• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.736-751
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• 2008

Although a growing number of studies have commonly used a simple areal weighting interpolation method to quantify demographic characteristics of impacted areas in environmental equity analysis, the results obtained are inevitably imprecise because of the method's unrealistic assumption that population is evenly distributed within a census enumeration unit. Two alternative areal interpolation methods such as intelligent areal weighting and regression methods can account for the distributional biases in the estimation of impacted populations by making use of additional information about the geographic distribution of population. This research explores five areal interpolation methods for estimating the population characteristics of impacted areas in environmental equity analysis and evaluates the sensitivity of the outcomes of environmental equity analysis to areal interpolation methods. This study used GIS techniques to allow areal interpolation to be informed by the distribution of land cover types, as inferred from a satellite image. in both the source and target units. Independent samples t-test statistics were measured to verify the environmental equity hypothesis while coefficients of variation were calculated to compare the relative variability and consistency in the socioeconomic characteristics of populations at risk over different areal interpolation methods. Results show that the outcomes of environmental equity analysis in the study area are not sensitive to the areal interpolation methods used in estimating affected populations, but the population estimates within the impacted areas are largely variable as different areal interpolation methods are used. This implies that the use of different areal interpolation methods may to some degree alter the statistical results of environmental equity analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.395-400
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• 2020

Between October 2019 and January 2020, 120EA of a syringe that was equipped with a 3-way injection material and administered ^99mTc labeled compound among inpatients for SPECT examination at the Department of Nuclear Medicine at Daegu P Hospital. When using a plastic syringe, the average dosing rate according to the number of dilutions was ^99mTc-ECD the highest at 90.87±11.08, and ^99mTc-DMSA the lowest at 75.28±7.43. The average dose rate according to the number of dilutions was the highest at 93.58±7.96, and the lowest at ^99mTc-DMSA at 91.60±6.07. The independent sample t-test showed whether the difference between the ^99mTc-DMSA plastic syringe and the normjek syringe was statistically significant(p<0.01). The ^99mTc-DMSA used for radiopharmaceuticals is a radiopharmaceutical that is mainly used for pediatric patients, and it is considered that it is necessary to use a normjek syringe rather than a general plastic syringe because the precise dosage is important.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.92-101
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• 2017

The SNS website can take full advantage of the characteristics of users to conduct e-commerce. The e-commerce website's organizing ability will be greatly strengthened by SNS and creates greater value for consumers. This article examined the Chinese largest SNS (Weibo) users as research objects, and combined the development status of SNS in China. This article focuses on the influence to consumer's purchase intention in three aspects: number of comments, consumer involvement level, and consumer appealing method and examines how the interaction of the number of comments and consumer appealing method affects the purchase intention. An investigation was conducted on 400 users of SNS and using valid questionnaires to perform reliability analysis, validity analysis, independent sample t-test, and double factor variance analysis using SPSS21. The research results indicated that the number of comments and rational appealing method had significant effect on the purchase intention. The mediating or controlling the purchase involvement level will disturb the influence of the number of comments but will have no effect on the information appealing method.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.399-404
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• 2017

If game images use colors improper for certain ages, the characteristics of games disappear, and the efficiency of image expression drops. thus a study in color is very important. Nevertheless, there is a lack of research on this subject. In this study, we investigated the difference of color of game images according to users. User group is divided into all users and users over 18 years old. Among the rank of games,10 each from games for all ages and games for non-teen-rated are selected, and the game-playing images are taken as snapshots to have 100 each images each, A total of 2000 images were extracted and the mean values of RGB and HSB of each game were obtained and independent sample t test was performed. The results showed that the RGB color values between the two users were significantly significant. In the future, it is expected that it will be helpful in color selection when developing psychotherapy games and emotional games using color psychology. Furthermore, we will use color image scales to express colors as adjectives, analyze colors in a variety of ways, and investigate the difference in color of game images in each country.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.433-441
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• 2020

This study was attempted to use as basic data for developing a nursing intervention program suitable for terminal cancer patients by analyzing the unmet needs of advanced cancer patients receiving palliative chemotherapy and identifying the influencing factors. The subject of the study consisted of 71 patients with advanced cancer who were admitted to a university hospital and received palliative chemotherapy, and the research tool used CNAT (Comprehensive Needs Assessment tool in Cancer) developed by Shin et al., and data analysis was an independent sample. It was analyzed by t-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis. As a result of the study, the medical staff's area was the highest at 2.34 ± 0.63 out of 4 points, followed by psychological problems (2.09 ± 0.53) and information education (1.69 ± 0.45). Factors influencing unmet needs include educational background (β=.207, p=.047), thoughts on death (β=-.269, p=.018), diagnosis (β=-.283, p=. 013). Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to consider the needs of the medical staff in advanced cancer patients, provide psychological support, and consider ways to meet the needs according to academic background and diagnosis.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.28-38
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• 2018

Purpose: To evaluate the medical expenditures for prostate cancer patients, including out-of-pocket costs, and compared the costs between androgen deprivation therapy and radical prostatectomy treatment. Methodology: This study combined clinical data from 357 prostate cancer patients from the Smart Prostate Cancer Database and the medical expenditure data from the claims and cost databases. We used the independent two-sample t-tests to compare androgen deprivation therapy and radical prostatectomy. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify determining factors for androgen deprivation therapy and radical prostatectomy treatments. Findings: The medical costs of androgen deprivation therapy treatment were much lower than radical prostatectomy treatment at the one year and remained lower until the fourth-year. However, after four years, the accumulated medical expenditures of androgen deprivation therapy become significantly higher than radical prostatectomy treatment. Patients with a higher cancer stage and older age had higher chances of being treated using androgen deprivation therapy treatment than radical prostatectomy treatment. Practical Implications: Our results show that early detection of cancer reduces the treatment cost for both patients and insurance payers. It also demonstrates that cost comparisons should be conducted over long periods of time in order to most accurately assess the costs.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 2016

Purpose: This study is to evaluate the clinical significance of implantation with simultaneous bone graft by comparing the marginal bone loss around maxillary anterior implants with or without bone graft. Materials and methods: Patients treated with implant-retained restorations on maxillary anterior region at Implant Center, Dental Hospital, Wonkwang University between June 2011 and May 2014 were included in this study. Date of implant placement, implant diameter, implant length, implant-abutment connection type and whether the bone graft was done were investigated. The patient's periapical radiographs taken immediately after implantation and at the most recent visit were compared. Marginal bone loss was measured using Emago advanced v5.6 program (Oral diagnostic systems, Amsterdam, Netherlands). Statistical analysis was done in independent t-test by using SPSS 22.0 program. Results: As a result of observing on 83 implants (without bone graft: 44, with bone graft: 39) of 52 patients for 6 - 45 months (average: 18.4 months), implants without bone graft showed $1.42{\pm}0.42mm$, implants with bone graft showed $1.28{\pm}0.45mm$ of marginal bone loss. Conclusion: In limitations of this study, implants with simultaneous bone graft had significantly less marginal bone loss than implants without bone graft.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.156-163
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide basic data for realistic applicable changes of sirens by identifying the stress due to the currently used sirens and the need for improving siren. The data was collected from an online survey of 267 subjects who voluntarily agreed to join this study from August 2019 to September, 2019. A structured questionnaire was used as a research tool. The results were analyzed by means and standard deviations, percentages and frequency analysis, and independent t-tests using SPSS. For the current workplace emergency siren type, it is believed that the number of hybrid formats was 143, the most negative opinion of the siren is high at 132, so periodic replacement is needed. For contextual stresses, the highest was 4.35 ± 0.94, when the siren was heard during bedtime. In the stress during sleep, which was based on the daily mean number of movements,, a statistically significant difference was shown between groups of 9 or more movements and below 9 movements (p <0.05). The type of siren paramedics wanted was 'soft music' and 'sound of nature'. More than half of 168 people (62.9%) wanted to replace the current siren, and 163 (91.6%) wanted that periodically within 24 months. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the siren.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.405-415
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students in natural science track and engineering major university students' perceptions about the writing and composition education. A total of 318 high school students in natural science track from two high schools in a metropolitan area and 447 university students majoring in engineering from three universities participated in the survey and asked to response their perceived status and needs of writing education for science-engineering track. The survey instrument, developed by Lee et al.(2009), was used for this study. The data was analyzed through the SPSS 18.0 program for Windows for Multiple Response Frequency Analysis, Descriptive Statistics, Independent Samples t-test, and One-way Analysis of Variance. The results indicated that high school students relatively perceived that writing education was less necessary compared to university students. In addition, high school students found writing less difficult than university students do. In related to studying their experience with writing and composition education, almost no high school students have taken writing classes and university students have taken an average of one class. Most university students who took writing classes took basic writing classes that were not programmed for students in Science and Engineering. In the basic survey to revitalize writing and composition education for Science and Engineering students in different majors, the level of writing and composition education required by students in each major was different. Writing was considered most necessary for students majoring in Chemical Engineering, followed by students majoring in Mechanical Engineering and Electronic Engineering. The study of writing and composition education for high school and college should extend to studies on teachers or professors who teach writing, studies on contents and methods of writing education, and studies on the development of writing programs for different majors in university.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.259-264
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• 2020

In this study, the humidity control effect of a counter-flow ventilator was analyzed in a greenhouse with high relative humidity at night in the winter season. A case of the counter-flow ventilator was 0.96 × 0.65× 0.82(W × D × H, m) and there were heat transfer element and two fans for air supply and exhaust in the counter-flow ventilator. Two counter-flow ventilators were used in this study and the setting humidity of the ventilators was 80%. The temperature and relative humidity at night(18:00-8:00) in the greenhouse were measured. In a greenhouse without a counter-flow ventilator, the average temperature and humidity was 14.9℃, 82.8%, respectively. When the counter-flow ventilator was operated, the corresponding averages were 15.1℃, 79.9%. The independent sample t test of monthly temperature and relative humidity showed no difference in temperature, and a significant difference in relative humidity with 1% of the significance level. Therefore, using the counter-flow ventilator helps to control relative humidity in greenhouse and increase yield.. And further research considering the pros and cons of using the counter-flow ventilator is needed.