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http://dx.doi.org/10.11110/kjpt.2015.45.4.353

Spatial and temporal variation on fruit set in Epipactis thunbergii (Orchidaceae) from southern Korea  

Chung, Mi Yoon (Biodiversity Conservation Research Team, Freshwater Biodiversity Research Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources)
Chung, Myong Gi (Department of Biology and the Research Institute of Natural Science, Gyeongsang National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy / v.45, no.4, 2015 , pp. 353-361 More about this Journal
Abstract
Spatio-temporal variation in fruit set in orchids would affect long-term population viability and will influence genetic diversity over many generations. The aim of this study was to examine the breeding system of the nectariferous terrestrial orchid Epipactis thunbergii, to specifically determine levels of fruit set in terms of time and space under natural conditions. We examined pollination under natural conditions and conducted hand pollination experiments during a 2-year survey in four populations located along 1.5 km of coastal line in Jinguiri (rual village) [Jeollanam-do (province), southern Korea]. We found that, over a 2-year period, levels of percentage of fruit set were similar within patches of the four populations. By contrast, we detected significant differences in the percentage of fruit set among patches. We also found that plants with larger inflorescence size produced significantly more fruits than plants with fewer flowers. Over a 2-year period, the percentage of fruit set for E. thunbergii was similar but low (14.1%) compared to that averaged for eighty-four rewarding species (37.1%). However, an increase in fruit set was achieved by hand-pollinations: artificial self-pollination (90.5-95.2%), artificial geitonogamy (94.7-95.0%), and cross-pollination (artificial xenogamy, 91.3-91.4%). No emasculated flowers produced fruits and no automatic pollination was found in E. thunbergii. Our findings suggest that E. thunbergii is a self-compatible terrestrial orchid that depends on pollinators (insects) to achieve fruit set in natural habitats, and that local environmental conditions were similar over a period of 2 years in the study area. Our results also highlight the cryptic variation of fruit production in time, but more pronounced variability in space.
Keywords
breeding system; Epipactis thunbergii; fruit set; pollen limitation; Orchidaceae; spatio-temporal variation;
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