• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2012

Diagnosis of nutrient disorders in cultivating crops is based on the visual symptoms and results of soil and plant analysis. This study was carried out to investigate the influence of B concentrations in fertilizer solution on the growth of and nutrient uptake by domestically bred strawberries. Tissue analysis based on the dry weight were also conducted to determine the threshold levels in plants when toxicity developed in boron. The growth was seriously restricted in the three strawberry cultivars as the B concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated. The fresh and dry weights were heavier and crown diameters were thicker in the 0.25 mM boron treatment than the other treatments tested. The toxicity symptoms of boron appeared on the older leaves of three strawberry cultivars while interveinal chlorosis symptoms appeared on the young leaves of 'Keumhyang' and 'Seolhyang' strawberries. The toxicity symptoms in lower leaves were developed when B concentrations in fertilizer solution were higher than 2 mM in 'Keumhyang' and 0.5 mM in 'Maehyang' and 'Seolhyang' strawberries. The elevated boron concentrations in fertilizer solution did not influence the tissue K, Ca, and Mg contents, but influenced the phosphorus contents with decreasing tendency. The tissue Fe and Zn contents decreased and increased, respectively, as the B concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated. When the concentration of boron at which the growth of a plant is retarded by 10% is regarded as a upper threshold level, the boron contents based on dry weight of above ground plant tissue should be lower than 25.1, 44.2, and 62.5 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ in 'Keumhyang', 'Maehyang', and 'Seolhyang' strawberries, respectively.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.265-271
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to find out the optimum number of fruiting per a flower cluster on 5 domestic strawberry cultivars (Fragaria${\times}$ananassa Duch.), 'Daewang', 'Ssanta', 'Okmae', 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang'. Therefore, three ways of fruit thinning, 4~5 fruiting, 7~9 fruiting and all fruiting per a flower cluster were compared. After fruit thinning, the first fruit weights were increased from the second flower cluster on 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang', but from the third one on 'Daewang' and 'Ssanta'. There was no difference in first fruit weight by the flower thinning ways on 'Okmae'. The mean fruit weights of all the cultivars were increased and sugar contents also were increased, but acidities were decreased. The peduncle lengths were shortened by fruit thinning, but there was no difference in number of leaf, petiole length and crown diameter. Marketable yields by 4~5 fruiting per a flower cluster than all the fruit setting were higher 4.3% and 6.6% respectively on 'Daewang' and 'Maehyang'. In contrast, the yields were higher 3.1%, 3.5% and 9.1% in 7~9 fruiting per a flower cluster than all fruiting on 'Ssanta', 'Okmae' and 'Seolhyang' respectively. As the result, we could improve the fruit quality and could increase marketable yield by fruit thinning with matching flowering characteristics of those strawberry cultivars.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.726-731
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• 2013

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of low temperature-darkness treatment on floral initiation in four kinds of Korean strawberry cultivars. Mother plants were planted on March 29 and daughter plants were raised for the experiment. Temperature treatment was done for 7, 14, and 21 days keeping $13^{\circ}C$ in cooling storage from August 29, September 5 and September 14 to September 21. After the treatment, flower bud initiation was examined by a microscope, and the seedlings were transplanted on hydroponic system with Yamazaki's strawberry solution of EC $0.8dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ to check the flowering. 'Ssanta' and 'Maehyang' showed early flower bud initiation in 7 days treatment than 'Seolhyang' by microscope check. 'Ssanta', 'Daewang', and 'Maehyang' showed early flower bud initiation in 14 days treatment than 'Seolhyang'. There were no differences among the treatments in 21 days treatment. Percentage of flowering of 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang' by low temperature-darkness treatment didn't show any difference but 'Daewang' and 'Ssanta' showed high percentage of flowering. It suggested that low temperature-darkness treatment technique can be use for improving early flowering and yield of 'Ssanta' and 'Daewang' cultivars.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.948-953
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• 2010

We evaluated the bioactive compounds including carbohydrates (CH), organic acids (OA), ascorbic acid (AA), anthocyanin (AC), and ellagic acid (EA) in the achenes, epidermis, and flesh of fully ripe strawberry fruits of the 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', 'Keumhyang', 'Akiheme', and 'Red pearl' cultivars. The total contents of CH, OA, AA, and AC were significantly greater in the epidermis than in other tissues, while the EA content was significantly greater in the achenes than in other tissues. The AA content of the epidermis ranged from $49.1-69.2mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ FW and was significantly greater than the content of the flesh, while AA was not detected in the achenes of any of the tested strawberry cultivars. The AA contents of the epidermis and flesh of the 'Maehyang' were 69.2 and $42.2mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ FW, respectively, and were greater than those of the other cultivars. The AC contents in the epidermis and achenes of the 'Keumhyang' were $74.0mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ FW and $36.7mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ DW, respectively, greater than those of the other cultivars. The EA content of the achenes of the 'Seolhyang' was $215.5mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$ DW, significantly greater than those of the other cultivars. Results indicate that the antioxidant levels and other chemical compounds of strawberry fruits vary significantly among different fruit tissues. Our results also suggest that the recently introduced Korean 'Maehyang', 'Seolhyang', and 'Keumhyang' contain higher levels of antioxidants than other major June-bearing strawberry cultivars. These cultivars are feasible selections for both growers and consumers.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2020

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), a herbaceous perennial crop, is a popular fruit crop with high economical and nutritive values. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the runner training angle (RTA) on the length of internodes and number of runners produced in strawberry 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang' in an attempt to achieve a higher production rate of runner plants and increase the propagation efficiency. Runners were trained for 30 days to grow at an angle of 0° (vertically upward), 45°, 90° (horizontal), 135°, or 180° (hanging down) from the upward vertical axis. The experiment was carried out in a glasshouse with 29/20℃ day/night temperatures, an average light intensity of 450 μmol·m^-2·s^-1 PPFD coming from the sun, and a natural photoperiod of 12 hours. For both 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang', the RTA affected number and length of runners, and number and fresh and dry weights of runner plants. Training at an angle of 135° or 180° shortened length of runners and internodes in 'Seolhyang'. These RTAs also produced runner plants with the lowest fresh and dry weights in both cultivars. The RTA did not affect the runner diameter, but affected the runner morphology in both cultivars. As compared to a RTA of 135°, a 180° RTA increased number of runner plants produced, making it the most proliferative RTA.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.401-407
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• 2008

This study was conducted to develop the DNA markers for identification of the strawberry cultivars in Korea and Japan. We developed fifteen cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers based on the Fragaria gene sequences. Among them six CAPS markers showed polymorphism exclusively in one cultivar. Five CAPS markers (ANR-MspI, ANR-BamHI, ACO-HinfI, DFR-AseI, FGT-MspI) provided enough polymorphism to identify eight Korean strawberry cultivars except for 'Maehyang' and 'Sunhong'. To complement the fifteen CAPS markers, we selected another fifteen sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and one of them, me1/em5_460bp marker, made it possible to discriminate between 'Maehyang' and 'Sunhong'. Therefore, application of the five CAPS markers and one SRAP marker were sufficient to identify the nineteen Korean and Japanese strawberry cultivars. These markers could be used practically for cultivar identification of Korean and Japanese strawberry.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2015

There are various limiting factors that take part in the production of daughter plants, but the important thing for mother plants of strawberries is to undergo a sufficient period of dormancy during winter. It is a well known fact that many runners and daughter plants are generated from mother plants that have been through sufficient cold treatment, but such researches were not found in Korea. This experiment was conducted due to the recent need for a research on the effects of cold treatment using 'Seolhyang,' 'Maehyang' and 'Ssanta' cultivars bred in Korea for two years in 2012 and 2013. The strawberries were divided into 4 types treatments: cold treatment plants in which 1,000 hours have passed in the temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and below; cold+heated treatment plants in which 1,000 hours have passed in the temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ and below, and then 2 weeks in the greenhouse; greenhouse treatment plants raised in the greenhouse; and plants in harvest treatment. The results of the 2012 experiment showed that 'Seolhyang' had the bigger number of daughter plants in the cold, cold+heated, and harvest than greenhouse. 'Maehyang' had the biggest number of daughter plants in the cold+heated, and lowest in the greenhouse and harvest. 'Ssanta' had no significant difference in all treatments. The results of the 2013 experiment showed that 'Seolhyang' and 'Maehyang' both had more daughter plants in cold and cold+heated than in the greenhouse and harvest. 'Ssanta' tended to show a similar result and cold+heated had statistically more daughter plants than greenhouse.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.484-492
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• 2014

We quantified the effects of the composition and concentration of fertilizer solutions on the growth and nutrient uptake of 'Maehyang' strawberry at the vegetative growth stage. Acid fertilizer (AF), neutral fertilizer (NF), and basic fertilizer (BF) with concentrations of 100 or $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ based on N, were formulated and applied during the 100 days after transplanting, at which point crop growth and tissue nutrient contents were analyzed. The soil solutions were sampled every two weeks to measure the pH, EC and nutrient concentrations. BF was a more effective fertilizer compared to AF and NF for growth of 'Maehyang' strawberry when fertilizer concentrations were controlled to $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. By contrast, the fresh and dry weights were greatest in the NF treatment when fertilizer concentrations were controlled to $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The tissue contents of N, P, and Na were 2.20, 0.51 and 0.10%, respectively, in the NF 200 treatment, and these were the highest among all treatments tested. The highest contents of K, Ca and Mg were 2.60% in AF 200, 0.95% in BF 200 and 0.45% in BF 100, respectively. During the fertilization period, the highest and lowest pHs were 6.13 in BF 100 and 4.92 in AF 200. The lowest EC was $1.376dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in BF 100 and the highest was $4.936dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in NF 200 treatments. The highest $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations in the soil solution occurred during the AF 200 treatment, followed by those with NF 200 and AF 100. When fertilizer concentrations were equal, AF treatment gave rise to the highest $Ca^{+2}$ and $Mg^{+2}$ concentrations, followed by NF and BF, until day 84 of fertilization. The BF treatments had the highest $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations followed by NF and AF. The trends for $PO_4^{-3}$ concentrations were similar in all fertilizer treatments when the fertilizer concentrations were equal. The above results indicate that neutral and basic fertilizers were most effective to promote 'Maehyang' strawberry growth when fertilizer solutions were controlled to low or high concentrations, respectively. These findings are useful for planning fertilization programs for vegetative propagation of 'Maehyang' strawberry.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 2017

This study was conducted to examine the effect by application method and concentration of plant growth regulator (PGR) on the growth and runner production of strawberry (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa Duch. cv. Maehyang) in a velno-type greenhouse. The seedlings of strawberry were transplanted in pot ($64{\times}27{\times}18cm$) filled with commercial mixed medium (Tosilee) on February 22nd, 2016. The 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) was applied with foliar spray or drench, respectively as 900, 1,200 or $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ (50 mL per plant) at 3 weeks after transplanting. Nutrient solution was sufficiently supplied by the drip irrigation as EC $0.65dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ for rooting during 7 days. After rooting, the 450 mL nutrient solution supplied per pot twice a day (10 min). Plant height and crown diameter of 'Maehyang' mother plant appeared no significantly difference. The other growth characteristics, such as root length, number of primary roots, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and fresh and dry weights of the shoot or root, were significantly the greatest in the control. And, the SPAD value of strawberry was the highest as 44.2 in the drench with $900mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The foiler spray was more effective in runner production than drench, and the number of runners appeared high values at the 900 and $1,500mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Whereas, the number of strawberry plantlets was effective in the drench. The results indicate that both growth and the number of runners of strawberry plant were the best achieved by foliar spray application at the $900mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.392-399
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of molybden (Mo) concentrations in fertilizer solution on the growth of and nutrient uptake by domestically bred strawberries. Tissue analysis based on the dry weight was also conducted to determine the threshold levels in plants when Mo toxicity developed in strawberries. The leaf chlorophyll contents decreased lineally as Mo concentrations in the fertilizer solution were elevated. The differences among treatments in chlorophyll contents were statistically significant. The fresh and dry weights decreased significantly when the Mo concentrations in fertilizer solution were higher than 3.0 mM in 'Keumhyang' and 'Maehyang' strawberries and 1.0 mM in 'Seolhyang' strawberry. The elevation of Mo concentrations in fertilizer solution resulted in severe toxicity and crops developed the unique symptoms. The margin of older leaves became yellow and desiccated. Then, the margin of leaf blade rapidly became bronze colored and died as the symptoms spread up the plants. The interveinal area of the young leaves became yellowing. The elevation of Mo concentrations in fertilizer solution did not influence the tissue P, K, and Mg contents based on the dry weight. The tissue Ca contents were higher in 1.0 mM treatment than other treatments of 'Keumhyang' and 'Seolhyang' strawberries. The tissue Mo contents based on the dry weight of 'Keumhyang', 'Maehyang', and 'Seolyahng' strawberries were 76.5, 104.0, and 187.3 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively, in the 0.25 mM treatments and 4,155, 5,367, and 2,190 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, respectively, in the 4.0 mM treatments. The contents increased lineally as Mo concentrations in fertilizer solution were elevated. When the concentration of Mo at which growth of crops were retarded by 10% is regarded as threshold level, the Mo contents based on dry weight of above ground plant tissue should be lower than 653.4, 686.2, and 589.7 $mg{\cdot}kg^{-1}$, in 'Keumhyang', 'Maehyang', and 'Seolyahng' strawberries, respectively.