• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2024

There There is a difference in terms of administrative power in that the address of things are not an address under Public Act. In terms of location expression, it is possible to express the location more flexibly and in more detail than the road name address, so it should be improved so that it can be assigned and managed in an appropriate location, so that the location of the entire territory can be expressed together with the road name address. As a result of the comparison between the road name address and the address of things based on the analysis results of related laws such as the existing Road Name Address Act, the Building Act, and the Regulations on the Preparation and Management of Basic Address Information, it was confirmed that there are fundamental limitations of the address of things system. Accordingly, this study attempted to suggest ways to improve the address of thing system by broadly dividing it into the legal aspect and the addressable object aspect. From the legal point of view, firstly, it is necessary to improve the upper and lower level laws by unification together with a clear definition of the term subject of addressable object; secondly, according to the Building Act, facilities that are not used for residence among buildings must be given an address of thing; and thirdly, it is necessary to make it easy to use and link with heterogeneous public data by classifying the registration items of the basic address information map by type of geographical feature to be assigned an address. From the point of view of addressability, firstly, it must be given to all facilities in the relevant category so that it can be recognised that all specific facilities have object addresses, and secondly, it is necessary to be able to address the address of things to places that are used by many, even if there are no facilities.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.508-519
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• 2017

There have been many studies on monitoring of biodiversity changes and preservation of Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve (GFBR) in South Korea in recognition of the rare ecosystem that has been preserved for a long period. However, there are few studies on diversity and community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates as an indicator of stream health of GFBR. The purpose of this study was to assess the water quality of Bongseonsa Stream that penetrated through Gwangneung Forest and the nearby torrents by analyzing the benthic macroinvertebrates community during April to September 2016. The investigation collected a total of 114 species of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 56 families, 17 orders, 8 classes, and 5 phyla from the Bongseonsa Stream and Kwangneung Stream. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were the largest groups in species diversity with 30 species (32.3%) and 16 species (17.2%), respectively, and Tubificidae sp., Baetis fuscatus, Antocha KUa, and Cheumatopsyche brevilineata, which usually habit in contaminated streams, appeared frequently. Among the feeding function groups, the gatherers and hunters appeared relatively frequently, and the shredders and scrapers appeared frequently in the torrents. Among the habitat oriented groups, the clingers and burrower appeared more frequently and represented the microhabitats in the shallow areas. The result of the analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates community showed that the dominant index was $0.48{\pm}0.10$ in average while it was lowest with 0.33 in GS 8 of the Gwangneung Forest torrent and highest in BS 1 of Bongseonsa Stream. The diversity and richness indices were inversely proportional to the dominant index and were 2.53 and 4.22, respectively, in GS 8 where the dominant index was low. The result of the analysis of community stability showed that area I, which had high resistance and restoration, was high in Bongseonsa Stream while the area III, which had low resistance and restoration, was high in Gwangneung Forest, indicating that the water system in Gwangneung Forest had a wider distribution of specifies sensitive to agitation. The biological water quality assessment showed ESB of $50.88{\pm}17.69$, KSI of $1.11{\pm}0.57$, and BMI of $78.55{\pm}11.05$. GS 8 of Gwangneung Forest torrent was judged to be the highest priority protective water area with the best water environment and I class water quality with ESB of 63, KSI of 0.55, and BMI of 89.9. On the contrary, BS 1 of Bongseonsa Stream was judged to be the high priority improvement area that had the lowest water quality rating of III with ESB of 25, KSI of 2.13, and BMI of 62.7. Although the diversity of water beetle was higher in the water system of nearby Bongseonsa Stream than the water system inside the Gwangneung Forest, the annual community structure appeared to have distinct differences.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.677-683
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• 2010

This study investigated the effect of young Phragmites communis (Pc) leaves on lipid profiles, lipid metabolism and erythrocyte antioxidant defense system in high-fat diet fed mice. Three groups of mice were fed different diets for 8 weeks: normal diet (Normal), high-fat diet (High-fat; 37% calories from fat) and high-fat diet supplemented with 1% Pc (wt/wt, HF-Pc). Body weight, daily food intake and energy intake tended to decrease by Pc supplement in high-fat fed mice. Pc supplementation significantly lowered plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations compared to the high-fat control group. Pc also lowered hepatic and heart cholesterol contents, whereas it significantly increased fecal excretion of triglyceride and cholesterol compared to the high-fat control group. Pc significantly inhibited fatty acid synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activities compared to the high-fat control group. Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were also significantly higher in the high-fat group than in the normal group, however Pc supplementation reversed these changes. The Pc supplementation significantly lowered erythrocyte lipid peroxidation level compared to the high-fat control group. Accordingly, these results suggest that Pc improves lipid metabolism and erythrocyte antioxidant defense system in high-fat diet fed mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.327-333
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts on lipid metabolism. Sprague-Dawley male rats$(110{\pm}10g)$ were fed on containing normal and high fat diets. They were orally administrated(0.02g/100g B.W.) of Quercus aculissima CARRUTHERS ethylacetate-extract and water-extract at the same time once a day respectively. The rats were sacrificed after 6 weeks of feeding periods. In high fat diet group, liver and heart weight were increased but kidney weight was decreased. Contents of total lipid, triglyceride and phospholipid were increased in high fat diet groups. But the degree of increment was reduced by administration of Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts and water extract was more effective. Significant decrease in serum total lipid content by administration Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts was not due to decrease of triglyceride content but total cholesterol content. Whereas HDL-cholesterol content was significantly decreased in high fat diet group and improved by administration of Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol contents in liver were also increased in high fat diet group but phospholipid content was significantly decreased. The results indicate that Quercus acutissima CARRUTHERS extracts were effective in preventing hyperlipidemia and water extract was more effective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2013

This study was to analyze quantitatively movement of planning target volume (PTV) and change of PTV volume through movement of diaphragm according to breathing phase. The purpose of present study was to investigate optimized respiration phase for radiation therapy of lung cancer. Simulated breathing training was performed in order to minimize systematic errors which is caused non-specific or irregular breathing. We performed 4-dimensional computed tomography (4DCTi) in accordance with each respiratory phase in the normalized respiratory gated radiation therapy procedures, then not only defined PTVi in 0 ~ 90%, 30 ~ 70% and 40 ~ 60% in the reconstructed 4DCTi images but analyzed quantitatively movement and changes of volume in PTVi. As a results, average respiratory cycle was $3.4{\pm}0.5$ seconds by simulated breathing training. R2-value which is expressed as concordance between clinically induced expected value and actual measured value, was almost 1. There was a statistically significant. And also movement of PTVi according to each respiration phase 0 ~ 90%, 30 ~ 70% and 40 ~ 60% were $13.4{\pm}6.4mm$, $6.1{\pm}2.9mm$ and $4.0{\pm}2.1mm$ respectively. Change of volume in PTVi of respiration phase 30 ~ 70% was decreased by $32.6{\pm}8.7%$ and 40 ~ 60% was decreased by $41.6{\pm}6.2%$. In conclusion, PTVi movement and volume change was reduced, when we apply a short breathing phase (40 ~ 60%: 30% duty cycle) range. Furthermore, PTVi margin considered respiration was not only within 4mm but able to get uniformity of dose.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2018

Soybean sprouts have good digestibility, high isoflavone content compared with soybean seeds, and large amounts of aspartic acid, which is effective in eliminating hangovers. However, the region between the cotyledon and hypocotyl in soybean sprouts appears purple, the product value of soybean sprouts reduces. To date, the scientific correlation among factors such as growth temperature, spray water temperature, and cultivation periods for soybean varieties related to purple color expression between the cotyledon and hypocotyl of soybean sprouts are unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify the factors regulating the expression of purple color between the cotyledon and hypocotyl of soybean sprouts. Of 15 Korean soybean varieties with purple color in the hypocotyls and flowers, 9 varieties, including Sowonkong, Wonhwang, Sinhwa, Eunhakong, Pungsannamulkong, Paldonamulkong, Kwangankong, Shingang, and Jangki showed purple color between the cotyledon and hypocotyl of sprouts. However, the remaining six cultivars, including Dachae, Myeongjunamulkong, Sobaeknamulkong, Sojinnamulkong, Anpyeong, and Jonam, did not show purple color. The proportion of soybean sprouts with purple hypocotyls was the lowest at $26^{\circ}C$ and there was no significant difference at the other three cultivation temperature conditions ($17^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $23^{\circ}C$). Similar to the results of the cultivation temperature experiment at five different spray water temperatures ($10^{\circ}C$, $17^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $23^{\circ}C$, and $26^{\circ}C$), the proportion of soybean sprouts with purple hypocotyls was the highest at the lowest spray water temperature ($10^{\circ}C$), and lowest at the highest temperature. Additionally, there was no purple color expression in soybean sprout hypocotyls on the $3^{rd}$ day after soybean sprouting. However, the highest expression level was observed on the $4^{th}$ day. Then, on the $5^{th}$ day, the proportion of soybean sprouts with purple hypocotyls reduced significantly, compared with that on the $4^{th}$ day. The results showed that interaction among these factors under cultivation conditions was remarkably effective for the expression of purple color in hypocotyls under the dark condition. These results suggested that cultivation temperature and spray water temperature for purple color expression in soybean sprout hypocotyls are the most important factors in the sprout cultivation environment.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of powdered young barley leaf and its water extract on body weight and lipid metabolism in high-fat fed mice. Male mice were divided into normal group, high-fat (HF) group, high-fat group supplemented with powdered young barley leaf (HF-YBL) and high-fat group supplemented with water extract of the powdered young barley leaf (HF-WYBL). The powdered young barley leaf or its water extract was added to a standard diet based on 1% dried young barley leaf (1 g YBL/100 diet and 0.28 g WYBL/100 g diet) for 8 weeks. Supplementation of YBL and WYBL significantly reduced body weight and epididymal adipose tissue weight in high-fat fed mice. Food intake and daily energy intake were significantly lower in the YBL group than in the HF group. After 8 weeks, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the HF group than in the Normal group; however, both YBL and WYBL significantly lowered those of the high-fat fed mice. The ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol of the YBL and WYBL groups were significantly elevated compared to that of HF group. Both YBL and WYBL significantly increased fecal excretion of triglyceride in high-fat fed mice, whereas they did not affect fecal cholesterol concentration. The triglyceride levels of liver, adipose tissue and heart were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Supplementation of WYBL also lowered the kidney triglyceride and heart cholesterol concentrations compared to those of HF group. Hepatic lipid regulating enzyme activities, fatty acid synthase, HMG-CoA reductase and acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase, were significantly lower in the YBL and WYBL groups than in the HF group. Accordingly, these results suggest that YBL and WYBL improve plasma and organ lipid levels partly by increasing fecal lipid excretion and inhibiting fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2002

Seasonal quantitative van Veen grab sampling was conducted to characterize the composition and structure of the benthic polychaete community inhabiting the shellfish farming ground of a coastal bay system of Jiniu Bay (Korea). A total of 132 polychaete species were identified and the polychaetes accounted for about $80\%$ of overall abundance of benthic animals. There was little significant seasonal difference in densities (abundances) of polychaetes, Maximum biomass was obseued in summer (August) and minimum value was recorded in winter (February) and spring (May). Conversely, diversity and richness were lowest in summer, indicating a seasonal variability in the polychaetous community structure, The cluster analysis indicated that such a seasonal variability resulted mainly from the appearance of a few small, r-selected opportunists in spring and the tubiculous species of the family Maldanidae in summer. On the other hand, several indicator species for the organically enriched environments such as Capitelia capitata, Notoniashs Jatericeus and hmbrineris sp. showed high densities during all the study period. Density and biomass of univariate measures of community structure were significantly lower in the arkshell-farming ground of the southern area than in the non-farming sites of the bay, A similar general tendency was also found in the spatial distributions of species diversity and richness. Principal component analysis revealed the existence of different groups of benthic assemblages between the arkshell-farming ground and non-farming sites, The lack of colonization of r-selected opportunists and/or tubiculous species in the former ground seemed to contribute to the spatial differences in the composition and structure of the polychaetous communities. Although finer granulometric composition and high sulfide concentration in sediments of the arkshell-farming ground and low salinity in the northern area were likely to account for parts of the differences, other environmental variables observed were unlikely. The spatial distribution of polychaetes in Jiniu Bay may be rather closely related to the sedimentary disturbance by selection of shells for harvesting in spring.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the strain on the alveolar ridge in the centric, eccentric and protrusive position according to the occlusal scheme (bilateral balanced occlusion with 33 degree anatomical teeth, group B; monoplane occlusion with non-anatomical teeth, group M; lingualized occlusion with 33 degree anatomical teeth and non-anatomical teeth, group L; of complete dentures. Experimental dentures were set bilateral balanced occlusion, lingualized occlusion and monoplane occlusion. They are analysed through T-Scan II(Tekscan, Boston, U.S.A) and 1.5mm thick layer was removed from the denture-supporting surface of resin model and then replaced with silicone to simulate resilient edentulous ridge mucosa. A $4{\times}6$ linear strain gauge is attached to the $1^{st}$ premolar and $1^{st}$ molar area. The strain values are recorded according to the occlusal scheme in the centric, eccentric and protrusive position after uniformly applying 50 N and 150 N force through a Universal Testing Machine(instron$^{(R)}$ 5567, Bluehill 2.0 software ,U.S.A.) with the models mounted in the articulator. When performing centric and protrusive occlusion, the three groups of occlusal scheme were compared in the anterior region and in the posterior region. The strains of each group were also compared in the working side and in the non-working side during eccentric excursion. It was observed that the strain in the bilateral balanced occlusion showed a higher value than the lingualized occlusion and monoplane occlusion in every position except the non-working side. However, during the eccentric movement the strain value in the non-working side showed the lowest value in the bilaterally balanced occlusion. The strain change amount from the working side or centric occlusion to non-working side and also the strain variation rate within the non-working side showed the highest value in bilateral balanced occlusion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 2020

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of MnO₂-diatom microbubbler (DM) on the surface of prosthetic materials as a mouthwash by comparing the biofilm removal effect with those previously used as a mouthwash in dental clinic. Materials and methods: DM was fabricated by doping manganese dioxide nanosheets to the diatom cylinder surface. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of DM and to analyze the composition of doped MnO₂. Stereomicroscope was used to observe the reaction of DM in 3% hydrogen peroxide. Non-precious metal alloys, zirconia and resin specimens were prepared to evaluate the effect of biofilm removal on the surface of prosthetic materials. And then Streptococcus mutans and Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms were formed on the specimens. When 3% hydrogen peroxide solution and DM were treated on the biofilms, the decontamination effect was compared with chlorhexidine gluconate and 3% hydrogen peroxide solution by crystal violet staining. Results: Manganese dioxide was found on the surface of the diatom cylinder, and it was found to produce bubble of oxygen gas when added to 3% hydrogen peroxide. For all materials used in the experiments, biofilms of the DM-treated groups got effectively removed compared to the groups used with chlorhexidine gluconate or 3% hydrogen peroxide alone. Conclusion: MnO₂-diatom microbubbler can remove bacterial membranes on the surface of prosthetic materials more effectively than conventional mouthwashes.