• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.296-298
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• 2009

Cephalanthera erecta var. oblanceolata N. Pearce & P. J. Cribb (Orchidaceae), previously known only from Bhutan, was first recorded in the lowland of Gyeonggi-do, Whaseong-shi, Seosin-myeon. This taxon is distinguished from Cephalanthera erecta by characteristics such as oblanceolate dorsal sepal and lateral petals, lanceolate lateral sepals, and simple, oblanceolate lip without spur. The vernacular name was newly given as 'Min-eun-nan-cho', based on the lip without spur. The morphological characteristics and illustrations of the taxon are provided along with its photograph.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.229-232
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• 2009

Nervilia nipponica Makino (Orchidaceae), a genus and species previously unrecorded for the Korean flora, was collected in the deciduous forests of Mt. Halla, Jeju Island. This species was known to be distributed mainly from tropical to subtropical regions of Taiwan and Japan. Genus Nervilia is distinguished from other genera of tribe Nervilieae (Orchidaceae) by having only a single, plicate leaf which develops and senesces before flowering shoots appear, stems unbranched, two pollinia, and sometimes lacking a viscidium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2005

External morphology focusing on the flower structure of Korean Platanthera was examined. The genus Tulotis was included to the genus Plathanthera as previously suggested by many workers, because the diagnostic character to distinguish the two genera was not distinct enough. It is revealed that the taxon previously recognized as P. metabifolia was the misidentification of P. chlorantha and P. neglecta should be treated as a distinct species from P. mandarinorum. In result, Korean Platanthera were rearranged into 8 species; P. chlorantha, P. mandarinorum, P. neglecta, P. hologlottis, P. japonica, P. ophrydioides, P. ussuriensis, and P. fuscescens. A key to the species of Korean Plathanthera and taxonomic discussion of each species were provided.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.427-435
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• 2018

In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from the surface-sterilized roots of Calanthe discolor and Cephalanthera longibracteata collected from the Chungnam, Jeju, Kyungnam and Chungbuk provinces in Korea. The morphological characteristics of the obtained isolates were examined and their sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region were analyzed using the ITS1F and ITS4 primers for species identification. Leptodontidium orchidcola showed the highest species abundance and frequency among the isolated endophytic fungi. Additionally, the community analysis revealed a high specificity between the host plants and the endophytic fungal species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1239-1244
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• 2009

This study was conducted to clarify the genetic relationship between Calanthe discolor, C. sieboldii and variants, and the cause of flower color variations by using a molecular linkage map and a quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for flower and lip color in Calanthe species native to Korea. Twenty plants were included in three C. discolor and three C. sieboldii, and fourteen variants were obtained from their habitat, Jeju-do in Korea. The flowers of C. discolor were brownish red, the values of Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage (CIE) Lab were between 40 and 50. The flowers of C. sieboldii were yellowish, the values of CIE Lab were between 110 and 130. The variants had various mixed colors that were thought to have originated from natural hybridization between C. discolor and C. sieboldii, and the values of CIE Lab were between 50 and 70. The colors of the lips were usually divided into white and yellow. C. discolor had a white lip, C. sieboldii had a yellow one, and the variants had a white to yellow one. The CIE Lab value of each color was 90 in white and 110 to 120 in yellow lips. A molecular linkage mapping was constructed based on the segregation of 154 RAPD markers using a MAPL program. Sixteen linkage groups containing 66 markers were established. It covered a total map distance of 220.4 cM. The distance between adjacent markers ranged from 0 to 6.6 cM, with an average distance of 3.3 cM. These markers are thought to be closely associated with flower and lip color expression. Among the 16 molecular linkage groups, 3 QTLs had flower color trait loci and 1 QTL had lip color trait loci.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.353-361
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• 2015

Spatio-temporal variation in fruit set in orchids would affect long-term population viability and will influence genetic diversity over many generations. The aim of this study was to examine the breeding system of the nectariferous terrestrial orchid Epipactis thunbergii, to specifically determine levels of fruit set in terms of time and space under natural conditions. We examined pollination under natural conditions and conducted hand pollination experiments during a 2-year survey in four populations located along 1.5 km of coastal line in Jinguiri (rual village) [Jeollanam-do (province), southern Korea]. We found that, over a 2-year period, levels of percentage of fruit set were similar within patches of the four populations. By contrast, we detected significant differences in the percentage of fruit set among patches. We also found that plants with larger inflorescence size produced significantly more fruits than plants with fewer flowers. Over a 2-year period, the percentage of fruit set for E. thunbergii was similar but low (14.1%) compared to that averaged for eighty-four rewarding species (37.1%). However, an increase in fruit set was achieved by hand-pollinations: artificial self-pollination (90.5-95.2%), artificial geitonogamy (94.7-95.0%), and cross-pollination (artificial xenogamy, 91.3-91.4%). No emasculated flowers produced fruits and no automatic pollination was found in E. thunbergii. Our findings suggest that E. thunbergii is a self-compatible terrestrial orchid that depends on pollinators (insects) to achieve fruit set in natural habitats, and that local environmental conditions were similar over a period of 2 years in the study area. Our results also highlight the cryptic variation of fruit production in time, but more pronounced variability in space.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.881-886
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• 2016

Cephalanthera erecta (Thunb. ex, Murray) is an herbaceous and a member of the genus Cephalanthera in the family Orchidaceae. The species is an herbaceous and has reputed Chinese medicinal value. It has been investigated the population density and spatial distribution of this species at Mt. Ahop in Korea during 2015. The spatial pattern of C. erecta was analyzed according to several patchiness indexes, population uniformity or aggregation under different sizes of plots by dispersion indices, and spatial autocorrelation. The mean crowding (M*) and patchiness index (PAI) showed positive values except one small plot (2 m × 2 m). Most natural individuals of C. erecta for plots were not uniformly distributed in the forest community. The small plots (2 m × 2 m, to 8 m × 16 m) of C. erecta were uniformly distributed in the forest community and large plots (16 m × 16 m and 16 m × 32 m) were aggregately distributed. Significant aggregations by Moran's I of C. erecta were partially observed within IV classes (12 m). Dissimilarity among pairs of individuals could found by more than 18.0 m. In conclusion, the geographic distribution of C. erecta is not even with varying degrees of size of plots and human activities give rise to density effects in the plots at Mt. Ahop in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-194
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• 1998

The experiment was tried to identify culture media which was suitable for seed germination and seedling growth of wild orchids, Calanthe discolor and Habenaria radiata. When seeds of Calanthe discolor, which was treated with ultrasonics for 30 minutes, were sowed in Murashige and SKoog(MS) medium, germination was much more promoted than other treatments. Seedling of C. discolor grew more rapidly in 3g/L Hyponex and 2g/L tryptone(H$_3$T$_2$) medium and 3g/L Hyponex and 2g/L peptone(H$_3$P$_2$) medium, especially in H$_3$P$_4$ medium among those media, pseudobulb became more corpulent. Habenaria radiata, whose tubers were obtained from seedlings, were sprouted more vigorously in 3g/L Hyponex and 1g/L peptone(H$_3$P$_1$) medium and 1g/L Hyponex and 2g/L peptone(H$_1$P$_2$) medium; but multiplication of tubers, growth of daughter tubers and its corpulence were well established in 1g/L Hyponex and 2g/L peptone(H$_1$P$_2$) medium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2017

The three self-compatible, terrestrial orchids Cephalanthera erecta, C. falcata, and C. longibracteata flower synchronously in sympatric populations. Cephalanthera erecta and C. longibracteata, which have white flowers that do not fully open, are predominantly autogamous, whereas the food-deceptive C. falcata, whose bright yellow flowers open completely, is predominantly outcrossing. The formation of hybrids rarely occurs between species owing to strong prepollination barriers (floral isolation). If these three species have evolved toward the prevention of interspecific hybridization, we can expect that the spatial distribution patterns of the three species would be characterized as spatial segregation (i.e., 'spatial repulsion') from each other. To test this prediction, we studied the three Cephalanthera species in sympatric populations showing coincident flowering within Yeonwhasan Provincial Park (YPP, Gyeongsangnam Province, South Korea). We found strong spatial aggregation in each population and spatial independence in the interspecific spatial distribution, differing from previous studies. We further hypothesize that Cephalanthera species in sympatry within YPP are distributed somewhat randomly in space, perhaps due to the sharing of similar mycorrhizal fungi.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.15
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• pp.17-24
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• 1997

According to the morphological characteristics of leaves, and flowers, including leaf and flower color, 24 horticultural cultivars of Calanthe discolor and C. striata which were collected from Jaeju island of Korea and cultivated at similar environmental conditions in Taegu from 1995 to 1996 were classified newly. Variation ranges were relatively narrow flower shape and leaf. but wide in other characteristics among cultivars.