• Health Policy and Management
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.26-37
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• 2024

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the differences in charges and length of stay per case between spine specialty hospitals and non-specialty hospitals, and to identify the factors that influenced them. Methods: This study used claims data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, including inpatient visits from January 2021 to December 2022. The healthcare facility status data was used to identify the characteristics of study hospitals. Multilevel analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with the charges and Poisson regression analysis was conducted to analyze the length of stay between spine specialty hospitals and non-specialty hospitals. There were 32,015 cases of spine specialty hospitals and 17,555 cases of non-specialty hospitals. Results: For four of five common spinal surgeries, specialty hospitals shaped longer length of stay than those of non-specialty hospitals. Multilevel and Poisson regression analysis revealed that regardless of the type of surgery, higher age and higher Charlson comorbidity index scores were significantly associated with an increase in both the charges per case and length of stay (p<0.05). However, when hospitals were located in metropolitan areas, there was a significant decrease (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study found that specialty hospital had higher inpatient charges and loner length of stay contrary to the previous study results. Further studies will be needed to find which contribute to the differences.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2024

In this paper, we studied projection mapping, which is being utilized as a digital canvas beyond space and time for theme parks, mega events, and exhibition performances. Since the existing projection technology used for fixed objects has the limitation that it is difficult to map moving objects in terms of utilization, it is urgent to develop a technology that can track and map moving objects and a real-time dynamic projection mapping system based on dynamically moving objects so that it can respond to various markets such as performances, exhibitions, and theme parks. In this paper, we propose a system that can track real-time objects in real time and eliminate the delay phenomenon by developing hardware and performing high-speed image processing. Specifically, we develop a real-time object image analysis and projection focusing control unit, an integrated operating system for a real-time object tracking system, and an image processing library for projection mapping. This research is expected to have a wide range of applications in the technology-intensive industry that utilizes real-time vision machine-based detection technology, as well as in the industry where cutting-edge science and technology are converged and produced.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2024

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an occupational therapy program on the school readiness, focusing on adaptation skills and daily life skills, in children with developmental delays. Methods : The study involved a boy with developmental delay, aged 5 years and 8 months. The program was conducted twice a week, with a total of 8 sessions spread over 4 weeks. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was employed, targeting class preparation and use of the toilet. Pre-post tests and follow-up evaluations were carried out to compare changes. Data analysis involved video recordings of the subject's performance. Results : The COPM results indicated improvements in both the performance and satisfaction levels for class preparation and toilet use. Processing skills showed seven improvements in class preparation and eight improvements in toilet use during post-testing. Activity performance observations further confirmed improvements in both class preparation and toilet use during post-test and follow-up evaluations. Conclusion : Occupational therapy improves school readiness (adaptation skill, daily living activity skill) for children with developmental delays, and has a positive effect on overall school readiness.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.458-467
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• 2010

In this paper, a new audio reproduction system was developed in which the cross-talk signals would be reasonably cancelled at an arbitrary listener position. To adaptively remove the cross-talk signals according to the listener's position, a method of tracking the listener position was employed. This was achieved using the two microphones, where the listener direction was estimated using the time-delay between the two signals from the two microphones, respectively. Moreover, room reverberation effects were taken into consideration where linear prediction analysis was involved. To remove the cross-talk signals at the left-and right-ears, the paths between the sources and the ears were represented using the KEMAR head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) which were measured from the artificial dummy head. To evaluate the usefulness of the proposed listener tracking system, the performance of cross-talk cancellation was evaluated at the estimated listener positions. The performance was evaluated in terms of the channel separation ration (CSR), a -10 dB of CSR was experimentally achieved although the listener positions were more or less deviated. A real-time system was implemented using a floating-point digital signal processor (DSP). It was confirmed that the average errors of the listener direction was 5 degree and the subjects indicated that 80 % of the stimuli was perceived as the correct directions.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.207-212
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• 2024

The importance of hydrogen fuel cells continues to be emphasized, and there is a growing demand for education and training in this field. Among various educational environments, metaverse education is opening a new era of change in the global education industry, especially to adapt to remote learning. The most significant change that the metaverse has brought to education is the shift from one-way, instructor-centered, and static teaching approaches to multi-directional and dynamic ones. It is expected that the metaverse can be effectively utilized in hydrogen fuel cell engineer education, not only enhancing the effectiveness of education by enabling learning and training anytime, anywhere but also reducing costs associated with engineering education.In this research, inspired by these ideas, we are designing a fuel cell education platform. We have created a platform that combines theoretical and practical training using the metaverse. Key aspects of this research include the development of educational training content to increase learner engagement, the configuration of user interfaces for improved usability, the creation of environments for interacting with objects in the virtual world, and support for convergence services in the form of digital twins.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2023

As next-generation sequencing has been developed and used widely, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) has rapidly emerged as the first choice of tools to validate global transcriptome profiling. With the significant advances in RNA-seq, various types of RNA-seq have evolved in conjunction with the progress in bioinformatic tools. On the other hand, it is difficult to interpret the complex data underlying the biological meaning without a general understanding of the types of RNA-seq and bioinformatic approaches. In this regard, this paper discusses the two main sections of RNA-seq. First, two major variants of RNA-seq are described and compared with the standard RNA-seq. This provides insights into which RNA-seq method is most appropriate for their research. Second, the most widely used RNA-seq data analyses are discussed: (1) exploratory data analysis and (2) pathway enrichment analysis. This paper introduces the most widely used exploratory data analysis for RNA-seq, such as principal component analysis, heatmap, and volcano plot, which can provide the overall trends in the dataset. The pathway enrichment analysis section introduces three generations of pathway enrichment analysis and how they generate enriched pathways with the RNA-seq dataset.

• Information Systems Review
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.75-100
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• 2017

Today, firms are constantly transforming and innovating to survive under the rapidly changing business environment. The introduction of cloud computing services has become popular throughout society as a whole and is expected to result in many changes and developments not only in firms and but also in the public sector subject to innovation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the characteristics of cloud computing services on the perceived expected performance according to innovativeness based on innovation diffusion theory. The results of the analysis of the data collected from this research are as follows. The convenience and understanding of individuals' work as well as the benefits of cloud computing services to them depend on the innovative trend of cloud computing services. Further, the expectations for personal benefit and those for organizational benefit of cloud computing services are different from each other. Leading firms in the global market have been actively engaged in the utilization of cloud computing services in the public sector as well as in private firms. In consideration of the importance of cloud computing services, using cloud computing services as the target of innovation diffusion research is important. The results of the study are expected to contribute to developing future research models for the diffusion of new technologies, such as big data, digital convergence, and Internet of Things.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2023

Objective : In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of family-centered intervention conducted with caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in South Korea through a systematic literature review. Methods : Previous studies published from 2011 to 2021 were searched through RISS, KISS, and DBpia. The search terms applied included "autism spectrum" OR "general developmental disorder" OR "high-functioning autism" OR "Asperger's" AND "parent education" OR "family-centered intervention" OR "parent coaching" OR "parent training" OR "family participation." A total of 11 experimental studies were chosen based on the selection criteria. Results : According to the findings on the general characteristics of the study participants, intervention strategies, and effects of the intervention, it was observed that the majority of children with ASD who participated in the study were preschool-aged, and the majority of participating caregivers were mothers. The effects of family-centered interventions were evident in both children and parents. In children, the most significant effects were observed in interaction and communication skills. In parents, a reduction in parenting stress and an improvement in parenting efficacy were observed. The intervention strategies employed in the study varied, with sensory integration intervention, responsive communication, and interaction-centered intervention being the most commonly used, followed by developmental-centered intervention, positive behavior support (PBS), and parent-mediated intervention based on pivotal response treatment (PRT). Conclusion : The results of this study are significant in that they confirm that family-centered intervention is effective not only in improving the functioning of children with autism spectrum disorder, but also in reducing parenting stress and enhancing parenting efficacy, and provide evidence for clinical use.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of elderly education in the age of science and technology. The research contents to achieve the research purpose are, first, to examine the current status of elderly education, and second, to suggest the direction of elderly education in the age of science and technology. Due to the current status of education for the elderly, education for the elderly continues to change and develop, and various programs and activities are provided to help the elderly enjoy a richer retirement life. According to the survey report on the elderly, 11.9% of all elderly people participate in learning activities. Senior welfare centers accounted for the largest number of institutions conducting learning activities for elderly education learning activities participants at 35.5%. First, in the direction of elderly education in the age of science and technology, education on the use of digital technology and information is necessary in the composition of elderly education contents. Second, in the case of elderly education methods, customized elderly education methods are needed. Third, in the case of operating elderly education institutions, specialized education centers for elderly education must be further strengthened and supported. The international community is already forming a consensus that the establishment of new social systems and financial investment due to the increase in the elderly population should be considered a new growth engine rather than a social crisis. Although there is a burden on the social security sector due to the increase in the elderly population, there is a shift in the direction of recognizing the potential capabilities and experiences of the elderly and returning them to social resources. Elderly education in the age of science and technology needs to change to a direction that can build a healthy and progressive society in the future.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2024

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a technique used for providing global patterns of transcriptomes in samples. However, it can only provide the average gene expression across cells and does not address the heterogeneity within the samples. The advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology have revolutionized our understanding of heterogeneity and the dynamics of gene expression at the single-cell level. For example, scRNA-seq allows us to identify the cell types in complex tissues, which can provide information regarding the alteration of the cell population by perturbations, such as genetic modification. Since its initial introduction, scRNA-seq has rapidly become popular, leading to the development of a huge number of bioinformatic tools. However, the analysis of the big dataset generated from scRNA-seq requires a general understanding of the preprocessing of the dataset and a variety of analytical techniques. Here, we present an overview of the workflow involved in analyzing the scRNA-seq dataset. First, we describe the preprocessing of the dataset, including quality control, normalization, and dimensionality reduction. Then, we introduce the downstream analysis provided with the most commonly used computational packages. This review aims to provide a workflow guideline for new researchers interested in this field.