• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.257-265
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to investigate sexual problem behaviors of high school students in one province, North Cholla. Method: The participants in this research were 951 high school students, grades 1, 2 and 3, chosen at random in big cities, small towns and rural areas of North Cholla Province. Result: The routes for sexual knowledge acquisition were through a peer group or an older member(35.8%), internet(29.8%), classes and the teacher at school(18.8%), multimedia(8.4%) and parents (7.2%). The percentages for domains of sexual problem behaviors were masturbation 36.7%, sexual impulse 35.6%, voyeurism 12.6%, sexual violence 9.6%, transvestism 4.1%, prostitution 3.5%, exhibitionism 3.1%, and pregnancy of a female student 0.6%. Sexual problem behaviors experienced by 30% or more of the students were reported as the experience of the desire to embrace, the desire to kiss, the desire to touch a friend's body of the opposite sex, masturbation and the desire to sleep with a friend of the opposite sex. The biggest sexual problem behaviors for the students were sexual impulses toward friends of the opposite sex and masturbation. These experience rates were higher for boys than for girls(p<.05), higher vocationally than academicly(p<.05), and higher in the largest cities than smaller cities and rural area(p<.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that systematic programs that focus on a problem solution method should be developed for sexual problem behavior prevention.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.67-77
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• 2013

Based on the increasing demand for a solution to reduce thermal load, extensive green roofs have great opportunity for application to existing roofs due to their light-weight and easy maintenance. The present study delivers data regarding thermal behavior and heat reduction potential in relation to vegetation coverage between green roof types. 1) In the hottest hour in a day, green roofs showed considerable potential to mitigate heat load in roof environments, which can be up to $10^{\circ}C$ difference. 2) Compared to conventional cement roofs, the extensive green roofs only have a slight potential to cool the air over green roofs. By statistical analysis of linear regression, green coverage has little to do with the reduction of air temperature; the cooling effect was proven only in nighttime. 3) Green roofs act as an insulating roof membrane, the inner substrate of green roofs remained cooler than cement roof surfaces in the daytime, but in the nighttime the green roofs generally were warmer than the cement roof surfaces. 4) The variable of vegetation coverage resulted in no significant difference in thermal behavior in the air, but had the greatest effect in keeping the substrate cool in the daytime. The high vegetation coverage also hindered the rapid cooling of the substrate in the nighttime, and therefore was warmer than other measured temperatures. In order to draw a clear conclusion to combat urban heat island effect with extensive green roofs, the experiment needs to be applied on a larger scale.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2020

This study is to consider that group art therapy is necessary for the psychological adaptation that children of multicultural families need in the growth process, and discusses the effects of group art therapy. The research results are as follows. First, children from multicultural families were able to express themselves gradually through art work experiences and interactions with researchers, and experienced the objectification, acceptance and resolution of their emotions, thoughts and inner desires through artistic expression. Second, children from multicultural families were newly aware of themselves in an unstructured group art therapy environment that promoted active self-expression, spontaneity, and emotional expression, and gradually experienced an active attitude, that is, recovery of spontaneity. Third, children of multicultural families were able to develop positive self-concept in the process of group art therapy experience. In conclusion, by applying the group art therapy program, children who are experiencing difficulties in the psychological adaptation of children of multicultural families through the unique unique aspects of art therapy can provide a place where they can talk with each other in ways that language alone could not. have.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2007

Purpose: This study is to investigated the eating behavior, physical activities and obesity degree of the adolescents. Methods: The subjects of research were 1,092 third year students in middle school and high school randomly chosen of N city area and L gun area in Chonbuk province. The data was collected by an anonymous questionnaire. A survey tool developed in Ministry of Health and Welfare(2005) was used to investigate eating behavior, physical activities and obesity degree of subjects. The data was analyzed with the SPSSWIN 15.0 Programs. Results: 37.2% of adolescents only had positive eating behavior. 43.4% of adolescents did regular physical exercise, 10.8% did moderate physical exercise, and 43.3% did active physical exercise. 76.6% of adolescents did muscular strength exercise. So, the majority of adolescents were doing physical exercise. The percentage of adolescents who had normal weight range was 90.6%. The percentage of over weight range was 5.2%, which was higher than the percentage of under weight range, 4.2% Conclusion: This study is a descriptive research for investigating the eating bahavior, physical activities and obesity degree of adolescents. The results provided the baseline data for improving eating behavior, and improving physical activities and relieving obesity degree in adolescence. Therefore an effective national policy must study and develope a program to establish the positive eating behavior, and to promote the physical activities, and to prevent the adolescents' obesity.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was designed to develop job description for Korean oncology APNs and assess importance, frequency, and difficulty for each of task elements listed on the job description. Method: Twenty-four oncology APNs or professors working at cancer centers or universities in Korea were enrolled in this study. They were asked to complete the questionnaires about frequencies, importances, and difficulties on the task elements for the APNs which had developed through a DACUM method. Descriptive statistics were produced by using SPSS WIN 10.0. Result: The job description of oncology APNs was identified 5 duties, 44 tasks, and 110 task elements. As for the all five duties, the average scores of the frequency, importance, and difficulty were 2.57, 2.25 and 2.52. And the role of educator was shown as the most important duty of the oncology ANPs, whereas the role of administer was the least. And the role of consultant was the most frequently performed by the oncology APNs. Conclusion: In this study, we could recognize the reality of oncology APNs' performances having wide spectrum from medical to nursing disciplines. For further verifying and improving performance, we need more precisely designed studies with more representative subjects.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.352-361
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop roles and organizational policy of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in an acute hospital setting. Method: The design of the study was to descriptive-exploratory. Sample consisted of 43 participants who included 13 nurses, 18 nurse managers and 12 physicians. Survey, interview and focus group interview were performed to obtain the data. Results: The expected roles of APNs were education and counseling, direct management patient care with advanced skills, research, and collaboration and coordination among several departments. The expected outcomes were patient satisfaction, improved access to care, decreased the rate of complications, and speedy provision of services. Based on research, a proposal of APNs roles and organizational policy in a hospital setting was developed, which included definition of APNs, qualification, roles and specific roles, specialty areas, accountability, recruitment and affiliation, privileges, and expected outcomes. Conclusion: This study gives a guideline on how to introduce and use APNs in acute care tertiary settings.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.88-96
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• 2008

Currently, due to the serious world-wide air pollution by substances emitted from vehicles, emission control is enforced more firmly and it is expected that the regulation requirements for emission will become more severe. A new concept combustion technology that can reduce the NOx and PM in relation to combustion is urgently required. This study used a split injection method at a 4 cylinder common-rail direct injection diesel engine in order to apply the partially premixed charge compression ignition combustion method without significantly altering engine specifications And it is investigated that the effects of the injection ratio and SCV(swirl control valve) to emission characteristics. From these tests, soot(g) and NOx(g) emission could be reduced to 40% and 92% compared to base engine performance at specified engine driving conditions(6 points with weight factors) according to application of split injection and SCV(swirl control valve).

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 1991

The heat shock responses of Campylobacter jejuni were studied by examination of their survival rates and synthesis of heat shocd proteins. When C. jejuni cells were treated at the sublethal temperatures of 48.deg.C for 30 minutes, most of the cells maintained their viabilities and synthesized the heat shock proteins of 90, 73, and 66 kD in molecular weight. By the method of two-dimensional electrophoresis, the heat shock proteins of C. jejuni were identified to be Hsp90, Hsp73, and Hsp66. During the heat shock at 48.deg.C, the heat shock proteins were induced from about 5 minutes after the heat shock treatment. Their synthesis was continued upto 30 minutes, but remarkably retarded after 50 minutes. When C. jejune cells were heat shocked at 51.deg.C for 30 minutes, the survival rates of the cells were decreased by about $10^{3}$ fold and synthesis of heat shock proteins and normal proteins was also generally retarded. The cells exposed to 55.deg.C for 30 minutes died off by more than $10^{5}$ cells and the new protein synthesis was not observed. But when C. jejuni cells were heat-shocked at the sublethal temperature of 48.deg.C for 15 to 20 minutes and then were exposed at the lethal temperature of 55.deg.C for 30 minutes, their viabilities were higher than those exposed at 55.deg.C for 30 minutes without pre-heat shock at 48.deg.C. Therefore, the heat shock proteins synthesized at the sublethal temperature of 48.deg.C in C. jejuni were thought to be responsible for thermotolerance. However, when C. jejuni cells heat-shocked at various ranges of sublethal and lethal temperatures were placed back to the optimum temperature of 42.deg.C, the multiplication patterns of the cells pretreated at different temperatures were not much different each other.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.443-452
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• 2018

The main objectives of this study are to examine the effects of social capital and anxiety on the depression of the adolescent and to examine the moderating effect of self-awareness on the relationship between social capital and depression, and anxiety and depression. To do this, we analyzed the data obtained from Social and Psychological Anxiety Survey of Korean Society in 2015. The subject is 4,724 adolescent aged 14-18 years. To investigate the moderating effects of variable, we conducted a hierarchial regression analysis and confirmed the explanatory force change. As a result of that, first, social capital, anxiety and self-awareness all had a direct effects on depression. This results show that the better social capital, the lower anxiety, and the higher self-awareness is, the lower depression is. Second, it was found that self-awareness was moderating variable in the relationship of social capital and depression, and the relationship of anxiety and depression. Based on this results, this study has proposed the implications and limitations of the study and suggestions for further study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.167-173
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• 2018

Each municipality is promoting signboard improvement projects, but the effectiveness is not great. The main reason for this is that when the signboard is manufactured the location of the shop is only dependent on the visual aspiration effect and it is not harmonized with the building by applying uniform design. The signboard are installed almost everywhere in the city, such as residential, natural and commercial environments. And the signboard provides various services such as traffic information and life safety to customers. Also, by applying design and functional elements, we can enhance the competitiveness of companies and improve the urban environment by enhancing the mutual connection effect of customers and space. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of design elements and functional elements of the signboard on customer preference. In other words, we conducted surveys and analyzes of 152 specialists and non-experts (customers, self-employed). As a result of the study, the following conclusions were drawn. First, the functions and design elements of signboards are important factors that have a positive effect on customer preference. Second, the function of the signboard has a positive(+) influence on the customer preference, and the information providing function and the corporate image side function directly affect the customer preference. Third, color elements have a positive(+) meaningful effect on customer preference. Especially, similar color sign affects customer preference positively. Fourth, the signboard design component has a positive(+) significant effect on customer preference. In particular, typefaces have a positive effect on customer preference.