• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2017

Because facial asymmetry is caused by various causes, the cause analysis is important and quantitative index is needed to the evaluation. In this study, we applied the Nottingham Grading System that was used as a quantitative index to evaluate the facial paralysis by tracking the markers through the image processing and calculating the distance between the markers with images obtained by using the webcam, to evaluate facial asymmetry. The existing Nottingham Grading System has a problem of causing a measurement error in the specific case because the left and right are compared by summing the distance change between the feature points of the face part according to the change of the facial expression. We compared the case of the facial asymmetry and case of normal subject by using the existing Nottingham Grading System and the improved Nottingham grading system. In the existing Nottingham Grading System, case of facial asymmetry and case of facial symmetry were 99.0% and 95.0% respectively in the normal range, but the improved Nottingham Grading System showed facial asymmetry case was 74.0% and facial symmetrical case was 93.2%. The results of experiment show that the improved Nottingham Grading System allows detailed evaluation of each site and improved the problem of the Nottingham Grading System for specific cases.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the toothpick method, one of professional toothbrushing methods, on the prevention of periodontal diseases and the satisfaction level of patients with that. The subjects in this study were 33 patients who included 16 men and 17 women. After the toothpick method was applied to the selected patients from January 9 to February 28, 2008, the collected data were analyzed with SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Science) 12.0 program. The findings of the study were as follows: First, the patients investigated showed a 0.71 reduction in PI than in the past. The index of bleeding upon probing stood at 5.12, which dropped from 8.09 in the beginning. Second, the patients gave a mean of 4.20 to the professional toothbrushing out of possible five points, which showed that they expressed satisfaction with that. Third, as for the relationship between general characteristics and satisfaction level, the women were more satisfied with that ($4.25{\pm}0.33$). By age group, those who were in their 60s and up found that more satisfactory ($4.31{\pm}0.30$). Fourth, as to changes in oral symptoms by gender, the largest number of the men and women considered their gums to become healthier after the professional toothbrushing was applied. The above-mentioned findings suggested that dental institutions should be equipped with well-educated oral health care personnels who are responsible for the periodontal health of patients, and the development of oral health promotion programs is urgently required as well.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

To investigate the necessity of periodontal treatments, and the association of the health lifestyle with periodontal treatments, the data of 11,488 adults targeted in the 5th (2010, 2012) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used in this study. Chi-squared test was conducted to compare the subjects' general features with the health lifestyle of the patients who needed periodontal treatments. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to confirm the variables that could affect the necessity of periodontal treatments. As a result of verifying the necessity of periodontal treatments according to the general features and health lifestyle, the necessity decreased with the higher income level and education level, and in the cases of nonsmokers, frequent toothbrushing, and using oral hygiene products. When the subjects who did not had oral examinations, their necessity for periodontal treatments significantly increased (p<0.01). The variables that affected the necessity of periodontal treatments included residence, gender, education level, obesity, and oral examinations (p<0.01). Therefore, health lifestyle was thought an important variable that had affected the oral health status. Professional dental hygienists must provide people with action programs of health lifestyle to promote the national oral health status.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2004

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Ephedra Sinica and Evodia Rutaecarpa on resting metabolic rate(RMR), weight and body composition in obese women during low-calorie diet. Methods: We recruited 90 healthy premenopausal women$(body\;mass\;index{\geq}25kg/m^2)$ and randomly assigned to three groups(ephedra group, evodia group and placebo group). Subjects were administered Ephedra Sinica(6g twice a day) or Evodia Rutaecarpa(6g twice a day) or placebo in a double-blind fashion and participated in low-calorie diet for 8 weeks. Resting metabolic rate and body composition were measured at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. Results: RMR change for 4 weeks was significantly higher in the ephedra group compared with the placebo group(p<.05). But the change for 8 weeks was not significant and the Evodia group showed no significant RMR change. Weight and percent body fat changes for 4 weeks and 8 weeks were significantly higher than the placebo group in the ephedra group(p<.05), but the Evodia group didn't show significant level. Conclusions: This study supports and emphasizes the benefits of herbal medicine in maintaining or increasing RMR during low-calorie diet. Especially Ephedra treatment was effective on significant maintainment of RMR, loss of weight and percent body fat(P<.05).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.551-560
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• 2015

Here we report the protective activity of cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract against liver damage in rat intentionally instigated by D-galactosamine. Local fat degeneration and infiltration of inflammatory cells were significantly decreased in cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract administered rat. In addition, acutely increased AST, ALT, LDH, ALP activities and lipid peroxidation and lipid content by liver damage were recovered in experimental rat administrated with A. tegmentosum extract. These results showed that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a role in blood enzyme activation and lipid content restoration within damaged rat liver tissues. Moreover expression rate of TNF-α which accelerates inflammation and induces tissue damage and necrosis was significantly decreased. Also activities of antioxidant enzymes were more effectively upregulated comparing to those of the control group induced hepatotoxicity. All data that cultured A. tegmentosum cell extract has a preventive role against liver damages such as inflammation, tissue necrosis in rats by improving activities of blood enzymes, antioxidant enzymes and modulating expression of inflammation factor, suggest that cultured Acer tegmentosum cell extract is an effective medicinal resource for restoration of hepatotoxicity.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 2015

In the past, the main function of land use categorization was merely used for basic data for taxation purpose, but recently land use categorization is used as important reference data in various ways, including administrative affairs, national land plan, land development, city maintenance as well as private transactions of land, in addition to the provision for assessment data. In the future, it can be expected to broaden its own functions. For expansion of the function of land use, we need to reconsider categories of land use from a perspective of individual laws and regulations actually regulating land use from a perspective of demand. In order to resolve any discrepancy between actual land use and land use on official books, the ultimate method of resolution is to study the current state of actual use of land and reflect them on official books, but it is also necessary to prevent any confusion of national people by unifying various categories of land adopted by the regulatory acts related to land. In addition, if the same administrative regulations are applied to different land use under the current laws, it is necessary to include them in the land of the same category. This study proposes to establish a new category for securing systematic consistency of the current categories of land use under the integrated cadastral act with other land laws and regulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1426-1431
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidative effect of ethanol extracts of 5 spices. They were separately extracted in ethanol from dried samples at room temperature, and freeze-dried. In vitro testing were conducted by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging activity, inhibition of iron-induced linoleate peroxidation and the inhibition of malondialdehyde (MDA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugation reaction. The ethanol extracts of clove (92.9%) and cinnamon (89.9%) showed the most effective results among five spices in the DPPH radical scavenging capacities. The inhibition rate of ethanol extract of clove on the lipid peroxidation was 55.8%. The ethanol extracts of mustard, wasabi and black pepper were effective in the inhibition of MDA and BSA conjugation reaction showing 73.2%, 72.2% and 61.6%, respectively. These results suggest that five spices tested in this study may enhance the antioxidative capacity, although the results were different according to the assay method and sample.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-67
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• 2012

Improvisational music therapy is known to promote social engagement in children with autism. This study investigated salient features that characterize the engagement of the child with autism and the therapist in improvisational music therapy. Through video analysis of the children's behavior, this study sets out to investigate what engages children with autism into mutual play with the therapist in improvisational music therapy by measuring the shared musical elements between the child and the therapist during musical synchronicity episodes and the children's choice of instruments. A repeated measures, a crossover design was employed in two different conditions (n = 10). Children were randomly assigned into two groups; group 1 participated music therapy first, followed by play therapy second. Group 2 followed the reverse order. Specific target behaviors were analyzed in the selected sessions 1, 4, 8 and 12. As expected, improvisational music therapy produced markedly more and longer events of musical synchronicity in children with autism than the play sessions with toys (p < .001). Rhythm and dynamic appeared to be the two most salient elements during musical synchronicity events between the child and the therapist. Observational findings confirmed that horns and whistles were the most frequently selected instruments in music therapy, whereas a dollhouse set was in play therapy by children with autism. The clinical implications and the details of these findings are discussed further.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2017

Tea is the most popular beverage in the world. The three main types are green, black, and post-fermented. Post-fermented teas are produced by the microbial fermentation of sun-dried green tea leaves (Camellia sinensis). In this study, the composition of the bacterial communities involved in the production of traditional oriental post-fermented teas (Korean algacha, dancha, and Chinese pu-erh) were investigated using 16S rRNA gene analysis. The dominant microorganisms present in the post-fermented teas included the ${\alpha}$-proteobacteria Rhodobacteraceae and Sphingomonas, and the ${\gamma}$-proteobacteria Pantoea. Cluster analysis confirmed that the microbial populations present in both Korean and Chinese post-fermented teas grouped into the same class. Interestingly, the dominant microorganism present in the Korean post-fermented teas was a bacterium, while for the Chinese post-fermented tea, it was a fungus.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.435-441
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of roasting temperatures on the antinutritional factors and functional properties of sesame protein isolates. The protein contents a sesame protein isolates (SPI) prepared at roasting temperatures of 5$0^{\circ}C$, 10$0^{\circ}C$, 15$0^{\circ}C$ and 20$0^{\circ}C$ were 65.5%, 66.6%. 68.9% and 64.1%, respectively. Total phenolic compounds, condensed tannin and phytate contents of SPI was increased from 5$0^{\circ}C$ to 20$0^{\circ}C$. From color measurements, higher roasting temperature decreased 'L' and 'b' values significantly, but 'a' value was increased. The bulk density, fat absorption and water absorption of SPI was increased as the temperature of roasting was increased. Sesame protein isolates prepared by roasting at 5$0^{\circ}C$, 10$0^{\circ}C$ and 15$0^{\circ}C$ had higher emulsifying activity than those prepared by roasting at 20$0^{\circ}C$. Foaming capacity of SPI was not changed by roasting up to 10$0^{\circ}C$, but this property was reduced dramatically when roasted at 20$0^{\circ}C$.