• 한국노년학
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1003-1024
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• 2016

The human rights of older people have gotten more attention recently in South Korea, a country that is in transition to a super-aged society. This study aimed to systematically review studies on elder abuse and related factors among community-dwelling older adults in South Korea over twenty years (1994-2016). We searched major databases (Riss, DBpia, KISS, KMbase, and PubMed) and identified published studies relevant to the topic. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria related to study quality, a total of 31 studies were selected for this review. We examined types, measurements, and risk factors of elder abuse as well as study designs in the selected studies, guided by Johannesen's theoretical framework on elder abuse. All of the reviewed studies on elder abuse in Korea were cross-sectional studies, most of which focused on older people living in urban areas, using a non-random sampling method. All of the studies focused on certain types of elder abuse only. Some adopted elder-abuse instruments that were not validated, and others used self-developed instruments without psychometric tests. As for the risk factors of elder abuse in South Korea, the physical and mental health of the victims and aggressors impacted the risk of elder abuse, but general sociodemographic factors such as age, sex, and education were less likely to be related to the risk. In addition, decreasing caregiver burden and building elder-friendly communities are important for the prevention of elder abuse. Needed are further empirical studies on elder abuse with a theoretical framework that gives consideration to the unique sociocultural contexts of Korea. It is also recommended to develop instruments to measure elder abuse reflecting the sociocultural contexts of Korea, and to examine the multi-dimensional risk factors of elder abuse.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.835-852
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effects of social support on material hardship of low-income elderly people that have been excluded from the National Basic Livelihood Security System. For this research, data of 255 persons aged 65 and over were collected using a survey conducted in 2014 by the National Human Rights Commission of Korea on the minimum living cost of low-income household. Data analysis was performed through descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis with STATA13. According to the results, the average level of material hardship in low-income elderly people was 1.45 out of 6, with the most hardship shown in heating and health care. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that when low-income elderly people became excluded from the system, they suffered more than the recipients. They also showed that the social support system of low-income elderly people brought a negative impact on their material hardship when they were connected by the strong social support system. In other words, social support system reduced their material hardship caused by exclusion. Based on the results, this study suggests some practical and political means to reduce material hardship of low-income elderly people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.389-397
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• 2018

Modern countries have almost ratified the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities and are creating environments to prevent discrimination against these individuals. In 1996, the International Maritime Organization presented a recommendation for the design and operation of passenger ships to respond to elderly and disabled persons' needs. In Korea, an act on the promotion of transportation convenience for mobility disadvantaged persons has been implemented, and facilities for the disabled have been rapidly installed in ships, vehicles, aircraft, railways and passenger terminals. However, the maritime transport environment is less concerned about disabled persons than safety. In this study, basic research was conducted to improve the maritime transport environment for disabled people in Korea through a field survey and literature survey. As a result, it was found that relevant laws and regulations have not been properly applied to excursion ships and ferries as well as small-scale ports, which are responsible for a large part of coastal passenger transportation. In addition to low installation rates of facilities for the transportation of persons with disabilities in ships and terminals, loose equipment was also considered. Therefore, it is necessary to protect the human rights of persons with disabilities, which are universal values of humanity, by complementing laws and introducing improved facilities.

• 한국노년학
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.497-516
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• 2017

This study explored the meaning and essential structure of the life of 12 older wage earners who are 65 years old or older residing in Seoul. For the in-depth analysis of the qualitative interviews, Giorgi(2012)'s phenomenological research method was used. Results presented a total of 349 meaning units, 35 core meanings, 16 emerging themes, and 6 essential themes. These essential themes consisted of a life tolerating contempt and prejudice, the hungry belly in the later years, a yoke of the subordinate, an unclimbable vertical wall, reviving the hours of youth through working, and labor pride. These six essential themes led to the essential structure of'small happiness that is felt at times out of the weary working life in later years. The research participants felt worn out by the social discrimination and unfair working conditions against older wage earners, but they felt relieved that they were able to work in old age and had a sense of self-esteem through their work. Working was the important tools for older wage earners to experience happiness in later years because it not only relieved their financial burden but also brought a sense of self-esteem and labor pride. Based on the results, we suggested as following: 1) with respect to social discrimination and unfair working conditions against older workers, the whole society should discuss it as the protection of human rights and take legal actions; 2) various service jobs need to be created so that older workers can contribute to the society by utilizing their experiences; and 3) educational programs of computer or internet use must be expanded through which older wage earners can improve their job skills.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.311-324
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• 2023

Background: Long-term care insurance for the elderly has been stably established along with the quantitative expansion of long-term care facilities. Indeed, the need for a paradigm about human rights-based service approach is being raised throughout society from a service perspective. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the association between elderly human rights awareness and quality of service by considering human rights education as a moderate variable. Methods: This study conducted surveys with 138 caregivers working in long-term care facilities located in Seoul and Gangwon. General characteristics, awareness of human rights, and the level of service quality were examined using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, and correlation analysis. And multi-variable linear regression with a hierarchical framework was employed. These analyses were performed using IBM SPSS ver. 25.0. Results: Of the 138 caregivers, 97.1% were female, 87.7% were more than 50 years old, and most of their education level was high-school graduates. Their length of employment ranged from more than 5 years to less than 10 years. The level of awareness regarding elderly human rights of the elderly was below normal (mean=2.21), but the quality of service was high (mean=4.21), and the need for human rights education was also high (mean=4.28). Among the general characteristics, the length of employment was significantly associated with awareness of elderly human rights. Moreover, political rights awareness, included as sub-domains of human rights, was positively associated with quality of service. However, the moderating variable, human rights education, was not significantly associated with the quality of service. Conclusion: In this study, human rights education, as a moderating variable, did not have a statistically significant effect on caregivers' human rights awareness in relation to service quality. This finding is inconsistent with previous research results. These results can be explained by the fact that the frequency of education in long-term care facilities was a significant factor in the practice of protecting the human rights of the elderly. Therefore ongoing encouragement for the frequency of current human rights education and improvements in the educational approach appear to be necessary. In addition, these findings reveal the need for strength of education policies and effective in-depth research about human rights and quality of service to respect the human rights of the elderly.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.495-504
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was conducted to investigate the perception and attitude toward physical restraints among elderly care workers. The subjects were 153 care workers who are working at elderly care facilities within the regions. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The mean score of the perception for physical restraints was 2.83 out of 5, and the mean score of the attitude for the physical restraints was 3.56 out of 5. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the perception and attitude about physical restraints (r=.31, p<.001). This research has confirmed that it is necessary for care workers to have education about low score items of recognition and attitude about physical restraints. Therefore, we need to develop proper and efficient educational program about use method for physical restraints, and need to develop guideline for adopting physical restraints. Also, we should make efforts and attentions to reduce or abolish physical restraints in order to protect the elderly human rights.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.19-31
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• 2023

The importance of barrier free is being highlighted worldwide. This study attempted to identify barrier-free research trends using text mining. Through this, it was intended to help with research and policies to create a barrier free environment. The analysis data is 227 papers published in domestic academic journals from 1996 when barrier free research began to 2022. The researcher converted the title, keywords, and abstract of an academic thesis into text, and then analyzed the pattern of the thesis and the meaning of the data. The summary of the research results is as follows. First, barrier-free research began to increase after 2009, with an annual average of 17.1 papers being published. This is related to the implementation guidelines for the barrier-free certification system that took effect on July 15, 2008. Second, results of barrier-free text mining i) As a result of word frequency analysis of top keywords, important keywords such as barrier free, disabled, design, universal design, access, elderly, certification, improvement, evaluation, and space, facility, and environment were searched. ii) As a result of TD-IDF analysis, the main keywords were universal design, design, certification, house, access, elderly, installation, disabled, park, evaluation, architecture, and space. iii) As a result of N-Ggam analysis, barrier free+certification, barrier free+design, barrier free+barrier free, elderly+disabled, disabled+elderly, disabled+convenience facilities, the disabled+the elderly, society+the elderly, convenience facilities+installation, certification+evaluation index, physical+environment, life+quality, etc. appeared in a related language. Third, as a result of the CONCOR analysis, cluster 1 was barrier-free issues and challenges, cluster 2 was universal design and space utilization, cluster 3 was Improving Accessibility for the Disabled, and cluster 4 was barrier free certification and evaluation. Based on the analysis results, this study presented policy implications for vitalizing barrier-free research and establishing a desirable barrier free environment.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.25
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• pp.315-332
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• 2009

This research shows that Mozi setting forth a military thoughts will be discussed and lighted up in modern value. Mozi's theory on a military was formed in order to protect weak people from the strong in the basis of his philosophy of not attacking. It is different from the art of war for attack. There are some merits in Mozi's strategy of war that we have to take notice of. First of all, Mozi indicated that married women, the old and children was provided with specific roles in the war times. Especially, married women' parts will be equal to men. The old and children should usually be respected for the government to offer them important roles in the war time. Therefore, this paper will be showed in the respect of Mozi's thoughts that is considered as human being's fundamental rights in terms of ensuring the weak's rights. Furthermore, Mozi's theories on technology from loving the civil was applied to defensive fight and his advanced arms was arranged in the actual fight. However, his arms could be useful to the only defensive fight. This case was reflected as Mojia's theories that science is sincerely useful toward the civil. There will be some small or large wars in the future. Mozi's theories based on a military peaceful thoughts that everyone ought to be loved without discrimination should be highly valued when all wars will take place for the purpose of their own profits.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.6 no.3 s.25
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• pp.61-71
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• 2005

The number of domestic foreign worker increased rapidly In the 90s, and Domestic foreigner worker occupied important position in the various manufacturing industries or 3D types of business. In these situation, Government had kept policy that import foreigner worker through system for industrial technology trainee. Distinction and outrage about foreign worker who have ambiguous social position made many place of business seceders. At August,2004 a new introduced employment permit system has great significance that has fundamentally and drastically changed current foreign immigrant policy from the basis. Introduction of Employment permit system is expected to affect much effects to construction industry as well as manufacturing industry and service industry. In this research, with foreign worker and information of employment permit system investigated personnel expenses, work quality and attitude, labor power supply and demand, communication to affect in construction field at employment permit system through questionnaire with field administrators. This research will remove a side effect in construction industry through administrators' awareness and wish to present confrontation way.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.389-399
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• 2020

Diverse official policies in community are available for caregivers to take care of the elderly in the US and the UK. This study aims to examine the recent changes in government supports based on The Recognize, Assist, Include Support and Engage (RAISE) in the US, and those by Carer Act 2014 in the UK, to take any good lessons for Korean policy. Caregivers will play a new role to develop innovative treatment for patient-centered care. The UK strengthens to provide various efforts for working carers while assuring economic efficiency in labor market with empirical evidence. The major four ways to support carers were developed agreed with the acknowledge of caregiving value and their human right; financial support, direct services for carers, flexible work time, and advocacy. Korean supports policies for carers in long-term care and social welfare will be more effective in community care system if more evidence based policies are prepared.