• Title/Summary/Keyword: 김대리

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40Ar-39Ar Age Determination for the Quaternary Basaltic Rocks in Jeongok Area (전곡 지역 제4기 현무암질 암석의 40Ar-39Ar 연대 측정)

  • Kim, Jeongmin;Choi, Jeong-Heon;Jeon, Su In;Park, Ul Jae;Nam, Seong Soo
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.385-391
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    • 2014
  • Quaternary basaltic rocks occur as volcanic plateau and/or river cliff in the watershed area of Hantan River in Jeongok, central Korea. We measured $^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar$ ages for the basaltic rocks from Jeongok area using the multi-collector noble gas mass spectrometer and laser heating device introduced for the first time in Korea. The basaltic rocks from the river cliff in Eundae-ri area show the systematic change in $^{40}Ar-^{39}Ar$ ages from $0.54{\pm}0.07Ma$ through $0.48{\pm}0.01Ma$ to $0.12{\pm}0.01Ma$ toward the top. The other sample from Jeongok-ri area yields the age of $0.43{\pm}0.04Ma$. This results suggest that there might be a episodic volcanic eruption between 0.12-0.54 Ma in Jeongok area.

The Joint Determination of Leverage and Debt Maturity (레버리지와 부채만기 결정의 상호관계)

  • Kim, Chi-Soo;Kwon, Kyeung-Taek
    • The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.1-36
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    • 2005
  • In this study, we analyzed determinant factors of leverage ratio and debt maturity for Korean firms in the simultaneous equation system using 2SLS (two stage least square) method under assumption that two variables are jointly determined in the capital structure decision. As a result of the analysis, we found that leverage ratio and debt maturity are positively related. Also, as for determinant factors of debt maturity, agency cost hypothesis, asset maturity matching hypothesis, signalling and liquidity risk hypothesis are all generally supported, and further leverage ratio are significantly positively related with firm size, but negatively related with default risk. However, when we divided samples into groups according to bank debt level and Chaebul affiliation, with contrast to existing study which worked on similar issues with OLS, we found no evidence supporting the argument that the information asymmetry problem is less severe in firms with more bank debt, whereas information asymmetry and financial constraint problems are more severe in non-Chaebul affiliated firms.

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The Relations between Ownership Structure and Cash Holdings of Firms (기업의 소유구조와 현금보유간의 관계)

  • Shin, Min-Shik;Kim, Soo-Eun
    • The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.89-120
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    • 2010
  • In this paper, we analyse empirically the relations between ownership structure and cash holdings of firms listed on Korea Securities Market and Kosdaq Market of Korea Exchange. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. Cash holdings increase as large shareholder's equity holdings increase. Cash holdings increase as the difference between first largest shareholder's and second largest shareholder's equity holdings increase, and cash holdings increase as the ownership concentration increase. Managerial ownership exert a non-linear effects on cash holdings. So to speak, at lower level of managerial ownership, managers hold more cash to pursue their own interests at the expense of minority shareholders, but at higher level of managerial ownership, the interests of managers and shareholders are aligned, and also at highest level of managerial ownership, managers hold more cash to pursue their own interests at the expense of minority shareholders. Cash holdings increase larger in owner-controlled firm than in management-controlled firm. These results support the expropriation of minority shareholders hypothesis that large shareholders can extract private benefits from corporate resources under their control at the expense of minority shareholders. This paper contributes to defining information value of large shareholder's equity holdings on cash holdings for a firms' other stakeholders such as investors and creditors, and to strengthening a legal and institutional safeguard for external minority shareholders. Ownership concentration might have negatively affected the evolution of the legal and institutional frameworks for corporate governance and the manner in which economic activity is conducted. It could be a formidable barrier to future policy reform.

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Vicarious Radiometric Calibration of the Ground-based Hyperspectral Camera Image (지상 초분광카메라 영상의 복사보정)

  • Shin, Jung-Il;Maghsoudi, Yasser;Kim, Sun-Hwa;Kang, Sung-Jin;Lee, Kyu-Sung
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.213-222
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    • 2008
  • Although hyperspectral sensing data have shown great potential to derive various surface information that is not usually available from conventional multispectral image, the acquisition of proper hyperspectral image data are often limited. To use ground-based hyperspectral camera image for remote sensing studies, radiometric calibration should be prerequisite. The objective of this study is to develop radiometric calibration procedure to convert image digital number (DN) value to surface reflectance for the 120 bands ground-based hyperspectral camera. Hyperspectral image and spectral measurements were simultaneously obtained from the experimental target that includes 22 different surface materials of diverse spectral characteristics at wavelength range between 400 to 900 nm. Calibration coefficients to convert image DN value to at-sensor radiance were initially derived from the regression equations between the sample image and spectral measurements using ASD spectroradiometer. Assuming that there is no atmospheric effects when the image acquisition and spectral measurements were made at very close distance in ground, we were also able to derive calibration coefficients that directly transform DN value to surface reflectance. However, these coefficients for deriving reflectance values should not be applied when the camera is used for aerial image that contains significant effect from atmosphere and further atmospheric correction procedure is required in such case.

A study on the life of immigrant youth before and after entering Korean society: Focusing on Korean-Chinese adolescents (중도입국청소년의 한국사회 입국 전·후 삶에 대한 연구 -조선족 청소년을 중심으로-)

  • Song, MinKyoung;Kim, JinWon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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    • no.58
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    • pp.103-139
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    • 2017
  • The objective of this study was to examine in depth the life of Korean-Chinese adolescents before and after entering Korean society. These adolescents experienced early separation from their biological mothers in China and were raised by relatives due to the absence of parents. The adolescents' childhoods were filled with a sense of loneliness and emptiness, which made them feel hopeless in life, and traveling to Korea in hope and fear was a major challenge in their lives. After coming to Korea, they harmed themselves by engaging in toxic behavior and found themselves hopeless. They also experienced difficulties due to the relationships that needed to be rebuilt with their biological parents, as well as the relationships with their stepparents and half-siblings. However, they reported feeling self-confident and hopeful that their life would improve in the future. In addition, family support and social-support systems have given them a potential avenue for development. Verbal data collected from seven Korean-Chinese adolescents were analyzed. Based on the results, practical recommendations to be reflected in related programs were provided.

A Study on the Factors of Life Satisfaction of the Adults with Developmental Disabilities (그룹홈 중고령 발달장애인의 생활만족도 영향요인 연구: 청년기 발달장애인과의 비교를 중심으로)

  • Roh, Seung Hyun;Kim, Cheong Seok
    • 재활복지
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.69-91
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    • 2018
  • This study aims to identify factors of life satisfaction of the adults with developmental disabilities, focusing on the comparison between young and old. Data are collected through in-depth interview of the adults with developmental disabilities as well as via workers proxy responses at the group home. Regression model analysis is conducted based on 387 cases. The result shows that the young adults with developmental disabilities are more likely to satisfied with life when they evaluate job performance of workers at the group home and when they are more actively involved in community activities. For the old adults with developmental disabilities, life satisfaction is positively associated with their evaluation of job performance of workers at the group home as in the young adults. In addition, life satisfaction of the old adults is higher when they feel less fatigue. It is also higher for those with more choices on residence and higher level of social activities. The findings reveals that enhancement of life satisfaction for the old adults with developmental disabilities dwelling at group home require supports and services for health and social activities different from other ages. It shares the general ideas that service efforts should be made for needs and desires of the recipients. The present study suggests to expand our research interests to include the disabled in danger of early aging, such as the persons with Down Syndrome and the persons with intellectual disability and cerebral palsy, and look into their particular needs.

A Meta-analysis on Antecedents and Consequences of Technological Innovation: Focused on Empirical Analyses of South Korea's SMEs (기술혁신의 요인과 성과에 관한 메타분석: 우리나라 중소기업에 관한 실증분석 연구를 대상으로)

  • Kim, Juil;Kim, Minseo;Park, Hyesu
    • Korean small business review
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.43-67
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    • 2020
  • Studies on technological innovation of SMEs have made remarkable growth both qualitatively and quantitatively, but each study has a limitation to generalize due to lack of data, diversity of methodologies and variables. Therefore, a systematic and comprehensive statistical approach to obtain generalized conclusions through numerous empirical studies can help both the strategic decision making of SMEs and the government's innovation policies. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the technological innovation process of SMEs through meta-analysis. For this, the antecedents of technological innovation, the relationship between technological innovation and management performance of SMEs were analyzed. The results of using 62,512 samples from 111 domestic empirical studies were as follows; First, to improve the technological innovation of SMEs, internal cooperation, innovation culture, dynamic capabilities, and absorptive capacity were important antecedents. Second, in terms of IP performance, which was introduced as a proxy for technological innovation, human resource management, technological opportunities, commercialization capabilities, financial resources, and R&D expenditure. Third, technological innovation has a medium-sized effect on financial performance, however the effect of IP performance has a small effect size. Lastly, in the relationship between technological innovation and financial performance, the method of measurement and publication type showed statistically significant moderating effects.

Polymetamorphism of the Odesan Gneiss Complex in the Northeastern area of the Kyonggi Massif, Korea (경기육괴 북동부지역에 분포하는 오대산편마암복합체의 다변성작용)

  • 권용완;김형식;오창환
    • The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.226-243
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    • 1997
  • The Odesan Gneiss Complex consists of mainly migmatitic gneiss and porphyroblastic gneiss with locally intercated quartzite, amphibolite, marble and leucocratic gneiss. At least two different regional metamorphisms are recognized in the study area. Metamorphic grade of the first metamorphism increases from the K-feldspar-muscovite zone(in which biotite-muscovite-plagioclase-quartz and garnet-biotite-muscovite-K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz assemblages occur) in the east and southwestern part of the study area to the K-feldspar-garnet zone(in which garnet-biotite-K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz, biotite-K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz, garnet-biotite-K-feldspar-plagioclase-sillimanite-spinel-quartz assemblages occur) in the northwestern part. Kyanite is found as inclusions in plagioclase. The second metamorphism is characterised by occurrence of cordierite. The metamorphic grade of 2nd metamorphism decreases radically from the central-western part near Gaeinsan in which cordierite-garnet-sillimanite-biotite-muscovite-quartz, cordierite-garnet-spinel-sillimanite-biotite-muscovite-quartz assemblages representing the garnet-cordierite zone are observed. The garnet-cordierite zone is surrounded by the sillimanite-cordierite zone which shows cordierite-sillimanite-biotite-plagioclase, cordierite-muscovite-biotite-plagioclase and sillimanite-muscovite-biotite-plagioclase assemblages. The peak metamorphic P-T conditions of the first metamorphism calcuted from garnet-biotite-sillimanite-K-feldspar-plagioclase-spinel assemblage are 5.4~7.4 kb and $776-789^{\circ}C$. Real P-T condition of the first metamorphism might be higher than the calcuated P-T condition according to the study based on the phase equilibria. P-T conditions calcuated from the garnet-biotite in plagioclase are 12.5kb and $650^{\circ}C$ which indicate that the P-T path of the first metamorphism had passed a high pressure condition before the peak metamorphic temperature condition. The peak metamorphic P-T conditions of the second metamorphism calcuated from garnet-biotite-cordierite-spinel-quartz assemblage are $680~750^{\circ}C$ at pressures lower than 6 kb. In the Odesan Gneiss Complex, the first metamorphism of medium pressure and high temperature had occurred after the high pressure condition and fast uplift and then the second metamorphism of low pressure condition occurred after sedimentation of the Kuryong Group.

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Comparison of Acting Style Between 2D Hand-drawn Animation and 3D Computer Animation : Focused on Expression of Emotion by Using Close-up (2D 핸드 드로운 애니메이션과 3D 컴퓨터 애니메이션에서의 액팅(acting) 스타일 비교 -클로즈-업을 이용한 감정표현을 중심으로-)

  • Moon, Jaecheol;Kim, Yumi
    • Cartoon and Animation Studies
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    • s.36
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    • pp.147-165
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    • 2014
  • Around the turn of 21st century, there has been a major technological shift in the animation industry. With development of reality-based computer graphics, major American animation studios replaced hand-drawn method with the new 3D computer graphics. Traditional animation was known for its simplified shapes such as circles and triangle that makes characters' movements distinctive from non-animated feature films. Computer-generated animation has largely replaced it, but is under continuous criticism that automated movements and reality-like graphics devaluate the aesthetics of animation. Although hand-drawn animation is still produced, 3D computer graphics have taken commercial lead and there has been many changes to acting of animated characters, which calls for detailed investigation. Firstly, the changes in acting of 3D characters can be traced from looking at human-like rigging method that mimics humanistic moving mechanism. Also, if hair and clothing was part of hand-drawn characters' acting, it has now been hidden inside mathematical simulation of 3D graphics, leaving only the body to be used in acting. Secondly, looking at "Stretch and Squash" method, which represents the distinctive movements of animation, through the lens of media, a paradox arises. Hand-drawn animation are produced frame-by-frame, and a subtle change would make animated frames shiver. This slight shivering acts as an aesthetic distinction of animated feature films, but can also require exaggerated movements to hide the shivering. On the contrary, acting of 3D animation make use of calculated movements that may seem exaggerated compared to human acting, but seem much more moderate and static compared to hand-drawn acting. Moreover, 3D computer graphics add the third dimension that allows more intuitive movements - maybe animators no longer need fine drawing skills; what they now need is directing skills to animate characters in 3D space intuitively. On the assumption that technological advancement and change of artistic expressionism are inseparable, this paper compares acting of 3D animation studio Pixar and classical drawing studio Disney to investigate character acting style and movements.

Introduction of GOCI-II Atmospheric Correction Algorithm and Its Initial Validations (GOCI-II 대기보정 알고리즘의 소개 및 초기단계 검증 결과)

  • Ahn, Jae-Hyun;Kim, Kwang-Seok;Lee, Eun-Kyung;Bae, Su-Jung;Lee, Kyeong-Sang;Moon, Jeong-Eon;Han, Tai-Hyun;Park, Young-Je
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.37 no.5_2
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    • pp.1259-1268
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    • 2021
  • The 2nd Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI-II) is the successor to the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI), which employs one near-ultraviolet wavelength (380 nm) and eight visible wavelengths(412, 443, 490, 510, 555, 620, 660, 680 nm) and three near-infrared wavelengths(709, 745, 865 nm) to observe the marine environment in Northeast Asia, including the Korean Peninsula. However, the multispectral radiance image observed at satellite altitude includes both the water-leaving radiance and the atmospheric path radiance. Therefore, the atmospheric correction process to estimate the water-leaving radiance without the path radiance is essential for analyzing the ocean environment. This manuscript describes the GOCI-II standard atmospheric correction algorithm and its initial phase validation. The GOCI-II atmospheric correction method is theoretically based on the previous GOCI atmospheric correction, then partially improved for turbid water with the GOCI-II's two additional bands, i.e., 620 and 709 nm. The match-up showed an acceptable result, with the mean absolute percentage errors are fall within 5% in blue bands. It is supposed that part of the deviation over case-II waters arose from a lack of near-infrared vicarious calibration. We expect the GOCI-II atmospheric correction algorithm to be improved and updated regularly to the GOCI-II data processing system through continuous calibration and validation activities.