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Influence of the Composition and Concentration of Fertilizer Solution on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of 'Maehyang' Strawberry during Vegetative Growth

비료의 조성 및 농도가 영양생장 중인 '매향' 딸기의 생장, 양분흡수 및 근권환경 변화에 미치는 영향

  • Jang, Hyun Ho (Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Hee Su (Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Lee, Chiwon W. (Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University) ;
  • Choi, Jong Myung (Department of Horticultural Science, Chungnam National University)
  • 장현호 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 이희수 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과) ;
  • 이치원 (노스다코타 주립대학교 식물과학과) ;
  • 최종명 (충남대학교 농업생명과학대학 원예학과)
  • Received : 2014.01.25
  • Accepted : 2014.04.02
  • Published : 2014.09.30

Abstract

We quantified the effects of the composition and concentration of fertilizer solutions on the growth and nutrient uptake of 'Maehyang' strawberry at the vegetative growth stage. Acid fertilizer (AF), neutral fertilizer (NF), and basic fertilizer (BF) with concentrations of 100 or $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ based on N, were formulated and applied during the 100 days after transplanting, at which point crop growth and tissue nutrient contents were analyzed. The soil solutions were sampled every two weeks to measure the pH, EC and nutrient concentrations. BF was a more effective fertilizer compared to AF and NF for growth of 'Maehyang' strawberry when fertilizer concentrations were controlled to $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. By contrast, the fresh and dry weights were greatest in the NF treatment when fertilizer concentrations were controlled to $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The tissue contents of N, P, and Na were 2.20, 0.51 and 0.10%, respectively, in the NF 200 treatment, and these were the highest among all treatments tested. The highest contents of K, Ca and Mg were 2.60% in AF 200, 0.95% in BF 200 and 0.45% in BF 100, respectively. During the fertilization period, the highest and lowest pHs were 6.13 in BF 100 and 4.92 in AF 200. The lowest EC was $1.376dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in BF 100 and the highest was $4.936dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in NF 200 treatments. The highest $NH_4{^+}$ concentrations in the soil solution occurred during the AF 200 treatment, followed by those with NF 200 and AF 100. When fertilizer concentrations were equal, AF treatment gave rise to the highest $Ca^{+2}$ and $Mg^{+2}$ concentrations, followed by NF and BF, until day 84 of fertilization. The BF treatments had the highest $NO_3{^-}$ concentrations followed by NF and AF. The trends for $PO_4^{-3}$ concentrations were similar in all fertilizer treatments when the fertilizer concentrations were equal. The above results indicate that neutral and basic fertilizers were most effective to promote 'Maehyang' strawberry growth when fertilizer solutions were controlled to low or high concentrations, respectively. These findings are useful for planning fertilization programs for vegetative propagation of 'Maehyang' strawberry.

'매향' 딸기를 재배하는 동안 비료의 종류와 농도를 변화시켜 시비하고 작물 생장과 양분 흡수량 변화에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 영양진단을 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. 증류수를 원수로 산성, 중성 및 알칼리성 비료를 조제한 후 N 농도를 기준으로 100 및 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로, pH는 6.0-6.3으로 조절하여 100일간 시비하였다. 세 종류 비료의 농도를 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 조절하여 시비한 경우 시비 100일 후 알칼리성 비료를 시비한 처리의 생장이 우수하고 산성비료를 시비한 처리에서 가장 저조하였다. 비료 농도를 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$로 조절하여 시비한 경우 중성비료를 시비한 처리의 생체중 및 건물중이 산성이나 알칼리성 비료를 시비한 처리보다 무거웠다. 식물체 무기원소 함량을 분석한 결과 N, P 및 Na 함량은 중성비료 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리에서 각각 2.20, 0.51 및 0.10%로, K은 산성비료 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리에서 2.60%로, Ca은 알칼리성비료 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리에서 0.95%로, Mg은 알칼리성비료 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 처리에서 0.45%로 다른 처리 보다 높았다. Fe, Mn, Zn 및 Cu 함량은 산성비료를 시비한 처리에서 높았고, 알칼리성 비료를 시비한 처리에서 뚜렷하게 낮았다. 산성비료를 100 및 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 그리고 중성 비료 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 시비한 처리의 근권부 pH가 지속적으로 낮아졌다. 근권부 무기원소 농도를 분석한 결과 산성 비료 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 중성 비료 $200mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 그리고 산성 비료를 $100mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$으로 시비한 처리 순으로 근권부의 $NH_4{^+}$ 농도가 낮아졌다. Ca 및 Mg 농도는 시비 84일 후까지는 알칼리성 비료를 시비한 처리의 농도가 가장 낮고 중성 비료 및 산성비료 순으로 높아지는 경향이었다. $NO_3{^-}$ 농도는 산성비료에서 낮았고, 중성 및 알칼리성 비료의 순으로 높아졌으며, 세 종류 비료를 동일한 농도로 시비한 경우 $PO_4{^3}$ 농도가 유사한 경향을 보이며 변화하였다. 이상의 결과를 고려할 때 저농도에서는 알칼리성비료, 그리고 고농도에서는 중성비료가 영양생장중인 '매향' 딸기의 관비재배를 위해 효과적이었으며, 본 연구 결과는 '매향' 딸기의 번식을 위한 시비방법 개선을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

Keywords

References

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