• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.930-936
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• 2004

Science field trip on historical heritages in Korea has developed since 1998. There are a few discussion of effectiveness of science field trip on historical heritages. In this research, the aim of science field trip on historical heritages was discussed in view of developing scientific perspectives on historical heritages with cases of science field trip of Hwasong fortress. Material for science field trip of Hwasong fortress was developed and instructional strategy was designed. The material contained convergent and divergent scientific inquiry activities. The goal of the activity was to help students to build scientific perspectives on the historical heritage, so they can evaluate the scientific excellency of historical heritage. The subjects were ten ninth grade students of middle school science club in Seoul. A questionnaire, "evaluation of scientific excellency of historical heritage" was administered before and after the field trip. From the analysis of a change in perspective by field trip, it was investigated how the scientific perspective on historical heritages was developed. The first draft of material for science field trip of Hwasong fortress was developed based on science education experts' discussion. The material has three parts; activities before the trip, activities during the trip and activities after trip. Instructor's guide has the same structure. Before the field trip, students watched the videotape and learned the short history lesson about Hwasong fortress to develop familiarity. During the trip, there were exploring stage and intensive inquiring stage. These activities were designed to develop scientific perspective on historical heritage. After the field trip, evaluation activity about scientific value of Hwasong was done based on the activities done during the trip. After the science field trip of Hwasong fortress, most of students showed positive changes. Some of them reflected on their previous thoughts. Some recognized the necessity of the proper criteria for scientific excellency of historical heritage. All changed in their perspective on evaluating scientific aspects on historical heritage, such as considering the social environment, scientific principles and the influence of science and technology of that age on the society, when the fortress was built. These results show that the science field trip focused on the criteria for evaluating the scientific excellency of historical heritage was significant in helping students to develop the scientific perspective on historical heritage.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.573-580
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• 1998

Red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara is distributed in the south and west coasts of Korea. The natural stocks of the fish are decreasing sharply year by uear because of reckless overfishing. This research was carried out to understand general informations on maturation, sex composition and sex-reversals of the fish. Annual fishing uields of red spotted grouper in the castal area of Byonsan Peninsular of Kora decreased over 10% from 1992 to 1994. The main fishing season was from May to July with fishing gear of Hand-lines. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) and condition factor were highest on early and late July, respectively, thus main spawning reriod was assumed from late July to early August. The relationship between total length (X) and body weight (Y) for wild adults was represented as a regression, Y=$0.0169X^{2.9705}$, ($r^2$=0.96). Frequency of sex of wild red spotted gouper showed that the number of female below 38cm in total length was more than that of male, and hermaphrodite mainly occurred from 28cm to 32cm in total length the frequency of male and female were almost same. Also hermaphrodite occurred mainly between 25~29cm. Sex reversal ration of the adults reared in a tank for a year with different sexual compositions revealted that the frequency of female reversed from male was more than that of male reversed from female at 1:1 and 1:2 stocking densities of female and male, respectively. Also, about 20% of female was reversed to male when all females were reared. And the size of the fish reversed to male was larger than that of non-reversed female.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.3-43
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• 2018

Auf die ganze Welt macht unbemannte $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$(sog.Drohnen) in vielen Bereichen rasch Fortschritte und Anwendungen gezeigt. Nachdem ferngesteuerte Drohnen $urspr{\ddot{u}}nglich$ $prim{\ddot{a}}r$ $f{\ddot{u}}r$ $milit{\ddot{a}}rische$ Zwecke entwickelt wurden, $erh{\ddot{o}}cht$ sich derzeit ihre zivile Nutzung sowohl im Freizeit- als auch im Dienstleistungsbereich(Paketdrohnen, Drohnen-taxi) stetig. Mit der vermehrten Drohnennutzung steigen allerdings auch die damit verbundenen Risiken und Herausforderungen. In Zusammenhang damit stellt sich dann die Frage, ob $gegenw{\ddot{a}}rtige$ Vorschriften im Bereich von Luftrecht zurecht gekommen sind. Es sieht sich gerade der zwei Schwerpunkt $gegen{\ddot{u}}ber$. Erstens kann $Passagierebef{\ddot{o}}rderung$ mit unbemanntem Luftfahrzeug(mehr als 150kg) im $gegenw{\ddot{a}}ritigen$ Luftrecht keine Anwendung finden. Denn das kor. Luftsicherheitsgesetz und sein Durchsetzungsverordnung definieren die Terminologie von unbemannten Luftfahrzeugen und unbemannten $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$ als "wenn eine Person nicht an Bord geht und ferngesteuert wird". Also soll Drohne nach dieser gesetzlichen Definition nur "ohne Person" geflogen werden. Das besagt ohne Piloten und ohne Passagiere. Zweitens ist unbemannte $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$(weniger als 150kg) nicht auf Handelsgesetz anzuwenden, auf das ${\ddot{u}}ber$ Anspruchsgrundlage und Zurechnungsnorm des gewerblichen Luftverkehr geregelt ist. Der unbemannte Luftfahrzeuglieferdienst bringt nicht nur die Gefahr einer $Besch{\ddot{a}}digung$ des Frachtguts mit sich, sondern auch die Gefahr von $Bodensch{\ddot{a}}den$ durch Dritte. Gemäß ${\S}$ 896 des Handelsgesetzes ist aber die Anwendung von unbemannte $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$(weniger als 150kg) $hierf{\ddot{u}}r$ begrenzt, weil unbemannt $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$ $einschl{\ddot{a}}gig$ in Ultralight $Flugger{\ddot{a}}t$ ist, die im Handelsgesetz ausschließlich besteht. Technische Fortschritt und die dadurch $erm{\ddot{o}}glichten$ kommerziellen Anwendungen werden die Nachfrage nach unbemannter $Flugger{\ddot{a}}te$ wecken. Die Umsetzung der $bez{\ddot{u}}glichen$ Vorschriften sollte auch diese Entwicklung aktiv begleitet und $fr{\ddot{u}}hzeitig$ kommuniziert und erarbeitet werden, damit Hersteller und Nutzer $fr{\ddot{u}}hzeitig$ Planungssicherheit haben.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.147-174
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• 2018

The air transportation industry is a field where control and interference of the state are generalized compared to other industries. However, the premise for national intervention in the air transportation industry is the determination of the nationality of the aircraft or airline company concerned. This is because it is necessary to clarify the distinction between the domestic and foreign carriers so that they can exercise airspace sovereignty. The purpose of this paper is to compare the current status and contents of Korean law and regulations on the determination of nationality with the foreign legal system. To this end, the starting point of the discussion is to look at the history of nationality restrictions on the US air transport industry and the issues that arise in the content and operation of the system today. In addition, this paper examined the provisions of the Japanese aviation law, which is very similar to that of Korea, and then compared the current legal provisions of the United States, Japan and Korea. As a conclusion, this paper sought the direction of revision of the Korean law on the basis of the foreign status of the restriction of nationality in the air transportation industry. Compared with our law, the US and Japan are generally regarded to be more concerned with the contents of their own airline companies than those of foreigners or non-citizen. In spite of the fact that there are many laws and regulations in the United States regarding the de facto dominance of domestic airline companies by foreigners, there have been a lot of controversies in this matter. By the way, Japan has been stipulating regulations on holding companies and affiliated companies. In the global era, it would be meaningful to check the status of the nationality restrictions in the aviation industry, which is based on internationality. I hope that this study will be able to build a legal institutional basis for Korea's aviation industry development from a reasonable protectionist point of view rather than a narrow nationalism in a rapidly changing era.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

Propose: To Analyze the survival outcomes and prognostic factors In glioblastoma patients treated with surgery and radiation therapy. Materials and Methods : One hundred twenty glloblastoma patients treated with postoperative radiation therapy from 1994 to 2003 at Samsung Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical extents were gross total resection in 22 patients (18$\%$), subtotal resection in 69 (58$\%$), and biopsy only in 29 (24$\%$). The median radiation dose was 50 Gy, ranging from 45 Gy to 72 Gy The median follow-up period was 12 months ranging from 2 to 52 months. Results The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 52$\%$ and 14$\%$, respectively, and the median survival duration was 13 months. Favorable prognostic factors by Uunivarlate analyses of prognostic factors on 1-year survival rate were revealed that age under 50 (p<0.01), ECOG performance status 0 or 1 (p=0.03), single lesion (p=0.02), and gross total resection (p=0.04), were the favorable prognostic (actors. and by Mmultlvarlate analyses were revealed that female (p<0.01), age under 50 (p<0.01), ECOG performance status 0 or 1 (p=0.05) and gross total resection (p=0.05) were the favorable prognostic factors. Conclusions : The results of our study were comparable with those previously reported. To Improve treatment outcome, various modifications, Including radiation dose escalation through newer radiation therapy techniques and use of effective chemotherapy regimen, should be further Investigated. Investigated. Also Furthermore, the application of Individualized treatment strategy based on 4he patient's prognostic factors might be needed.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.908-914
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• 2017

Cold plasma (CP) was applied to examine microbial safety and physicochemical properties of rough rice. CP was generated in a square-shaped plastic container (250 W, 15 kHz, ambient air) and dielectric barrier discharge plasma treatment was applied for periods of 0, 10, and 20 min during 2 weeks at 4 and $25^{\circ}C$. As a result of observing changes in growth of microorganisms, 3.46-3.86 log CFU/g of total aerobic bacteria and 2.27-2.86 log CFU/g of mold were detected in the early stage of storage. The growth of total aerobic bacteria and mold was increased depending on the storage temperature and period, but there was no big difference between cultivars. Microbial analysis after storage showed that microorganisms of plasma-treated group were less grown approximately 1.50 log CFU/g. Moisture content of rough rice was decreased by storage temperature and periods. As for the amylose content, changes in the content by plasma were not observed in Samkwang, Cheongpum and Misomi, whereas Palbangmi showed a tendency to increase. The results of this study indicated that CP treatment improved the microbial quality of rough rice, but further studies should be conducted to reduce the deterioration of sensory quality induced by CP.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.137-159
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• 2004

The next generation information appliances are those that can be connected with other appliances through a wired or wireless network in order to make it possible for them to transmit and receive data between them and to be remotely controlled from inside or outside of the home. Many electronic companies have aggressively invested in developing new information appliances to take the initiative in upcoming home networking era. They require systematic methods for developing new information appliances and sharing the knowledge acquired from the methods. This paper stored the knowledge acquired from developing the information appliances and developed a knowledge management system that supports the companies to use the knowledge and develop their own information appliances. In order to acquire the knowledge, this paper applied two methods for User-Centered Design in stead of using the general ones for knowledge acquisition. This paper suggested new product ideas by analyzing and observing user actions and stored the knowledge in knowledge bases, which included Knowledge from Analyzing User Actions and Knowledge from Observing User Actions. Seven new product ideas, suggested from the User-Centered Design, were made into design mockups and their videos were produced to show the real situations where they would be used in home of the future, which were stored in the knowledge base of Knowledge from Producing New Emotive Life Videos. Finally, data on present development states of future homes in Europe and Japan and newspapers articles from domestic newspapers were collected and stored in the knowledge base of Knowledge from Surveying Technology Developments. This paper developed a web-based knowledge management system that supports the companies to use the acquired knowledge. Knowledge users can get the knowledge required for developing new information appliances and suggest their own product ideas by using the knowledge management system. This will make the results from this research not confined to a case study of product development but extended to playing a role of facilitating the development of the next generation information appliances.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.438-447
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• 2016

This study was conducted in order to investigate the physiochemical properties and antioxidative activity of red ginseng manufactured using the high temperature high pressure (HTHP) process, which is faster and simpler than the conventional process. According to increasing the steaming temperature, pressure and time, the content of minor non-polar ginsenosides, such as Rg3, Rk3, Rh4, Rk1 and Rg5 gradually increased. Also, the contents of acidic polysaccharide, total phenolic compounds and maltol gradually increased. Based on the results of the physiochemical properties and appearance quality, the optimum conditions of HTHP process were estimated as $140^{\circ}C$, $3kg/cm^2$ in 20 min. The total phenolic compounds and maltol contents of the HTHP process red ginseng (1.0% and 2.49 mg%, respectively) were higher than those of conventional red ginseng (0.23% and 0.60 mg%, respectively). In addition, the antioxidative activity was investigated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-aziono-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging activity. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of HTHP process red ginseng increased by 3.4 and 3.6 folds, respectively, compared with conventional red ginseng. In addition, total phenolic compounds and maltol contents, as well as the antioxidant activity of the HTHP process red ginseng were similar to black ginseng. The present results suggest that the HTHP process is available for the development of value-added red ginseng products.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2002.06a
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• pp.148-155
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• 2002

Multithreaded models improve the efficiency of parallel systems by combining inner parallelism, asynchronous data availability and the locality of von Neumann model. This model executes thread code which is generated by compiler and of which quality is given by the method of generation. But multithreaded models have the demerit that execution model is restricted to a specific platform. On the contrary, Java has the platform independency, so if we can translate from threads code to Java bytecode, we can use the advantages of multithreaded models in many platforms. Java executes Java bytecode which is intermediate language format for Java virtual machine. Java bytecode plays a role of an intermediate language in translator and Java virtual machine work as back-end in translator. But, Java bytecode which is translated from multithreaded models have the demerit that it is not secure. This paper, multhithread code whose feature of platform independent can execute in java virtual machine. We design and implement translator which translate from thread code of multithreaded code to Java bytecode and which check secure problems from Java bytecode.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.28
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• pp.235-263
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• 2012

Regarding the theme park business as an area of cultural content business, this study focuses on the trend of pursuing indoor theme parks as a small-scale small capital strategy escaped from the existing approach oriented to large-scale outdoor complex theme parks. It is because although existing large-scale outdoor complex theme parks require the capital with the scale of hundreds of billion won and also high-level technique and the latest operational know-how that they have a great barrier for new entry as well as enormous risk, the rent indoor theme parks succeed in market entry with efficient risk management and flexible market strategies. Thereupon, this study examines the current status of the children's indoor theme park market with Korean characters as their theme as a new market among the indoor theme parks and also investigates the market strategies of this market in the two aspects of expansion: the expansion of Korean characters' property value and the expansion of the local theme park market. For that, this article reviewed the advanced researches on theme parks and divided the types of theme parks existing in Korea with the criteria of classification by space and theme or classification by main users. Also, among the children's indoor theme parks with Korean characters as their theme, this study visited five ones located in the capital area to examine the current status. And about two located in the capital area and also four in the local area, the current data were received from the persons in charge of the companies for analysis. Also, with the subjects of spectators visiting the 'DIBO VILLAGE, Cheonggye-cheon' newly opened on April 25th, 2012, the research on satisfaction was conducted for analysis. Through that, this study analyzed the structure of the existing children's indoor theme park business with Korean characters as their theme and suggested the ground to analyze the effectiveness of market strategies being implemented. It is expected that this study will establish the clues of systematic and profound discussion for the indoor theme park business that can be said to be the niche market of the theme park business and allow the small-scale areal indoor theme parks to be examined as a significant business model for the local theme park industry. In the aspect of character business as well, it is expected that this will give a chance to establish a new model of spatial storytelling expansion in terms of the property value of Korean animation characters.