• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 1988

An Investigation of insect pests in rice stored was carried out in Jeonnam region of Korea. The total of 2 class, 7 orders 16 families and 25 species were recorded in Lepidoptera; 8, Coleoptera; 11, Orthoptera; 1, Thysanura 1, blattaria; 2, Hymenoptera; 1 and mites; 2 spe-cies. The important species among them were Sitotroga cerealella, Ephestia cautella, Paral-ipsa gularis, Poldia, in Lepidoptera, and Sitophilus orzae, Oryzaephilus surianmensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Tribolium castaneum, Tenebroides mauritanicus, Attagenus japonicus, in Coleoptera and Blatella germanica, in Blattaria and Acarus siro Petrobia latens, in mites. The duration of maximum occurrence were the late June to mid July for Sitotroga cerealella, the mod July to early August for Oryzaephilus surianmensis the mid July to August for Tribolium castaneum, the early July to late July for Sitophilus orzae, the mid June to early July for Attagenus japonicus the mid June to late Spetember for Blatella germanica and the late April to late May for Acarus siro and Petrobia latens, respectively in investigation, Blatella germanica(Blattaria) which was no problem in stored rice insect till now was mainly distributed a coastal plain and period of occurrence was long amount of occurrence was great. Rice weevil has 4 generations under natural conditions and the peak of 1st perood time was ranged from middle of jun. to last decade of Jun., 2nd period was from the lats decade of Jul. to first decade of Aug., 3rd period was from middle of Sep. to late Sep., 4th period was middle of Oct. to early Nov.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.46-58
• /
• 2024

Pollinators are organisms that carry out the pollination process of plants and include Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera. Among them, bees not only pollinate plants but also improve urban green spaces damaged by land use changes, providing a habitat and food for birds and insects. Today, however, the number of pollinating plants is decreasing due to issues such as early flowering due to climate change, fragmentation of green spaces due to urbanization, and pesticide use, which in turn leads to a decline in bee populations. The decline of bee populations directly translates into problems, such as reduced biodiversity in cities and decreased food production. Urban beekeeping has been proposed as a strategy to address the decline of bee populations. However, there is a problem asurban beekeeping strategies are proposed without considering the complex structure of the socio-ecological system consisting of bees foraging and pollination activities and are therefore unsustainable. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the socio-ecological system of honeybees, which are pollinators, structurally using system thinking and propose a green space planning strategy to revitalize urban beekeeping. For this study, previous studies that centered on the social and ecological system of bees in cities were collected and reviewed to establish the system area and derive the main variables for creating a causal loop diagram. Second, the ecological structure of bees' foraging and pollination activities and the structure of bees' ecological system in the city were analyzed, as was the social-ecological system structure of urban beekeeping by creating an individual causal loop diagram. Finally, the socio-ecological system structure of honey bees was analyzed from a holistic perspective through the creation of an integrated causal loop diagram. Citizen participation programs, local government investment, and the creation of urban parks and green spaces in idle spaces were suggestedas green space planning strategies to revitalize urban beekeeping. The results of this study differ from previous studies in that the ecological structure of bees and the social structure of urban beekeeping were analyzed from a holistic perspective using systems thinking to propose strategies, policy recommendations, and implications for introducing sustainable urban beekeeping.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.295-299
• /
• 2009

Adoxophyes spp. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) are economically important pests of fruit trees in Asia and Europe. The geographical distribution of three Adoxophyes species, A. orana, A. honmai and A. paraorana, in Korea was surveyed using species-specific sex pheromone traps for males in 2006 and 2007. The distribution of A. orana was restricted in the midwestern area, while A. honmai was found mainly in the southern area. In contrast to these two species, A. paraorana was widely distributed. Moreover, A. paraorana coexisted with A. orana in the midwestern area, and with A. honmai in the southern area. The seasonal fluctuation of male catches was monitored with pheromone traps in 2008. In the central regions, males of A. orana and A. paraorana were captured from May to September, with peak numbers in late May, middle July, and late August. A. honmai males were trapped from late April to late September, with peak catches in middle May, late June, early August, and early September in Naju.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an artificial diet for the mugwort looper, Ascotis selenaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), which is an insect pest to leaves of citrus (Citrus unshiu). Corn and soybean powder were selected as main nutrient sources for larvae of A. selenaria after several diets consisted of wheat germ, corn, kidney bean and/or soybean were tested for larval development and survival. A higher amount of the main nutrients in the diet increased the larval survivorship. Addition of yeast and cholesterol in diet increased the larval survivorship. Finally the composition of diet was decided as followings; corn 100 g, soybean 100 g agar 25 g, Brewers' yeast 30 g, cholesterol 0.5 g, Vanderzant vitamin mixture 2 g, Wesson's salt mixture 2 g, sorbic acid 2 g, ascorbic acid 2 g, and methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate 2.5 g, and distilled water 1 liter. Development periods of larvae and pupae, survival rate and fecundity of A. selenaria reared on the diet were not significantly different with those on the host plant, citrus leaves. Larvae of early instars were reared in a group, while larvae of later instars (5-6th) were reared individually. Adult mating was conducted in a plastic cage and an oilpaper covered with a gauze was provided as an oviposition site.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2014

A cecropin-A gene was isolated from the immunized larvae of the Japanese oak silkworm, Antheraea yamamai and designed Ay-CecA. The complete Ay-CecA cDNA consists of 419 nucleotides with 195 bp open reading frame encoding a 64 amino acid precursor that contains a putative 22-residue signal peptide, a 4-residue propetide and a 37-residue mature peptide with a theoretical mass of 4046.81. The deduced amino acid sequence of the peptide evidenced a significant degree of identity (62 ~ 78% identity) with other lepidopteran cecropins. Like many insect cecropin, Ay-CecA also harbored a glycine residue for C-terminal amidation at the C-end, which suggests potential amidation. To understand this peptide better, we successfully expressed bioactive recombinant Ay-CecA in Escherichia coli that are highly sensitive to the mature peptide. For this, we fused mature Ay-CecA gene with insoluble protein ketosteroid isomerase (KSI) gene to avoid the cell death during induction. The fusion KSI-CecA protein was expressed as inclusion body. The expressed fusion protein was purified by Ni-NTA immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC), and cleaved by cyanogen bromide (CNBr) to release recombinant Ay-CecA. The purified recombinant Ay-CecA showed considerably antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, E. cori ML 35, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results proved that this peptide with a potent antibacterial activity may play a role in the immune response of Japanese oak silkworm.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.125-133
• /
• 2015

Entomopathogenic fungi have been studied to develop for biological control agents as an alternative to chemical control agents in insect pest management. Two Lepidopteran insects, Spodoptera exigua and Plutella xylostella, are serious insect pests infested various crops, but not effectively controlled by commercial chemical pesticides due to its high insecticide resistance. A fungal isolate was isolated from S. exigua larvae collected from green onion field in Andong, Korea. To identify the fungal isolate, 18srRNA sequence for internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ${\beta}$-tubulin regions were sequenced. The ITS and ${\beta}$-tubulin sequence were highly matched to Beauveria bassiana and morphological characteristics also was fit to known B. bassiana. Finally, isolated fungus has identified as B. bassiana and named B. bassiana ANU1. The result of bioassay, median lethal concentrations were $2.7{\times}10^3$ and $0.9{\times}10^3conidia/ml$ and medial lethal times were 65.6 and 60.8 h to S. exigua and P. xylostella, respectively. B. bassiana ANU1 showed high pathogenicity to two insect pests from $20^{\circ}C$ to $30^{\circ}C$ at 50% relative humidity (RH) and more than 40% RH at $25^{\circ}C$ with $10^7conidia/ml$ of concentration.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.283-290
• /
• 2008

Baculoviruses have been used to control some serious lepidopteran pests. However, their narrow target insect spectrum and slow efficacy are main limitations to be used in various applications. This study introduces a technique to overcome these limitations by inhibiting insect immune defence to enhance the viral pathogenicity. Polydnaviruses are an insect DNA virus group and symbiotic to some ichneumonid and braconid endoparasitoids. Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) is a braconid polydnavirus and encodes several immunosuppressive genes. We selected seven CpBV genes and recombined them to wild type Autographa California multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV). A bioassay of these seven recombinants indicated that most recombinants had similar or superior efficacy to wild type AcNPV against beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Recombinant AcNPV with CpBV-ELP was the most potent in terms of lethal time by shortening more than 2 days compared to wild type AcNPV. This recombinant was further proved in its dose-dependent pathogenicity and its efficacy by spray application on S. exigua infesting cabbage cultivated in pots. We discussed the efficacy of CpBV-ELP recombinant AcNPV in terms of suppressing antiviral activity of target insects.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.142-147
• /
• 1989

Six plasmids of B. thuringiensis serovar. kurstaki HD73 were detected, with approximate sizes of 7.4, 7.8, 8.1, 11.3, and 75 Kb, as well as a low copied plasmid of similar length to 75 Kb. Partially cured mutants from B. thuringiensis HD73 were obtained either by the treatment of the curing agent, ethidium bromide(0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$) or by spontaneous curing, Acrystalliferous mutants(Cry$^-$) were identified by microscopic observation and immunoblotting with polyclonal antibody against 133 KD deltaendotoxin of HD73. Ten Cry$^-$ mutants were found to be lack of 75 Kb plasmid. These results implicated that this plasmid was associated with delta-endotoxin production, After isolating the mutants, we streaked them on potato dextrose agar, spizizen casamino acid glucose, starch agar, and nutrient agar. Only on starch agar medium did morphologies of Cry$^-$ appear translucent and light greyish. On the other hand, the mutants of B. thuringiensis isolated from Korean soil, designated KBS722, were obtained by the treatment of novobiocin (3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$). Acrystalliferous mutants of KBS722 were less translucent than HD73 mutants' only on nutrient agar medium. Compared the plasmid profile of the mutants with delta-endotoxin production, the results seemed to indicate that the insecticidal protein gene of B. thuringiensis isolates KBS722 located on about 225 Kb plasmid DNA.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.58 no.4
• /
• pp.305-311
• /
• 2019

Artificial interspecific matings between Matsumuraeses phaseoli and M. falcana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were conducted to know the possibility of hybridization of the two sympatric species. Reciprocal crossings successfully produced F1 hybrids. Most of F2 crosses yielded progenies except all mating trials with females of F1 hybrid obtained from M. phaseoli female. Inbreedings of the F2 hybrids produced F3 progenies. In backcrossings between F1 hybrids and parent lines, all the two mating trials with females of F1 hybrid obtained from M. phaseoli females did not produce any progeny, while other 6 backcrosses produced the next generations. Inbreedings of the backcross lines also produced subsequent progenies. These results indicated that F1 females produced from hybridization between M. phaseoli females and M. falcana males were sterile. Conclusively, it suggested that a partial reproductive isolation at a postzygotic stage can occur between the two sympatric species.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.275-279
• /
• 2000

Development of Bracon hebetor Say parasitizing Indianmeal moth (Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) was studied at five temperature conditions (17, 20, 25, 28 and 32$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$) under a photoperiod of 16 : 8 (L : D). Developmental period (mean$\pm$s.e.) of B. hebetor from egg to eclosion decreased from 28.6$\pm$0.50 to 9.3 $\pm$0.09 days and 28.1 $\pm$0.51 to 9.2$\pm$0.09 days for female and male, respectively, as the temperature increased from 17 to $32^{\circ}C$. The combination model provided a good description of the relationship between temperature and development. The low temperature thresholds were estimated to be 14.0, 12.8, 15.1$^{\circ}C$ for development of egg, larva and pupa. The thresholds for normal development (outside of the boundary layer of the development) were 14.0, 17.5, $15.1^{\circ}C$ for egg, larva and pupa, respectively, indicating that the larval stage is more sensitive to the low temperature than the other stages. The results suggested that the present B. hebetor population could be another ecological race adapting to the seasonal temperature conditions of this area.