• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.2216-2222
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• 2014

A recent trend of increasing container traffic volume using reefer container demands continuous management of reefer container in transit. However, reefer containers can only be monitored at terminal or in ship during marine transportation instead of throughout entire section. In the case of inland transportation section using truck or train, monitoring is not possible currently. The reason is because the reefer container monitoring method using PCT recommended by IMO and conventional monitoring methods using TCP/IP, RFID communication require establishing additional communication infrastructure. This paper will propose a new reefer container control device that not only solves these problems and monitors during inland transportation section but also controls reefer container. Using data port attached to every reefer container, the proposed device collects the information of reefer container and using M2M communication technology, it transmits information to server without the need to establish additional communication infrastructure. In addition, it can control the operational status of reefer container upon receiving control information set in server such as temperature of reefer container.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.10
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• pp.803-810
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• 2012

Since the introduction of reefer container for seaborne transportation, international trade of reefer products has increased continuously with the development of refrigerate technology, increased speed of the ship and change of consumption pattern. Reefer cargo is perishable and sensitive to temperature, humidity compared with general cargo and normally reefer cargo is more valuable than general cargo. Therefore it needs special care for its handling in transit including land and sea in order to prevent cargo damage. However, lots of claims relating to reefer cargo damage rise frequently in workplace. It may increase unnecessary logistic cost and time. The aim of this study is to improve and prevent damage to reefer container cargo in transit for the purpose of benefits to both merchants and carriers to save unnecessary logistic cost and time as well as to contribute to deliver the cargo more safely and efficiently to destination.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.2093-2099
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• 2015

To prevent damage to the cargo, monitoring and remote management for reefer containers is necessary. The currently used remote monitoring service is the Power Cable Transmission(PCT) system, which is recommended by the International Maritime Organization(IMO). However, this system is not widely used because it requires a separate PCT infrastructure and is susceptible to data loss problems. To solve this problem, this study introduces the "IoT-based reefer container management system", The proposed system which is attached to reefer container collects and transmits data on the temperature, status and location of reefer container to middleware using RS-232 communication and WCDMA/GSM communication. Middleware is store the data received in the database and provide information to user in real time through the web and mobile program. At this time, users able to change setting temperature in real time from a distant place through the web program. This study tested by transit about shipment of strawberries to monitor and analyze and check the system's overall effectiveness.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.83-90
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• 2023

In a reefer container, temperature deviation occurs between the front of the loading part with the refrigerator and the rear of the loading part with the container door due to the external environment. In particular, this temperature deviation in the transport of fresh cargo has a great influence on the freshness of the cargo. In this study, we propose a method to minimize the temperature deviation by partially shielding the T-Floor to reduce the temperature deviation and evaluating the effect of the T-Floor shielding rate on the temperature change of the reefer container loading part. The subject of the experiment was a 40 feet smart reefer container, and the T-Floor shielding rates were set to 0%, 50%, 60%, 70%, and 80%. As a result of the experiment, it occurred differently in the temperature deviation of the reefer container loading part according to the shielding rate, and it was confirmed that the temperature deviation was the most uniform when the shielding rate was 60%. By minimizing the temperature deviation of the loading part, it is possible to prevent corruption and cold damage of cargo during transportation of fresh cargo by using the smart reefer container.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-39
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• 2005

As developing satellite communication, the tracking range of the moving objects which move in local area is expanded to the whole world. However previous logistics management system is able to monitor freight which transporting in local area using mobile communication system. In this paper, we propose the reefer container management system that manages the location information and other related information such as temperature, humidity of container using the satellite system. The proposed system consists of three parts; data collector, satellite communication manager, reefer container information manager. And the proposed system uses the moving object index for managing the trajectory of container and tracing the location of container or vessel that is transporting the container, and supports various services such as reefer container and vessel tracking, container control and container statistics to logistic companies like shipper and forwarding agent. And the system can be increasing the quality of container transportation service to the shipper, and it makes the efficient management of reefer container to the shipping company.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.321-326
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• 2007

The contents of reef container face a risk of being damaged if the interior temperature and certain maintenance conditions for the shipments cannot be met. Currently, the temperature and other conditions within a reefer container is checked manually and periodically by someone in charge of it. Since it means that there is no real-time checking of the conditions, if something goes wrong, there is no immediate means of correcting the problem. This paper introduces reefer container monitoring system, that checks interior temperature of container on real-time by sensor nodes attaching reefer container using wireless sensor network. It senses the temperature, amount of light, motion and the change in speed of the objects that distributes sensors throughout the desired places and sends the data wirelessly to anyone interested. Because the prosed technique can check the temperature and other conditions within a reefer container on real-time basis, it enables efficient and effective maintenance of temperature and other conditions

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

The failure of the reefer container causes a great loss of cost, but the current reefer container alarm system is inefficient. Existing studies using simulation data of refrigeration systems exist, but studies using actual operation data of refrigeration containers are lacking. Therefore, this study classified the causes of failure using actual refrigerated container operation data. Data imbalance occurred in the actual data, and the data imbalance problem was solved by comparing the logistic regression analysis with ENN-SMOTE and class weight with the 2-stage algorithm developed in this study. The 2-stage algorithm uses XGboost, LGBoost, and DNN to classify faults and normalities in the first step, and to classify the causes of faults in the second step. The model using LGBoost in the 2-stage algorithm was the best with 99.16% accuracy. This study proposes a final model using a two-stage algorithm to solve data imbalance, which is thought to be applicable to other industries.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.2380-2386
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• 2017

Fresh agricultural product in Korea are currently being exported overseas through expensive air transportation, supported by the governments's farm export subsidies. However all members of the World Trade Organization(WTO) must halt government subsidies by 2023. Accordingly, it is necessary to use marine transport capable of carrying freight at low cost. Reefer containers are used for marine transportation of fresh produce but it have a problem due to the temperature difference inside the reefer container which causes of fresh cargo and drop in freshness during sea transportation. In order to solve the problem, we developed a temperature control algorithm for reefer container that maintain a constant temperature and minimizes the deviation inside reefer container. The result showed that the maintained a constant temperature within a maximum of $0.5^{\circ}C$ based on the set-point of $4.0^{\circ}C$ inside reefer container.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06d
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• pp.393-396
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• 2010

웰빙문화의 확산으로 안전한 식자재에 대한 소비자의 욕구가 대두되면서 온도와 습도 등의 환경 인자에 민감한 식자재, 의약품, 혈액 등의 물류 유통 상의 신선하고 안전한 환경을 제공할 수 있도록 냉동/냉장 이동 컨테이너 안의 온도와 습도 등의 환경 상태 등을 관리하기 위한 센서 네트워크를 적용한 냉동/냉장 컨테이너의 관리 기법을 연구한다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

This study analyzed the actual frozen container operation data of Starcool provided by H Shipping. Through interviews with H's field experts, only Critical and Fatal Alarms among the four failure alarms were defined as failures, and it was confirmed that using all variables due to the nature of frozen containers resulted in cost inefficiency. Therefore, this study proposes a method for detecting failure of frozen containers through characteristic importance and PCA techniques. To improve the performance of the model, we select variables based on feature importance through tree series models such as XGBoost and LGBoost, and use PCA to reduce the dimension of the entire variables for each model. The boosting-based XGBoost and LGBoost techniques showed that the results of the model proposed in this study improved the reproduction rate by 0.36 and 0.39 respectively compared to the results of supervised learning using all 62 variables.