• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.657-664
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of onion vinegar on the cerebral blood flow by measuring the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and by observing the recovery of focal ischemic brain injury in rats. Rats are divided into thee groups depending on the medication; control group (no medication), 8.8-OV group (vinegar using 8.8 brix onion medication), 14.6-OV group (vinegar using 14.6 brix onion medication). The medication of onion vinegar significantly increased rCBF but decreased MABP. This result suggests that onion vinegar significantly increased rCBF by dilating arterial diameter. In addition, focal ischemic brain injury is induced in rats by middle cerebral arterial occlusion. The recovery from focal ischemic brain injury is more significantly improved in the groups using onion vinegar compared to the control group. The amount of recovery is measured by the GAP-43 and the medication of onion vinegar significantly increased GAP-43. This result suggests that onion vinegar is effective on the nerve regeneration. After the medication, the change of body weight, outcomes of renal and liver function test, and outcomes of CBC are analysed for safety examination. There are no statistical differences among control group and all experimental groups in the body weight, renal and liver function test, and CBC. In conclusion, these results suggest that onion vinegar can increase rCBF in normal state, and improve the stability of rCBF in ischemic state.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.601-606
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to research the effects of acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 and to determine the mechanism of action of acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 by measuring the changes of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats. To determine the mechanism of action of acupuncturing BL40 and ST36, pretreatment with indomethacine and methylene blue was performed. Acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 significantly increased rCBF, and the increased rCBF by acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. Acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 decreased MABP, and decreased MABP by acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 was not changed by pretreatment with indomethacin and methylene blue. This result suggested that acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 might significantly increase rCBF by dilating arterial diameter and mechanism of acupuncturing BL40 and ST36 might be mediated by cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.190-200
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• 2003

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine influences by the order, Reduction and Reinforcement in Acupuncture on cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats. Methods: This experiments was to to investigate eath other changes of rCBF and MABP at Xingjian(LR2)(1st) Shaofu(HT8)(2nd) Reduction, Xingjian(LR2)(1st) Shaofu(HT8)(2nd) Reinforcement, Shaofu(HT8)(1st) Xingjian(LR2)(2st) Reduction and Shaofu(HT8)(1st) Xingjian(LR2)(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture. Results: 1. LR2(1st) HT8(2nd) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased rCBF and MABP in compared with normal condition. 2. LR2(1st) HT8(2nd) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was significantly decreased rCBF, and was decreased MABP in compared with normal condition. 3. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased rCBF during acupuncture but was recovered rCBF after with-drawing of the neddle. 4. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reduction in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture and after withdrawing of the neddle. 5. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF during acupuncture and 30min after withdrawing of the neddle. 6. HT8(1st) LR2(2st) Reinforcement in Acupuncture was decreased MABP during acupuncture, but was recovered MABP after withdrawing of the neddle. Conclusions: I suggested that LR2 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture and LR2 HT8 Reinforcement in Acupuncture cause a diverse response of cerebral hemodynas.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Objectives : Joongjeo($TE_3$) Supplementation Aekmoon($TE_2$) Draining is a method belongs to Ohaeng-acupuncture, using directional supplementation and draining. Methods : This study was designed to investigate the effects of $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining on changes in cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) in normal rats. For these reasons, the present author investigated rCBF and MABP using laser doppler flowmeter in normal rats. In addtion, the present author also investigated action mechanisms of $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_3$ draining on changes in rCBF and MABP too. Results : In this results, $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining elevated rCBF in time-dependent manner, but MABP levels decresed by $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining. Pre-treatment with indomethacin (IDM), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, inhibited increase of rCBF effectively. But pre-treatment with methylene blue(MTB), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, decreased rCBF levels. In addition, pre-treatment with IDM also decreased MABP levels, but pre-treatement with MTB increased MABP levels. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining is effective to treat patient with disease related to cerebral ischemia, because $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining can increase rCBF. In addition, the mechanisms are thought to be related to guanylate cyclase pathways.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.91-98
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• 2002

Objective : Bangpungtongseongsan(BTS) has been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a prescription for a heat syndrome of apoplexy. The effects of BTS on the vascular system are not well known. This study is designed to identify the effects of BTS on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), arterial blood pressure and action mechanism in mice. Methods : We measured the change of rCBF and BP by BTS. Secondly, we investigated changes of rCBF and BP for 30 minutes interval after venous inject 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0mg/kg each density BTS infusion into mice, which were premanaged with methylene blue(10mg/kg, i.v), indomethacin(3mg/kg, i.v.), propranolo(3mg/kg, i.v.) for 30minutes. Results : rCBF increased significantly by BTS in a dose-dependent and BP was not affected by BTS in mice. Pretreatment with methylene blue significantly inhibited rCBF increased by BTS and aceelrated BP not affected by BTS. Pretreatment with indomethacin significantly inhibited rCBF increased by BTS and inhibited BP not affected by BTS. Conclusion : These results show that BTS causes the increasement of rCBF and non-change of BP. The action mechanism is related to prostaglandid activated by cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Sagunja-tang(SGJT), Ijin-tang(IJT), Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP), and pial arterial diameter (PAD)] in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action of YGJT. And, this Study was designed to investigate whether YGJT inhibit lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells. The results were as follows ; 1. SGJT significantly increased rCBF but MABP was not changed comparing with normal MABP(l00 %). This results were suggested that SGJT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 2. IJT significantly decreased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but significantly increased MABP in a dose-dependent. This results were suggested that IJT significantly decreased rCBF by contracting PAD. 3. YGJT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent, and YGJT increased MABP compared with normal MABP(100 %). This results were suggested that YGJT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 4. The YGJT-induced increase in rCBF was significantly accelerated by pretreatment with indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase but was significantly inhibited by methylene blue (MTB, 10 ㎍/㎏ i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. 5. The YGJT-induced increase in PAD and MABP were accelerated by pretreatment with IDN but was significantly inhibited by MTB. This results suggested that the mechanism of YGJT is mediated by guanylate cyclase. 6. YGJT inhibited significantly LDH activity in neuronal cells. This results were suggested that YGJT prevented the neuronal death. I thought that YGJT should have improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1599-1603
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• 2005

The study was designed to investigate the effects of Leonuri herba extract (LHE) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action of LHE. The results in normal rats were as follows, LHE significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, and MABP did not change in a dose-dependent manner. This results were suggested that LHE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. The LHE-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by Pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and was significantly inhibited by methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. The LHE-induced MABP did not change by pretreatment with indomethacin but was significantly inhibited by methylene blue. This results were suggested that the mechanism of LHE was mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2001

This study was aimed to investigate the effect Chukdamtanggamibang on the vascular systems including changes in blood pressure and regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) of male Sprague-Dawely rats, contractile force of guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle and abdominal aorta and femoral artery in rabbits. Blood pressure was not affected by Chukdamtanggamibang in rats. rCBF was significantly increased by Chukdamtanggamibang in a dose-dependent manner. Contractile force of isolated guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle evoked by His ({TEX}$ED_{50}${/TEX}) were inhibited significantly by Chukdamtanggamibang. Propranolol, indomethacin and methylene blue did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chukdamtanggamibang. Contractile force of isolated rabbit`s abdominal aorta and femoral artery evoked by NE ({TEX}$ED_{50}${/TEX}) were inhibited significantly by Chukdamtanggamibang. ODQ and L-NNA significantly attenuated the inhibitory effects of Chukdamtanggamibang in abdominal aorta, whereas propranolol did not significantly alter the inhibitory effect of Chukdamtanggamibang. These results indicate that Chukdamtanggamibang can relax hitamine-induced contraction of guinea pig`s tracheal smooth muscle and that this inhibition involves, in part, the relation to the soluble guanylyl cyclase synthesis and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.606-612
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• 2005

This study was performed to provide basic data that predict the application of Saengmaegsan(SMS) as medicinal food. SMS has been used in oriental medicine for many years as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. We examined the effects of SMS on physiological function in isolated abdominal aorta and femoral artery from rabbit and measured the changes of regional cerebral hood flow(rCBF), which was continually monitored by laser-doppler flowmeter and pressure transducer in anesthetized adult Spargue-Dawley rats through the data acquisition system composed of MacLab and Macintosh computer. The contraction forces by injection of norephinephrine in isolated abdominal aorta and femoral artery were significantly decreased in each concentration of SMS treatment compared with control. rCBF was increased by SMS in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that SMS causes a diverse response of rCBF and arterial diameter. These mechanism in rCBF increase may be mediated by prostaglandis, cyclic GMP and adrenergic $\beta-receptor$. Also mechanism in artery contraction decrease is also mediated by prostaglandis and cyclic GMP. These results indicate that SMS can be nsed as a safe and clinically applicable as a supplementation of diet therapy for cerebral cardiovascular disease patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1538-1542
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• 2006

The study was designed to investigate the effects of MokhwyangJoki-san Extract (MJSE) on the change of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of MJSE. The results in normal rats were as follows ; MJSE significantly increased rCBF in a dose-dependent manner, and MABP did not change in a dose-dependent manner. This results were suggested that MJSE significantly increased rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter. The MJSE-induced increase in rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (10 ${\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and was not changed by indomethacin (1 ${\mu}g/kg$, i.p.), an inhibitro of cyclooxygenase. The MJSE-was not changed MABP was decreased by pretreatment with indomethacin but was not changed by methylene blue. This results were suggested that the mechanism of MJSE was mediated by guanylate cyclase.