• 대한원격탐사학회지
• /
• 제38권6_1호
• /
• pp.1395-1406
• /
• 2022

본 연구는 대구 국채보상운동기념 공원 일대를 대상으로 수목이 주변 흐름과 기온에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 위하여, 전산유체역학(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 모델에 수목의 항력 효과와 냉각 효과를 반영하였고 현장 측정 결과와 비교하였다. 기상 유입 경계 조건은 기상청 국지예보모델(local data assimilation and prediction system, LDAPS) 자료를 사용하였다. 수목 유무에 따른 대기 흐름과 기온 분포를 조사하기 위하여, 수목이 존재하는 현재 상태와 수목이 존재하지 않는다고 가정한 상황에 대하여 수치 실험을 수행하였다. 수목이 없는 경우, 공원 내부에서는 장애물 영향이 작아 강한 풍속과 단조로운 흐름이 형성되었다. 기온은 풍속에 반비례하여 풍속이 강한(약한) 지역에서는 낮게(높게) 모의되었다. 반면, 수목이 존재하는 경우, 수목 항력(냉각) 효과는 식재 밀도가 높은 공원 내부의 풍속(기온)을 40 (5)% 이상 감소시켰고 공원 외부 지역까지 영향을 미쳤다. 또한 공원 내부에는 매우 복잡한 흐름이 형성된다. 도로변 근처에서도 가로수에 의해 풍속과 기온이 전체적으로 감소하지만, 수목에 의한 흐름 패턴 변화로 인해 오히려 풍속과 기온이 증가하는 지역도 발생했다. 수목 냉각 효과에 의한 기온 감소는 주간에는 4-6%였지만, 야간에는 1% 미만으로 미비했다. 수목 항력 효과에 의한 풍속 감소는 주·야간 모두 40% 이상 크게 나타났다.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제32권5호
• /
• pp.435-444
• /
• 1999

현동 안티모니 광상능 소백산 육괴의 북동부 지역에 위치하며, 선캠브리아기 변성암류(주로 화강암질 편마암)에 발달하는 단층 열극을 단층 열극을 충진한 석영+탄산염 광맥 및 망상맥으로 산츨된다. 광맥 인접부에는 견운모화 및 규화 작용으로 특징되는 열수 변질대가 발달된다. 변질대 견운모의 K-Ar 연령은 139.2$\pm$4.4 Ma로서 백악기초의 광화 시기를 나타내는데, 광화작용은 산성 암맥(주로 석영 반암)의 관입과 관련되었으리라 사료된다. 열수 광화작용은 5회에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 광화1기에는 옥수질 석영이 침전되었다. 광화 2기에는 천금속(base-metal) 황화 광물 및 휘안석을 수반한 석영맥이 형성되었다. 광화 3기에는 휘안석, 농홍은석, 버티어라이트, 자연 안티모드, 구드문다이트, 울마나이트 등 다양한 함안티모니 광물이 석영 및 탄산염 광물(방해석, 돌로마이트, 앵커나이트, 능망간석)에 수반되어 정출되었다. 광화 4기에는 휘안석을 수반한 방해석이, 그리고 광화 5기에는 barren한 방해석이 침전되었다. 안티모니느 광화 2기에소 4기에 걸쳐 주로 휘안석으로 산출되며, 산점상, 세맥상 및 조립질 자형 결정 등 다양한 형태를 갖는다. 유체 포유물 연구에 의하면, 열수 광화작용은 $\leq$ 5.3wt % NaCl 상당 염농도의 유체로부터 120~$330^{\circ}C$의 온도에서진행되었다. 광화 유체의 온도 및 염농도는 광화작용의 진행과 더불어 점진적으로 감소하였는데, 이는 열수계 내로 다량의 순환 강우가 유입되었음을 지시한다. 함안티모니 광물의 침전은 비교적 저온(<$250^{\circ}C$)에서 주로 유체의 냉각 및 휘석 작용에 의해 진행되었다. 광화 2기 초기에는 인지되는 유체의 비등현상에 의하여, 광화적용의 압력에 의하여, 광화작용의 압력은 비교적 낮았음(정수압 조건에서 약 350m의 심도에 해당하는 약 80 bar)을 알 수 있다. 광석광물의 조합에 대한 열역학적 고찰 결과, 안티모니 침전은 열수 유체의 온도 및 유황 분압의 감소에 기안하였다. 광화 유체의 활동위원소 조성($\delta^{34}S_{\Sigma s}$)은 5.4~7.8$\textperthousand$이었으며, 이는 화성 기원을 지시한다.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회B
• /
• pp.1920-1925
• /
• 2007

A transformer is a device that changes the current and voltage by electricity induced between coil and core steel, and it is composed of metals and insulating materials. In the core of the transformer, the thermal load is generated by electric loss and the high temperature can make the break of insulating. So we must cool down the temperature of transformer by external radiators. According to cooling fan's usage, there are two cooling types, OA(Oil Natural Air Natural) and FA(Oil Natural Air Forced). For this study, we used Fluent 6.2 and analyzed the cooling characteristic of radiator. we calculated 1-fin of detail modeling that is similar to honeycomb structure and multi-fin(18-fin) calculation for OA and FA types. For the sensitivity study, we have different positions(side, under) of cooling fans for forced convection of FA type. The calculation results were compared with the measurement data which obtained from 135.45/69kV ultra transformer flowrate and temperature test. The aim of the study is to assess the Fluent code prediction on the radiator calculation and to use the data for optimizing transformer radiator design.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집D
• /
• pp.528-533
• /
• 2001

An experimental study is carried out to investigate the effects of air and water mass flow rates on cooling characteristics of mist impinging jet on a flat plate. Experiments are conducted with air mass flow rates from 0.0 to 3.0 g/s, and water mass flow rates from 5.0 to 20.0 g/s. An air-atomizing nozzle is used for the purpose of controlling air and water mass flow rates. In this study, a new test section is designed to obtain local heat transfer coefficient distributions. Heat transfer characteristics of the mist impinging jet are explained with the aid of flow visualization. Surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient distributions become more uniform as air mass flow rate increases, and that the increases in water flow rate mainly enhance cooling performance. Air mass flow rate weakly influences averaged heat transfer coefficient when water mass flow rate is low, but averaged heat transfer coefficient increases remarkably as air mass flow rate in case of high water mass flow rate.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2011

This paper deals with engine room layout design optimization of fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV), which has been proposed as a potential alternative to fossil fuel depletion. Investing the great R&D efforts, the global vehicle manufacturers, especially Honda motor corporate, have shown not prototype vehicle but commercial vehicle using fuel cell in the market recently. In this paper, we analyze cooling performance and flow characteristic in the engine room of newly FCEV, in addition we suggest the optimization process for engine room layout design optimization. The two radiators in the vehicle for fuel cell stack and electronic components cooling have been analyzed and their performance are obtained in terms of cooling performance ratio (CPR). The value of CPR should always be less than one and based on criteria, we have achieved the optimum cooling performance of radiators for stack and electronic components. Aerodynamic performance is evaluated in terms of drag coefficient, improved through underbody modification using air devices.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2014

Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) system improves the fuel economy of hybrid electric vehicles by using idle stop and go function, and regenerative braking system. To obtain the high performance and durability of ISG motor under continuously high load condition, the motor needs to properly design the cooling system (cooling fan and cooling structure). In this study, we suggested the enhanced design by modifying the thermal design of the ISG motor and then analyzed the improvement of the cooling performance under high-speed condition and generating mode by CFD simulation. The temperatures at the coil and the magnet of the enhanced model were decreased by about $4^{\circ}C$ and $6^{\circ}C$, respectively, compared to those of the conventional model. Therefore, we verified the cooling performance enhancement of the novel thermal design in the case of core loss increment due to the higher speed condition.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.136-142
• /
• 2008

Thermal management of a junction box of a passenger car has recently become more challenging due to its smaller size and larger current capacity. Thus, it is essential to perform the thermal optimization of a junction box in its design on an early stage of vehicle design. In this study, 3 dimensional CFD simulation with experimental measurement has been done to study for better thermal management of the junction box. First, the study of thermal characteristics of electric relays in the junction box has revealed that each surface of the relay has very different thermal resistance. In addition, an idea to install a cooling fan on the junction box has been studied and it was found that the forced cooling method was not effective on the system to keep the thermal resistance to the reasonable level of the junction box. Finally, the effect of external flows around the junction box on the temperatures of the relays, fuses, etc. has been studied and the result shows that the installation of the junction box at the proper place in an engine room can avoid any unnecessary overdesign in thermal management.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.178-185
• /
• 2016

This study describes the analysis of a 20 MW chilled water plant used for the IT cooling of a recently constructed data center in Korea. The CFD model was developed with the aim of evaluating the impact of problems such as chiller failure on the water and air temperatures in the cooling system. The numerical model includes the chilled water hydraulic network and individual water-to-air CRAC units. The coupling between the IT server room air temperature levels and the cooling plant has enabled a full assessment of the cooling system design in response to system fault conditions to be performed. The paper examines an emergency situation involving the failure of the cooling plant, and shows how the inherent thermal inertia of the system along with additional inertia achieved through buffer systems allowed a suitable design to be achieved.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.352-359
• /
• 2009

KEPRI is developing a Korean type coal-gasification system and the scale is 20 ton/day. Prior to this pilot plant, a 1 ton/day class gasification system will be used for pre-testing of several coal types. This paper introduces the configuration and design conditions of this 1 ton/day class system, presenting the gas/coal ratio, oxygen/coal ratio, cold gas efficiency, CFD analysis of gasifier, and others. The existing combustion furnace for residual oil was retrofitted as a coal gasifier and a vertical and down-flow type burner was manufactured. Ash removal is carried out through a water quencher and a scrubber following the quencher, and the sulfur is removed by adsorption in the activated carbon tower. The gas produced from the gasifier is burned at the flare stack. In this paper, the results of design conditions and initial operation conditions of I ton/day gasification system are compared together.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제27권4호
• /
• pp.511-517
• /
• 2003

An experiment is conducted to investigate the effect of air and water mass flow rates on cooling characteristics of mist impinging jet on a flat plate. The air mass flow rate ranges from 0.0 to 3.0 g/s, and water mass flow rates from 5.0 to 20.0 g/s. An air-atomizing nozzle is used fur the purpose of controlling air and water mass flow rates. The test section is designed distinctively from previous works to obtain local heat transfer coefficient distributions. Heat transfer characteristics of the mist impinging jet are explained with the aid of flow visualization. Surface temperature and heat transfer coefficient distributions become more uniform as air mass flow rate increases. The water flow rate provides substantial contribution to enhancement of cooling performance. On the other hand, The air mass flow rate weakly influences the averaged heat transfer rate when the water mass flow rate is low, but the averaged heat transfer rate Increases remarkably with the air mass flow rate in case of the high water mass flow rate.