants fostered under mothers having a good relationship with brother's family husband, and having a satisfaction of environmental factors had more secured attachment. There was the statistical significant difference between the patterns of attachment and child's problem behaviors. In securely attached children showed more immature insecure antisocial behaviors and habit disorders. As the results the maternal parenting attitude influenced infants's patterns of attachment to their mothers. And childern's problem behaviors were influenced by the patterns of attachment.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.17-43
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• 2011

With a substantial rise in divorce rates since the mid 1990s, single-parent households are increasing rapidly in Korea. Often it is believed that children in single-mother households suffer the most economically and socially with the marital disruption of the parents. This study hypothesizes that in Korea the socioeconomic status of single-father households may be lower than that of single-mother households mainly because low-income divorced women are not able to form their own households with children. The analysis is based on two sub-samples from the 2% sample of the 2005 Census, one, with children 12 years old or younger and, the other, with divorced mothers of children of the same ages. The findings support the hypothesis that previously-married single fathers show the lowest educational and occupational status among 6 groups of parents: fathers and mothers from two-parent families, fathers and mothers from married but spouse-absent families, and previously-married single fathers and mothers. Divorced mothers'likelihood of living apart from their children has a strong negative association with their educational attainment, with the highest likelihood among women of middle school or lower education and the lowest likelihood among women with college education. Although single mothers comprise a larger percentage of single-parent households, single-father households demonstrate a particular vulnerability with their weak socioeconomic status.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.6 s.53
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• pp.1021-1030
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to develop and make the head form by setting the region of the head for detailed measurement of the head to make the type of closely fit hat and typifying the head form of Korean women's with each region of the head based on the measurements of each region of the head according characteristics. A total of 285 Korean women's in the age group of 18 to 35 years old. It were measured through the direct measurement method by selecting 67 measurement items. As a result of the findings obtained from cluster analysis could be classified into 3 type. Type 1($46\%$) is U-shaped form, that is high in head height on sides and circumference is smallest, whose facial region and occiput is flattest of three types. Type 2($22.4\%$) is inverted triangle form, that is flat in head ridge, low in head height on sides and wide in the frontal width. Type 3($31.6\%$) is oval form, that is largest in size, has the projected occiput and is of three-dimensional form.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.65-82
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• 2015

This study tries to discuss the problems of reading education based on the theory of multiple intelligences and after reading activity. For the theory of multiple intelligences, Dr. Howard Gardner asserted eight types of multiple intelligences under the presupposition the anyone had infinite ability. He analyzed and applied reading education by types of multiple intelligences and proposed a new program for the reading education aiming to evenly promote children's various intelligences and heighten their creativities. The purpose of the new program is to have children throw away the idea that they should perfect their resultants in reading education time, develop their own strong intelligences through various experiences and processes and complement their lacking abilities. To prove the validity of the program I made FGI (Focus Group Interview) to the sample group consisting of child reading education experts. Analyzing the interview showed that the general idea of the group corresponded to the researcher's expectation effect. I see that reading education has one-dimensionally developed significance if it enables all the children of the present and the future not to have the oppressive feeling that they should produce masterpieces in reading education but to take pleasure in the activities and improve their own abilities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.109-120
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• 2004

Purpose: The purposes of this study are; to classify executive organizations engaged in MCH programs at 23 advanced public health centers according to each characteristic; evaluate the effectiveness of organizations engaged in MCH programs. Method: This study analyzes me data on the present conditions and evaluates the organizational effectiveness of MCH workers at 23 advanced public health centers. The organizational effectiveness of MCH organization is assessed by both MCH workers and clients who have received MCH services at the three health centers selected from me 23 advanced public health centers. Finally, this study seeks to obtain consensus among experts in the field of MCH. Results: The results are as follows. The executive organizational systems for MCH services are classified into three types: Type I (provides MCH and HP services by MCH org.); Type II(provides MCH and HP Services by HP org); and Type III(provides MCH Services by MCH org. and HP services by HP org.) at leading MCH Health Centers. The evaluation of the organizational effectiveness of MCH org. shows that Type II is the most effective in terms of teamwork, autonomy, service quality, and resource utilization. According to clients' evaluation of organizational system in the field of MCH, Type II is also me most effective. Conclusion: This study suggests that the executive organization for the MCH and HP services for maternity and children should be established in accordance with lifetime health programs in order to efficiently utilize the limited MCH and HP resources at public health centers.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.126-141
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to understand the pattern of the pregnant women' attitude on breast feeding. The research had been proceeded as follows ; 1. Delineation of the Q-population the statements of Q-population had been derived from review of the related literature and a open-ended questionnaire filled by nurses, nursing students, general public, and the pregnant women. Total number of concourse collected was 105. 2. Selection of the Q-sample : Among 105 concourse, those which has obscure or overlapped were deleted. 38 concourse were selected finally. 3. Selection of the P-sample : by the convenient sampling technique, 28 subjects had been deter mined among the pregnant women who visited a hospital affiliated with university for the antenatal care, from March to August, 1993. 4. Q-sorting : based on 1 to 9 point scale (forced normal distribution), the selected P-sample rated their operant definition of breast feeding. 5. Determination of Q-type : with Q-sorts, PC-Quanal program identified the three Q-types. 6. Analysis of Q-type : the characteristics of three different attitude had been analyzed based on the typal array, extreme comments, and subject$\sim$s demographic information. The results revealed that there are three different altitudes nth regard to breast feeding : Instinct oriented attitude, Science oriented attitude, and Convenience oriented altitude. Mothers with Instinct oriented attitude and Science oriented altitude are thought to have high possibility to breastfeed their infant willingly, and mothers with Convenience oriented attitude to breast feed under the favorable conditions. These findings can be used as the information giving data for the education to encourage breast feeding.