• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.8-9
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• 2012

우리나라 해양에서 발생 가능한 기름유출사고를 소형 중형 대형으로 구분하여 대비 대응이 가능한 방제세력이 구축되어 있으며, 이 3단계를 구별하는 기준은 "유출량"이다. 그러나 유출량 외 반드시 고려되어야 할 요인이 누락되어 있는 실정이다. 1967년 이후 발생한 주요한 20건의 해양오염사고에서 대규모의 유출량을 발생한 해양오염사고라도 환경적으로 유출지점이 연안에서 상당한 거리에 떨어져 있을 경우에는 피해가 없거나, 거의 발생하지 않은 사고들도 포함되어 있다. 이처럼 해양에서 발생 오염사고는 오염에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 기름의 유출량뿐만 아니라 사고가 발생한 해역의 위치 등 여러 가지 요인을 복합적으로 고려하여 방제조치를 실시해야 한다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 방제수행에 있어서 필요한 고려요소를 재정립하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.550-559
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• 2019

The sinking of the M/V SEWOL in April 2014 was not a mere marine accident, but a marine catastrophe. This grim case developed into a social tragedy that impinged the national sentiment and communal integrity. It is imperative that thorough provisions and measures be outlined at the national level with regard to massive marine accidents, oil pollution, and natural disasters that might critically affect government affairs. Pivoting on "The Black Swan Theory," a concept of improperly rationalizing a national crisis based on uncertainties, this research assesses a variety of response strategies that minimize the national economic and social damage caused by a large-scale marine disaster. Along with the effort of minimizing any potential defects in each protective barrier, the "Black Swan Detection System of the Marine Disaster" needs to be incorporated to prevent cases wherein such defects lead to an actual crisis. Maritime safety must be systematically unified under a supervisory organization, and a structure for maritime crisis on-scene command and cooperation must likewise be established in order that every force on the scene of a marine disaster may act effectively and consistently under the direction of an on-scene commander.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2012

Our country has experienced some difficulties with clean up operation of massive marine oil pollution due to the lack of oil spill response equipments. And there was the case that a fishing vessel performed clean up operation had not received any proper payments because of its inefficient oil spill response operation. Thus, it is important to develop an efficient oil recovery equipment for small vessel and adopt it as a part of oil pollution prevention policy. These efforts could prepare oil spill response equipment in advance and use a fishing vessel registered in the affected area by massive marine oil pollution. Therefore, this study examines and adopts a suitable subject vessels as a first step for developing oil recovery system fitting with small vessels for national use.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2009

With an entry into force of OPRC-HNS on June 14th 2007, response system against any large scale accidents related to HNS is required to respond rapidly and effectively in a national scale, US national response system and national contingency plan for any chemicals in operation were analyzed to understand the characteristics of management system and response system for any HNS driven accidents in the Us. Main characteristics of the US system were well described as an unified information window and an integrated incident command system supported by response facilities, manpower and technical support from other response organizations through good cooperation. In general, response activities are conducted by private sectors, however, the government will take over response activities in case large scale accidents occur in the Us. Expected expenses for response activities are covered by a type of Superfund in the Us. Several applicable ways are proposed to enable NGO to participate in and reorganize response system in ROK, and are feasible in collaboration with other response organizations and private sectors in the aspects of equipment, technology and manpower, Based upon the above activities, it is desirable to reorganize domestic rules and/or regulations related to response measures in ROK.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.365-375
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• 2017

Approximately 250 marine pollution accidents involving oil and HNS spills are reported every year in the Republic of Korea. It is necessary that a strengthen of specialization of marine pollution response personnel on marine pollution response due to a diminution of damage when a major oil and HNS spill incident occurred, as in the case of the M/V Heibei Spirit and the M/V Maritime Maisie. In regard to this, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has planned to revise the OPRC Model Training Course to strengthen expertise for oil spill incident responses. Through a comparison of curriculum with the Korea Coast Guard Academy (KCGA) program, a revised IMO Model Course and the OSRL training institute, this study recommends the following improvements for the education program of the KCGA in response to oil spills. This study suggests several options in line with this approach to revise the oil spill response education curriculum, exercise, discussions and making materials. Accreditation of the KCGA as an institute that provides an IMO Model training course developed according to the revised IMO Model Course material is proposed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2013

In the case of occurring marine oil pollution, it is the most effective way that to prepare all the necessary response resources in advance and to respond to incidents, but there are limits in reality. Therefore, may be an important alternative ways to use a fishing vessel registered in the affected area by massive marine oil pollution efficiently. In the United States and other developed countries, it is can be found that temporary response program by local fishing vessels(VOO program) has been developed and operated. This study was examined for sweeping arm system suitable for domestic small fishing vessels. The selected small vessel was as the model of Coastal gill-net and compound fishing vessel with classes of 2.5~3.5tons, length 8~9m, breath 2.5~2.8m, horsepower 200~250 HP and FRP materials. The developed equipment was designed that can be easily mounted on the model ship and portable structure. For increasing the field practicality, the weight of each part was composed less than 10kg for easy assembly and disassembly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-344
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• 2012

It is very important to salvage the vessel and seafarer rapidly and efficiently when maritime accident occurred, as maritime accident has a bad effect on vessel, seafarer and shipping industry as well as the whole community itself. Especially, marine salvage in relation to the accident involving huge marine pollution and loss of life will be regarded as a more important process because the accident would result more severe damages. However, domestic marine salvage forces are weaker than other country's, and private marine salvage company has poor technical and commercial base even though the Korea Coast Guard and Navy have relatively more modernized equipments and squad. Thus, it is very important to promote marine salvage operation capacity because it is related with the national security as well as the national economy. In this regard, this study examines the promoting method of marine salvage including its public and private section from the perspectives of law and systemic revision.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-65
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• 2012

Once oil has spilled, oil spill responders use a variety of countermeasures to reduce the adverse effects of spilled oil on the environment. Mechanical methods of containment and recovery are preferred as the first response when the use of other methods fail or are ineffective. In these cases, the application of oil dispersants shall be use only as a last resort. While effectiveness of dispersants in removing oil form the sea surface is proven, the use of dispersants is controlled in almost all countries due to the toxicity of their active agents and the dispersed oil on the marine environment. However, according to reports, after dispersant application, no significant toxicity to fish or shrimp was observed in the field-collected samples. Moreover, the results also indicate that dispersant-oil mixtures are generally no more toxic to the aquatic test species than oil alone. During the Deepwater Horizon Incident, dispersants were applied to floating oil and injected into the oil plume at depth. These decisions were carefully considered by state and federal agencies, as well as BP, to prevent as much oil as possible from reaching sensitive shoreline habitats. Net Environmental Benefit Analysis for dispersant use assumed that dispersants appear to prevent long-term contamination resulting absence of oil in the substrate and will benefit marine wildlife by decreasing the risk of significant contamination to feathers or fur. Further study to use dispersants with scientific baseline is needed for our maritime environment which consistently threaten huge oil spill incidents occurrence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.354-364
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• 2017

The importance of marine pollution prevention is increasing day by day both at home and overseas. Against this context, this study proposes policy directions to forge an improved system of coastal control for local governments. I have analyzed the coastal pollution response capacity of local governments to find out how the central government can better support these efforts to reinforce capacity. For the purposes of this research, I carried out a number of case studies on large-scale marine pollution accidents that occurred at home and abroad. According to the results, I identified the implications of the coastal pollution response capacity of local governments and suggested several alternatives such as construction of step by step response system, strengthening education and training, part of human network activation, establishment of grounds for securing response resources, and establishment of dedicated department to prepare for potential future marine pollution accidents. However, as little research has been done on the coastal pollution response capacity of local governments, this work may be regarded as an experimental study to help facilitate follow-up research in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.168-176
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• 2017

HNS accidents involve large-scale fires and explosions, causing numerous human casualties and extreme environmental pollution in the surrounding area. The widespread diffusion of effects should be prevented through rapid decision making. In this study, a high-quality, standardized, and digitized HNS accident databases has been generated based on the HNS standard code proposed. Furthermore, the HNS Accident Tracking System (HATS) was applied and implemented to allow for systematic integration management and sharing. In addition, statistical analysis was performed on 76 cases of domestic HNS accident data collected over 23 years using HATS. In Korea, an average of 3.3 HNS accidents occurred each year and major HNS accident factors were Springs (41 %), Aprons (51 %), Chemical Carriers (49 %), Crew's Fault (45 %) and Xylenes (12 %). (The number in parentheses is the percentage of HNS accident factors for each HNS accident classification)