• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.61-87
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• 2010

This study is based on the analysis of technology innovation performance for Inno-biz. The primary purposes of this study are to help the government formulate Inno-biz related supporting policies and improve the fitness of evaluation models for Inno-biz. In this study the definition of "the outcome of technology innovation" includes technology competitiveness changes, technology forecasting as well as the outcome of technology innovation. For this analysis, 55 independent variables were used and categorized into ability of technology innovation, ability of commercialization, and ability of technology management. The results indicate that all three variable groups have positively influenced the outcome of technology innovation. Especially ability of technology innovation is highly related to technology competitiveness and business in future. The ability of commercialization enhances technology competitiveness and predictability in major business indexes; however it doesn't influence business performance in a short-term period. The ability of technology management enables businesses to forecast technology changes, but doesn't effect short-term business outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.393-413
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• 2017

This study will explore the possibility of applying process innovation as a public library for business innovation. In order to do this, the study defines the concept of process innovation through the literature review. According to survey and focus group interviews with librarians working for public libraries, this study will organize work done at libraries into the following categories: acquisition, resource management, user management, user services, programs, volunteer management, marketing, library computerization system, facility management, general affairs and statistical management. In addition, through face-to-face surveys with librarians working for public libraries it is confirmed that there are issues within acquisition, user management, and applied process innovation. In response to these issues a new process has been developed. Using this new approach, book contract procedure and requests for book related work could be improved and optimized. In the user management section, the study analyzes the requirements and subscription procedures for members through a website survey of 30 public libraries in the United States and then provides an improved system through process analysis of the membership process of Korean public libraries. It is expected that the new system will contribute to improvements in user satisfaction as well as improvements in library workflow.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.57-67
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• 2019

Objective : This study aimed to identify types of leisure time spending of the Korean elderly according to the data of Hours of Living 2014 from National Statistical Office, and compare and analyze features of leisure time spending based on general characteristics of the elderly. Method : This study has only adopted the data of 9228 elder people whose ages were above 65, and their general characteristics and time spending features form the data of Hours of Living 2014. The final comparison and analysis has been made through behavior classification (1 major classification, 7 medium classification, 39 minor classification), which reflects how the elderly spend their leisure time according to their household and personal characteristics. Result : Firstly, the Korean elderly were found to spend most of their leisure time with media. Secondly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on household characteristics of the elderly, their gender and household income showed significant differences in all types of leisure time activities except for cultural and sightseeing activity. And their marital status showed significant differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding leisure time activity with media and cultural and sightseeing activity. Thirdly, analyzing the features of leisure time spending based on personal characteristics of the elderly, their education level has made significant differences in all types of leisure time activities. As for their economic activity status and average monthly income, they showed meaningful differences in most of the leisure time activities excluding cultural and sightseeing activity and ritual activity. Conclusion : We should help to find meaningful occupation within personal contexts and arrange it properly with balanced leisure time spending. Moreover, it is highly important to have appropriate occupational approach to prevent social isolation of the Korean elderly, and ensure their fruitful and successful later life.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.584-595
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• 2018

This study conducted direct shear test on about 290 sorts of materials such as sandy soil, clayey soil and gravely soil to present proper standard on shear strength of soil. Shear strength of soil in large scale tends to show that angle of internal friction increases as sand contents grow and it ranges $23.5^{\circ}{\sim}34.9^{\circ}C$ with cohesion of 2.0 kPa~15.7 kPa. Elastic modulus was visibly distinct by load, and which increased approximately 80% as vertical load grows. Angle of internal friction arranging $15.0^{\circ}{\sim}28.6^{\circ}$ on clayey soil decreased as clay contents rises and cohesion increase in regular scale. Elastic modulus tends to increase initial elastic modulus with almost same growing rate. While angle of internal friction on gravely soil indicates $29.9^{\circ}{\sim}36.7^{\circ}$ which hardly shows distinctive features. According to test in detail, cohesion of SW (well-graded sand), SP (poorly-graded sand), SC (clayey sand) and SM (silty sand) indicates value by 94%, 78% and 59% comparing to SC, SW and SP respectively. Angle of internal friction of ML (low-liquid limit silt) and CL (low-liquid limit clay) appears almost same features, and MH (high-liquid limit silt) despite of 88% value of ML. Cohesion among them varies with similar growing rate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2022

지구 온난화와 함께 발생하는 해수면 상승은 한반도의 해안지역을 비롯하여 울릉도 등 도서지역 전반에 걸쳐 진행 중이다. 또한 해수면의 온도 상승으로 인한 열대저기압의 생성 시 에너지 공급이 증가하며 연안으로 내습하는 파랑 내습 에너지가 커지게 된다. 경상북도 울릉군에 위치한 남양항은 최근 2019년 태풍 다나스 및 2020년 태풍 마이삭 등에 의해 고파랑 혹은 침수 피해가 발생하여 항 내에서는 물양장과 선박이 파괴되고 방파제가 전도되는 등의 피해가 속출하였다. 동해안의 태풍 내습, 지구 온난화와 저기압 발달에 의한 수위 상승 등과 같은 다양한 해양기후를 고려한 연안 구조물의 파랑 영향을 검토하는 것이 중요할 것으로 판단되었다. 기상청 태풍센터에서 제공하는 1979년부터 2020년까지 한반도 해역에 내습한 태풍 중 울릉도에 영향을 미친 태풍은 18개로 울릉도 인근에 영향을 준 내습 태풍을 10년 단위로 분석해 보면, 1980년대 3개, 1990년대 2개, 2000년대 8개, 2010년대 3개, 2020년 2개로 2000년대에 울릉도 영향권에 들어간 태풍이 가장 많았으며, 심해파 추산 기간 이후 2020년 1년 동안 울릉도 인근으로 마이삭, 하이선과 같은 2개의 태풍이 연속적으로 영향을 주었다. 울릉도에 영향을 미친 18개 태풍을 대상으로 일본 기상청(JMA)에서 제공하는 1시간 바람장을 이용하여 파랑 후측 수치 모의를 수행하였으며, 해양수산부와 기상청 관측 부이를 이용하여 파랑에 대한 정확도를 확보하였다. 고파랑 내습 시 연안에 조우하는 수위 조건은 파랑 에너지의 증가를 결정하게 되며, 항만 구조물의 설계에 적용되고 있는 약최고고조위 이상(4대분조의 최대 조위)의 최극조위 조건에서 해안 구조물에 월파 및 침수 피해를 주는 요인으로 작용할 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 울릉도 남양항에서 폭풍 시 내습한 최극고조위(0.65m)와 IPCC 5차 보고서에 제시한 최악의 시나리오(RCP 8.5) 조건에서 울릉도에서 확인된 0.79 cm 상승고를 반영하여 범람위험평가를 광역에서의 계산 결과를 입력자료로 하여 준 3차원 비 정수압 파랑 변형 수치 모형인 MIKE 3 Wave를 사용하여 실험하였다. 해수면 상승에 의한 수위 상승고는 연안 파랑 증가에 영향을 주었으며 연안 구조물의 침수 피해에 영향을 줄 것으로 판단되었다. 월파 차단, 파랑 차폐의 목적으로 건설되는 구조물의 규모 및 천단고 등을 설정하는데 설계 수위의 선정은 중요하다. 수치 실험 결과를 바탕으로 방파제 및 호안의 범람 위험 평가를 수행하고 구조물 설계 시 이러한 해수면 상승고가 반영된 설계가 중요하다는 것을 위험 평가를 통해 확인할 수 있다.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.57-78
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• 2020

With the development of the Internet, consumers have had an opportunity to check product information easily through E-Commerce. Product reviews used in the process of purchasing goods are based on user experience, allowing consumers to engage as producers of information as well as refer to information. This can be a way to increase the efficiency of purchasing decisions from the perspective of consumers, and from the seller's point of view, it can help develop products and strengthen their competitiveness. However, it takes a lot of time and effort to understand the overall assessment and assessment dimensions of the products that I think are important in reading the vast amount of product reviews offered by E-Commerce for the products consumers want to compare. This is because product reviews are unstructured information and it is difficult to read sentiment of reviews and assessment dimension immediately. For example, consumers who want to purchase a laptop would like to check the assessment of comparative products at each dimension, such as performance, weight, delivery, speed, and design. Therefore, in this paper, we would like to propose a method to automatically generate multi-dimensional product assessment scores in product reviews that we would like to compare. The methods presented in this study consist largely of two phases. One is the pre-preparation phase and the second is the individual product scoring phase. In the pre-preparation phase, a dimensioned classification model and a sentiment analysis model are created based on a review of the large category product group review. By combining word embedding and association analysis, the dimensioned classification model complements the limitation that word embedding methods for finding relevance between dimensions and words in existing studies see only the distance of words in sentences. Sentiment analysis models generate CNN models by organizing learning data tagged with positives and negatives on a phrase unit for accurate polarity detection. Through this, the individual product scoring phase applies the models pre-prepared for the phrase unit review. Multi-dimensional assessment scores can be obtained by aggregating them by assessment dimension according to the proportion of reviews organized like this, which are grouped among those that are judged to describe a specific dimension for each phrase. In the experiment of this paper, approximately 260,000 reviews of the large category product group are collected to form a dimensioned classification model and a sentiment analysis model. In addition, reviews of the laptops of S and L companies selling at E-Commerce are collected and used as experimental data, respectively. The dimensioned classification model classified individual product reviews broken down into phrases into six assessment dimensions and combined the existing word embedding method with an association analysis indicating frequency between words and dimensions. As a result of combining word embedding and association analysis, the accuracy of the model increased by 13.7%. The sentiment analysis models could be seen to closely analyze the assessment when they were taught in a phrase unit rather than in sentences. As a result, it was confirmed that the accuracy was 29.4% higher than the sentence-based model. Through this study, both sellers and consumers can expect efficient decision making in purchasing and product development, given that they can make multi-dimensional comparisons of products. In addition, text reviews, which are unstructured data, were transformed into objective values such as frequency and morpheme, and they were analysed together using word embedding and association analysis to improve the objectivity aspects of more precise multi-dimensional analysis and research. This will be an attractive analysis model in terms of not only enabling more effective service deployment during the evolving E-Commerce market and fierce competition, but also satisfying both customers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2018

This study intends to derive play attribute words to describe the nature of play by analyzing the correlation between play facilities and play attribute words. To investigate play attributes at playing facilities and supplement areas of weakness can provide a balanced play environment. Play attributes words were compiled via a literature review and the importance of each play attributes word was surveyed by experts. The keywords explaining play derived from news articles and references are defined as play attributes words. These words were classified into six broad categories and twenty-six sub-categories. The importance of major play attribute words show: Communication (0.268%) > Imagination (0.201%) > Amusement (0.190%) > Development (0.167%) > Learning (0.108%) > Intelligence (0.067%). Experts have recognized the most important elements are communication and imagination. Each play attribute associated with an amusement facility was separately identified in the amusement facilities installed in 114 children's parks in Seoul. Of the play attribute words, the amusement facilities at Seoul's Children's Park reflected a high frequency in 'development'. Furthermore, the importance of major playing attribute words such as 'Communication' and 'Imagination' were not fully reflected in cognitive play facilities. Therefore, it was judged that there is a need to actively introduce these attributes. This study proposed future improvements by determining weaknesses of amusement facilities in children's parks and analyzing the features and functions of play so as to suggest future improvements.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.651-672
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• 2014

Under the diagnosis of low employment rate and low growth, the government regards the creation of new jobs through the creative and innovative R&D as an important national plans. This study attempts to measure the employment creation effect of R&D investment of industrial technology by using input-output analysis used in domestic and international broadly. The employment effect can be divided into employment inducement effect and direct employment effect. As a result of the analysis, The employment creation effect of R&D investment of government industrial technology is measured to be 8-12 peoples per 1 billion KRW investment. This results mean that government R&D investment is a effective policy for employment creation. And it is necessary to establish R&D policies that reflect the technical characteristics of the employment creation effect. In short term, it is important that the government invest the superior technology of total employment and direct employment as essential means of employment creation by selection and concentration strategy. In mid-long term, the government should focus on technology spread as technology transfer and opening innovation strategy for employment creation to support superior technology of employment inducement. The results of this study can be used in analysis on the employment creation effect related to industrial technology R&D.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.496-500
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• 2009

소하천은 하천 네트워크의 최상류에 넓게 소재하는 하천이다. 본 연구의 목적은 올바른 소하천 수생태계 관리방안을 도출하기 위하여 소하천의 건강성을 분석하고 현행 소하천 관리제도의 개선점을 모색하는 것이었다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 분석방법을 이용하였다. 첫째, 2007년 한강수계 소하천 28개 지점에서의 부착조류($DAI_{PO}$, TDI), 저서성 대형무척추동물(KSI), 어류(IBI), 서식환경, 수변환경 등 6개 항목에 대한 수생태 건강성 조사결과를 토대로 공간적 분포와 수질현황을 조사하여 소하천에 대한 종합적인 건강성 평가를 실시하였다. 둘째, 분석대상지역을 각각 소하천 구간스케일(28개 지점)과 유역스케일(팔당호, 안성천 유역)로 선정, 하천차수도(1:25,000)를 활용하여 해당 구간과 유역의 소하천도를 작성하였다. 셋째, 작성된 소하천도 는ArcGIS(ver. 9.3)에서 30, 60, 90, 120, 150-m Buffering을 하였다. 다음으로 소하천 구간은 중분류(23개 항목, $2000{\sim}2006$ 또는 2007년) 토지피복도를, 팔당호 및 안성천 유역의 소하천은 대분류(8개 항목, $1975{\sim}2000$년) 토지피복도를 적용하여 분류항목별 면적변화비율을 산정하였다. 끝으로 소하천 정비에 대한 제도적 문제점을 분석하여 소하천 관리의 개선점을 연구하였다. 그 연구 결과, 첫째 연구대상 소하천(28개)의 건강성은 도심 소하천에서 가장 낮게 조사되었고, 일부 소하천은 비록 상류에 위치함에도 불구하고 부착조류의 유기물, 영양염류 평가가 낮게 평가되었다. 둘째, 소하천 구간 스케일의 수변토지피복변화 분석결과 소하천 수생태 건강성은 거시적으로 산림, 도시화, 밭 등의 피복변화에 민감한 것으로 나타났으며 도시화 피복변화의 영향은 수변 30m에서 60m보다 3배 정도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 유역 스케일 분석에서는 상대적으로 도시화가 많이 진행된 안성천 유역의 소하천이 팔당호 유역보다 낮은 건강성일 것으로 예측되었다. 결론적으로 적절한 소하천 수변관리는 지역 하천의 건강성을 온전히 회복시키고 개선 유지하기 위한 중요한 수단들 중에 하나이며 수변토지피복의 변화율은 (소)하천 건강성 또는 유역관리의 지표로 활용될 수가 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 이와 더불어 본 연구를 통해 소하천 복원 및 관리는 소하천 특성을 고려한 장기적인 계획과 관리대상의 우선순위를 바탕으로 점진적인 대안마련이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.297-309
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• 1994

For a total of 210 city and Kun areas in Korea, a model was developed to predict the amount of groundwater use at each area. At first, the total areas were classified into 3 groups by the characteristics of groundwater use: residential(87), industrial(27) and agricultural (96) areas. Among them, type areas, represented by the dominant groundwater usage for typical purposes, were selected: residential(22), industrial(8) and agricultural(32) areas. Data for the various factors possibly related to the groundwater use were statistically analyzed. The factors include, 1) agricultural area, 2) industrial area, 3) adininistrative unit area(city or Kun), 4) population, 5) groundwater capadty for community water supply, 6) average water supply for a person per day, 7) agricultural water-use, 8) industrial water-use, 9) residential wateruse, 10) rates of community water supply. The data were correlated to the total amount of groundwater use, and the correlations tested at the 95% and 99% significance levels. Influential, significantly related, factors were identified from the tests. Using the multiple regression method with the influential factors, predictive equations were drawn to calculate the amount of groundwater use for residential-industrial and agricultural areas, respectively. The equations were calibrated to minimize the RMS(root mean square) of the differences between predicted and observed groundwater use. After the validation with future data, the model can be utilized in the regional development plans to predict the maximum groundwater demand at each area.