• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.253-263
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• 2022

This study suggests a guideline for designing unit process of wastewater reuse in terms of a maintenance of the process based on critical parameters to draw a high quality performance of RO unit. Defining the parameters was done by applying membrane integrity test (MIT) in pretreatment process utilizing lab-scale MF. SDI is utilized for judging whether permeate is suitable to RO unit. However, result said TOC concentration matching with particle count analysis is better for judging the permeate condition. When membrane test pressure (P_test) was measured to derive log removal value in PDT, virgin state of membrane fiber was used to measure dynamic contact angle utilizing surface tension of the membrane fiber. Actually, foulant affects to the state of membrane surface, and it decreases the P_test value along with time elapsed. Consequently, LRV_DIT is also affected by P_test value. Thus, sensitivity of direct integrity test descends with result of P_test value change, so P_test value should be considered not the virgin state of the membrane but its current state. Overall, this study focuses on defining design parameters suitable to MF pretreatment for RO process in wastewater reuse by assessing its impact. Therefore, utilities can acknowledge that the membrane surface condition must be considered when users conduct the direct integrity test so that P_test and other relative parameter used to calculate LRV_DIT are adequately measured.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.158-167
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• 2023

The increasing concerns for environmental pollution and depletion of natural resources have prompted the development of environmentally sustainable technologies. Pervaporation has garnered attention in recent decades due to its low energy consumption, environmental impact, and performance efficiency. This method has been used to separate chemical species and dehydrate organic solvents, as the membranes can be fine-tuned to fulfill the desired selectivity. Several separation processes, such as reverse osmosis and distillation, are being utilized in both experimental settings and industrial applications. However, pervaporation has several advantages, such as low operating pressure and temperature and a higher rejection rate. Nonetheless, the current state of membrane technology alone can't suffice the demands of practical applications. Composite membranes, on the other hand, can leverage the benefits of both organic and inorganic materials. Many studies have effectively incorporated inorganic nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and MXene (MX) in polymeric membranes to tackle the current limitations. This review investigates the recent development of 2D composite membranes in pervaporation and evaluates performance enhancement.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.11 no.1 s.111
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• pp.62-68
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• 1979

효율이 높은 사료를 급여하는 것도 중요하나 사료를 매개로 해서 여러가지 질병이 일어날수 있으며 각종 곰팡이 독 불량물질에 의한 피해는 일반 양축가의힘으로 막을 수 없는 또하나의 문제가 아닐 수 없다. 특히 살모네라의 경우 양계업자에게 피해를 줄 뿐만 아니라 양계산물에까지 오염시켜 사회적인 문제로까지 파급되어 소비마저 위축될 우려가 있어 시급한 대책이 요구되고 있으나 현재로는 사료 위생학적인 검사는 고려도 되고 있지 않으며, 전담기구도, 전공하는 사람도 없는 형편이다.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2014

Geotechnical evaluation on the reactive drain pile which can achieve simultaneously both the soft ground improvement and the remediation of contaminated pore water in reclamation site was performed. Applicability of steel-making slag used as a inside reactive material was confirmed. To investigate the consolidation characteristics of the soft ground improved by reactive drain pile, testing devices to form and install the reactive drain pile were developed and laboratory tests were performed according to the existence of outside sand drain and the length of impermeable barrier. Test results showed that the consolidation time was decreased as the shortening of impermeable barrier. However, the effect of outside sand drain on consolidation time was dominant compared with the length of impermeable barrier.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to show the application of the Biofilter for treatment of the soil contaminated by lead and to investigates the effect of the biofilter on the retardation of lead with pilotplants that were simulated with different media and the number of bed. and to testify the inoculation by seeding microbes. The ratio of the degradation of soil contaminant was verified as CODcr/TOC in order to find a variation of the stabilization index in soil. The Biofiltration was one of biological processing methods for treatment. The contaminants were transported through the biofilter that was filled with the media. The surface of media formed biofilm which was surrounded by microbes and through its boundary, some materials were exchanged and migrated into the cell of microbes in an orderly manner. To investigate the effect of the Biofiltration, contaminated soil with lead nitrate of 1000mg/kg in dry was made artificially. The tests were simulated such as compost, Bioceramic and compost with bioceramic by 7:3 in weight. The bed consisted of three layers in order to find effect of the number of bed. Aspergillus niger was used as a biosorbent could probe the effect on the retardation of lead.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.87-100
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• 2021

With a striking increase in the level of contamination and subsequent degradations in the environment, detection and monitoring of contaminants in various sites has become a crucial mission in current society. In this review, we have summarized the current research areas in membrane-based colorimetric sensors for trace detection of various molecules. The researches covered in this summary utilize membranes composed of cellulose fibers as sensing platforms and metal nanoparticles or fluorophores as optical reagents. Displaying decent or excellent sensitivity, most of the developed sensors achieve a significant selectivity in the presence of interfering ions. The physical and chemical properties of cellulose membrane platforms can be customized by changing the synthesis method or type of optical reagent used, allowing a wide range of applications possible. Membrane-based sensors are also portable and have great mechanical properties, which enable on-site detection of contaminants. With such superior qualities, membrane-based sensors examined in the researches were used for versatile purposes including quantification of heavy metals in drinking water, trace detection of toxic antibiotics and heavy metals in environmental water samples. Some of the sensors exhibited additional features like antimicrobial ability and recyclability. Lastly, while most of the sensors aimed for a detection enabled by naked eyes through rapid colour change, many of them investigated further detection methods like fluorescence, UV-vis spectroscopy, and RGB colour intensity.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.194-202
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• 2009

In this study periodic water-back-flushing using permeate water was performed to minimize membrane fouling and to enhance permeate flux in advanced water treatment by tubular ceramic ultrafiltration membrane for Gongji stream in Chuncheon city. The back-flushing period (FT, filtration time) 2 min with periodic water-back-flushing of 15 sec showed the highest value of dimensionless permeate flux (permeate flux vs. initial permeate flux), and the lowest value of resistance of membrane fouling. Also in the results of BT effect at fixed FT 10 min, BT (back-flushing time) 20 sec showed the lowest value of resistance of membrane fouling and the highest value of dimensionless permeate flux, and we could be obtained the highest total permeate volume of 107.3 L. Consequently FT 10 min and BT 20 sec could be the optimal condition in Gongji stream water treatment, which was the exactly same results of our previous tubular alumina microfiltration. Then the average rejection rates of pollutants by our tubular ceramic UF system were 97.0% for turbidity, 32.1 % for chemical oxygen demand by manganese method, 28.8% for ammoniac nitrogen and 54.4% for T-P.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.464-468
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• 2005

산업활동으로 인해 발생하는 슬래그 등의 폐기물을 적절히 처리하는 방법으로서는 저비용 처리형태와 자연계에서 슬래그 등의 특성을 고려한 Filter 기능을 수행할 수 있도록 수질이 악화된 하천이나 정체수역에 투입시켜 수질을 개선시킬 수 있는 방법의 도입이 필요하다. 현재 POSCO에서 발생하는 슬래그와 폐콘크리트의 화학적 성분은 주로 $CaO,\;SiO_2,\;Al_2O_3,\;Fe_2O_3$ 등으로 이루어져 있으며, 침전유발물질 및 흡착성물질이 공존하고 있다. 다공질 형태의 비표면적을 가지고 있어서 정화용 필터로 이용하기에 좋은 이점을 가지고 있다. 슬래그나 폐콘크리트를 Mattress/Filter 채움재 및 수질정화용 여재로 활용하면 폐기물처리, 자원 재활용 그리고 수질 환경 개선의 세 가지 효과를 동시에 얻을 수 있는 방법이 된다. 본 연구에서는 슬래그와 폐콘크리트를 활용한 정체수역에서 정화시스템의 정화특성을 조사하기 위하여 유입수와 유출수의 pH, 용존산소, 질소, 인 등을 측정하여 비교하였다. 수질개선을 위한 Mattress/Filter 시스템의 기본개념은 하천의 오염된 물이 Mattress/Filter의 공극사이를 통과하면서 채움재에 형성된 생물막이 수질 개선과정에서 나타나는 접촉작용, 생물 흡착작용, 생물산화의 분해작용 등을 촉진시키도록 하였다. Mattress/Filter를 이용한 수중 수질개선시스템에서 채움재로 제철폐기물인 슬래그와 건설폐기물인 폐콘크리트를 사용함으로써 Mattress/Filter의 다공성 및 넓은 표면적이라는 특성에 따른 물리적$\cdot$화학적$\cdot$생물학적 작용이 촉진되고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 그 결과 정체수역에 설치한 Mattress/Filter는 다공질 속에서 쉽게 생물막을 형성시키고 유기물의 흡착을 촉진시켜 오염물질을 정화하는데 필요한 자정작용의 효과 증대와 수질개선을 촉진시킬 수 있는 자연생태적 하천정화시스템임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.395-408
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• 2020

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have gained much attention as eco-friendly energy conversion devices without emission of environmental pollutant. Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) that can transfer proton from anode to cathode and also prevent fuel cross-over has been regarded as a key component of PEMFCs. Although perfluorinated polymer membranes such as Nafion® were already commercialized in PEMFCs, their high cost and toxic byproduct generated by degradation have still limited the wide spread of PEMFCs. To overcome these issues, development of hydrocarbon based PEMs have been studied. Incorporation of cross-linked structure into the hydrocarbon based PEM system has been reported to fabricate the PEMs showing both high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability. This study focused on the various cross-linking strategies to the preparation of cross-linked PEMs based on hydrocarbon polymers with ion conducting groups for application in PEMFCs.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.892-899
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• 2005

Groundwater is naturally of excellent microbiological qualify and generally of adequate quality for drinking water use. However, recently, the impact of urbanization and intensification of agricultural production have led to serious deterioration in groundwater quality. The representative SOCs used in this study were trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is widely used for SOCs removal. The overall goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using a hybrid use of PAC-UF and PAC-MF processes for treating groundwater contaminated with TCE and PCE. The results show that the flux decline rate was lower for the PAC-UF or PAC-MF process than for UF or MF only process. Therefore, applying PAC before UF or MF membrane filtration showed not only enhancing the removal of TCE and PCE, but also reducing membrane fouling.