Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.9799/ksfan.2016.29.3.438

Effect of High Temperature and High Pressure on Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Korean Red Ginseng  

Kim, Eunyoung (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
Jin, Yan (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
Kim, Kyung-Tack (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
Lim, Tae-Gyu (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
Jang, Mi (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
Cho, Chang-Won (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
Rhee, Young Kyoung (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
Hong, Hee-Do (Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute)
Publication Information
The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition / v.29, no.3, 2016 , pp. 438-447 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study was conducted in order to investigate the physiochemical properties and antioxidative activity of red ginseng manufactured using the high temperature high pressure (HTHP) process, which is faster and simpler than the conventional process. According to increasing the steaming temperature, pressure and time, the content of minor non-polar ginsenosides, such as Rg3, Rk3, Rh4, Rk1 and Rg5 gradually increased. Also, the contents of acidic polysaccharide, total phenolic compounds and maltol gradually increased. Based on the results of the physiochemical properties and appearance quality, the optimum conditions of HTHP process were estimated as $140^{\circ}C$, $3kg/cm^2$ in 20 min. The total phenolic compounds and maltol contents of the HTHP process red ginseng (1.0% and 2.49 mg%, respectively) were higher than those of conventional red ginseng (0.23% and 0.60 mg%, respectively). In addition, the antioxidative activity was investigated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-aziono-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging activity. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of HTHP process red ginseng increased by 3.4 and 3.6 folds, respectively, compared with conventional red ginseng. In addition, total phenolic compounds and maltol contents, as well as the antioxidant activity of the HTHP process red ginseng were similar to black ginseng. The present results suggest that the HTHP process is available for the development of value-added red ginseng products.
Keywords
red ginseng; steaming process; physicochemical properties; antioxidative activity;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 10  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Berg R, Haenen GR, Berg H, Bast A. 1999. Applicability of an improved Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay for evaluation of antioxidant capacity measurements of mixtures. Food Chem 66:511-517   DOI
2 Blois MS. 1958. Antioxidant determination by the use a stable free radical. Nature 181:1199-1200   DOI
3 Choi CS, Kim KI, Hong HD, Choi SY, Lee YC, Kim KT, Rho J, Kim SS, Kim YC. 2006. Phenolic acid composition and antioxidative activity of white ginseng (Panax ginseng, C.A. Meyer). J Ginseng Res 30:22-30   DOI
4 Choi Y, Lee SM, Chun J, Lee HB, Lee J. 2005. Influence of heat treatment on the antioxidant activities and poly phenolic compounds of Shiitake (Lentinus edodes) mushroom. Food Chem 99:381-387
5 Court WE. 2000. Ginseng: The Geneus Panax. Harwooed Academic publishers, Amsterdam, Netherlands pp.23-39
6 Dewanto V, Wu X, Adom KK, Liu RH. 2002a. Thermal processing enhances the nutritional value of tomatoes by increasing total antioxidant activity. J Agric Food Chem 50:3010-3014   DOI
7 Dewanto V, Xianzhong W, Liu RH. 2002b. Processed sweet corn has higher antioxidant activitiy. J Agric Food Chem 50:4959-4964   DOI
8 Do JH, Lee HO, Lee SK, Jang JK, Lee SD, Sung HS. 1993. Colorimetric determination of acidic polysaccharide from Panax ginseng, its extraction condition and stability. Korean J Ginseng Sci 17:139-144
9 Dubois M, Gilles KA, Hamilton JK, Robers PA, Smith F. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugar and related substances. Anal Chem 28:350-356   DOI
10 Hong HD, Kim YC, Rho J, Kim KT, Lee YC. 2007. Changes on physicochemical properties of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer during repeated steaming process. J Ginseng Res 31:222-229   DOI
11 Hwang IG, Woo KS, Kim TM, Kim DJ, Yang MH, Jeong HS. 2006. Change of physicochemical characteristics of Korean pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) juice with heat treatment conditions. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38:342-347
12 Jeong SM, Kim SY, Kim DR, Jo SC, Nam KC, Ahn DU, Lee SC. 2004. Effect of heat treatment on the antioxidant activity of extracts from cirtus peels. J Agric Food Chem 52:3389-3393   DOI
13 Jo HK, Sung MC, Ko SK. 2011. The comparison of ginseng prosapogenin composition and contents in red and black ginseng. Kor J Pharmacogn 42:361-365
14 Kwon OC. Woo KS, Kim TM, Kim DJ, Hong HT, Jeong HS. 2006. Physicochemical characteristics of garlic (Allium satiuum L.) on the high temperature and pressure treatment. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38:331-336
15 Kim EK, Lee JH, Cho SH, Sen GN, Jin LG, Myung CS, Oh HJ, Kim DH, Yun JD, Roh SS, Park YJ, Seo YB, Song GY. 2008. Preparation of black ginseng by new methods and its antitumor activity. Kor J Herbology 23:85-92
16 Kim WY, Kim JM, Han SB, Lee SK, Kim ND, Park MK, Kim CK, Park JH. 2000. Steaming of ginseng at high temperature enhances bilogical activity. J Nat Prod 63:1702-1704   DOI
17 Kwak YS, Choi KH, Kyung JS, Won JY, Rhee MH, Lee JG, Hwang MS, Kim SC, Park CK, Song KB, Han GH. 2008. Effect of high temperature heating on the some physicochemical properties of Korean red ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) water extract. J Ginseng Res 32:120-126   DOI
18 Lee JH, Shen GN, Kim EK, Shin HJ, Myung CS, Oh HJ, Kim DH, Roh SS, Cho W, Seo YB, Park YJ, Kang CW, Song GY. 2006a. Preparation of black ginseng and its antitumor activity. Korean J Oriental Physiology & Pathology 20:951-956
19 Lee SJ, Park DW, Jang HG, Kim CY, Park YS, Kim TC, Heo BG. 2006b. Total phenol content, electron donating ability and tyrosinase inhibition activity of pear cut branch extract. Kor J Hort Sci Technol 24:338-342
20 Nam KY, Ko SR, Choi KJ. 1999. Relationship of saponin and non-saponin for the quality of ginseng. J Ginseng Res 26: 17-25
21 Nam KY, Lee NR, Moon BD, Song GY, Shin HS, Choi JE. 2012. Changes of ginsenosides and color from black ginsengs prepared by steaming-drying cycles. Korean J Medicinal Crop 20:27-35   DOI
22 Park CK, Jeon BS, Yang JW. 2003. The chemical components of Korean ginseng. Korean J Food Industry Nutr 8:10-23
23 Woo KS, Hang KI, Kim KY, Lee HB, Jeong HS. 2006. Antioxidative activity of heat treated licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) extracts. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38: 355-360
24 Park JD. 1996. Recent studies on the chemical constituents of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Korean J Ginseng Sci 20:389-415
25 Park JH. 2004. Sun ginseng - A new processed ginseng with fortified activity. Food Ind Nutr 9:23-27
26 Singleton VL, Rossi JA. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolic with phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstric acid reagent. Am J Enol Vitic 16:144-158
27 Yang SJ, Woo KS, Yoo JS, Kang TS, Noh YH, Lee J, Jeong HS. 2006. Change of Korean ginseng components with high temperature and pressure treatment. Korean J Food Sci Technol 38:521-525
28 Yoon BR, Lee YJ, Hong HD, Lee YC, Kim YC, Rhee YK, Kim KT, Lee OH. 2012. Inhibitory effects of Panax ginseng C. A. Mayer treated with high temperature and high pressure on oxidative stress. Korean J Food Nutr 25:800-806   DOI