Korean small business review (중소기업연구)

The Korean Association of Small Business studies (한국중소기업학회)
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A Meta-analysis on Antecedents and Consequences of Technological Innovation: Focused on Empirical Analyses of South Korea's SMEs

기술혁신의 요인과 성과에 관한 메타분석: 우리나라 중소기업에 관한 실증분석 연구를 대상으로

  • 김주일 (한국과학기술기획평가원(KISTEP) R&D예산정책센터) ;
  • 김민서 (건국대학교 기술경영학과) ;
  • 박혜수 (건국대학교 기술경영학과)
  • Received : 2020.01.22
  • Accepted : 2020.06.08
  • Published : 2020.06.30
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Abstract

Studies on technological innovation of SMEs have made remarkable growth both qualitatively and quantitatively, but each study has a limitation to generalize due to lack of data, diversity of methodologies and variables. Therefore, a systematic and comprehensive statistical approach to obtain generalized conclusions through numerous empirical studies can help both the strategic decision making of SMEs and the government's innovation policies. The purpose of this study is to comprehensively analyze the technological innovation process of SMEs through meta-analysis. For this, the antecedents of technological innovation, the relationship between technological innovation and management performance of SMEs were analyzed. The results of using 62,512 samples from 111 domestic empirical studies were as follows; First, to improve the technological innovation of SMEs, internal cooperation, innovation culture, dynamic capabilities, and absorptive capacity were important antecedents. Second, in terms of IP performance, which was introduced as a proxy for technological innovation, human resource management, technological opportunities, commercialization capabilities, financial resources, and R&D expenditure. Third, technological innovation has a medium-sized effect on financial performance, however the effect of IP performance has a small effect size. Lastly, in the relationship between technological innovation and financial performance, the method of measurement and publication type showed statistically significant moderating effects.

국내 중소기업의 기술혁신에 대한 연구는 괄목할만한 성장을 이루어왔으나 각 연구들은 데이터 부족, 방법론 및 변수의 다양성 등으로 인하여 일반화하기 어려운 한계점을 갖는다. 따라서 수많은 실증연구를 통해 일반화된 결론을 얻기 위한 체계적이고 종합적인 통계적 분석은 기업의 경영전략과 정부의 기술혁신지원정책을 수립하는 데 필수적이다. 본 연구는 중소기업의 기술혁신성과에 영향을 미치는 요인, 그리고 기술혁신성과와 경영성과의 관계에 관한 메타분석을 통하여 중소기업의 기술혁신 프로세스를 포괄적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 국내 111개의 실증분석 연구, 총 62,512개 표본에 대한 메타분석을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중소기업의 기술혁신성과를 위해서는 내부 기술협력, 혁신문화, 동적역량, 흡수역량 등이 중요한 요인이었다. 둘째, 기술혁신성과의 대리변수로 도입된 지식재산권 성과에 대해서는 인사역량, 기술적 기회, 사업화 역량, 여유 자원, R&D 자금투입 등이 중요한 요인으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기술혁신성과는 경영성과에 중간 크기 이상의 영향을 미치나, 지식재산권 성과의 영향은 작은 효과크기로 나타났다. 넷째, 기술혁신성과와 경영성과의 관계에서 경영성과의 측정방법, 출간유형은 통계적으로 유의한 조절효과를 나타내는 변수였으나, 지식재산권 성과와 경영성과의 관계에서는 유의한 조절변수를 발견할 수 없었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

이 논문은 2019년에 과학기술정보통신부 재원으로 한국과학기술기획평가원(KISTEP)에서 수행한 "중소기업 R&D 성과에 관한 메타분석: 정부지원과 기술혁신을 중심으로(BC19020 / 일반-2019-001)"의 결과에 기초하였으며, 그 일부 내용을 인용하거나 수정·보완하였습니다.

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