• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.339-349
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• 2013

This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between the Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) and the Korean Computerized Neurobehavioral Test (KCNT) and the usefulness of KCNT for discriminating the patients with suspected dementia from normal persons in patients with a brain injury. The results of each items of KCNT had passed the test for normality. T test for group comparison and bivariate correlation analysis for correlation between two tests were used. There were no significant differences in characteristics of two groups. The differences in results of eight tests of KCNT between two groups were statistically significant (p<.05) and the Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between two tests were statistically significant (p<.05) : simple reaction time (-.580), choice reaction time (-.341), color word vigilance (-.661), digit classification (-.703), 2-digit addition (-.582), 3-digit addition (-.610), symbol digit substitution (-.642), and digit span (.807). These results suggested that simple reaction time and 2-digit addition were useful in discriminating the patients with suspected dementia from normal persons because the Pearson correlation coefficients of the two items of KCNT showed anticlastic association between two groups. And each items of KCNT may use in follow up cognitive function for patients in two groups.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.224-236
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• 2017

This study analyzed the characteristics of traffic accidents among elderly drivers according to area type in Gyeonggido(urban areas, urban-rural complex areas, and rural areas). Traffic accidents caused by unsafe driving are common in all three types of areas. In urban areas and urban-rural complex areas, traffic accidents were more frequent due to traffic violations and intersection accidents, while rural areas were more affected by central lines. Urban areas and urban-rural complex areas require simpler signal exposures, such as a simple straight line, left turn, or straight line and left turn signal rather than complex signal operations, such as overlaps in a signal operation. Improvement of non-signal intersections and unprotected traffic signal processing is also needed. In order to prevent the intrusion of the central line in rural areas, the center line guard rail should be prevented from penetrating the center line, and the influence of the vehicle headlamp should be reduced in the opposite direction. It is necessary to improve the visibility by using fluorescent letters to enlarge the font size of traffic signs and road signs, particularly to increase visibility at night and prevent traffic accidents at sunset. Minimal, simplified should be provided rather than complex phrases and information.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.573-601
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• 2009

The present study investigated the perceptual span during reading Korean, using the moving-window display change technique introduced by McConkie and Rayner(1975). Eight different window sizes were used in Experiment 1. They were 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15 characters in size and the full line. Reading rate, number of fixation, saccadic distance, fixation duration were compared between each window-size condition and the full line condition. The reading rate was no higher in the full line condition than in the 15 character condition but was higher than in the other conditions. The number of fixations was no larger in the full line condition than in the 15 character condition, had a tendency to be larger than in the 13 characters condition, and was more than in the other conditions. The result pattern of the saccadic distance based on character was the same as that of the reading rate, and the saccadic distance based on the pixel was the same as that of the number of fixation. Similarly, for fixation duration, there was no differences between whole line condition and 15, 13, and 11 characters condition. The fixation duration had a tendency to be shorter in the 9 characters, and was shorter in the 7, 5, and 3 characters conditions than whole line condition. In Experiment 2, based on asymmetry of perceptual span, the 6 different window sizes(0, 1, 2, 3, 4 characters in size and the full line) were used. There was a difference only between the 0 condition and the other conditions in the reading rate, number of fixations, fixation duration. Considering the pattern of eye-movement measures above, the perceptual span of Korean readers extends about 6-7 characters to the right of fixation and 1 character to the left of fixation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.661-674
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• 2016

Despite a dramatic increase in the use of smartphones these days, the elderly's smartphone usage rate is relatively low. This is because there are some facts limiting the elderly's access to the smartphones: 1) aging in both physical and cognitive abilities and 2) complicated functions that are hard to see in the phones. In this study, we studied how Korean typography influence the elderly's legibility and extracted proper Korean typography factors that would best suit the elderly when they use the smartphones. As a result of the study and legibility evaluation for the 24 seniors over 65, we could witness the excellence of 13pt font size compared to 11 or 12 and the Serif typeface as being better than San Serif typeface. On the other hand, the space between the letters and lines did not make a big influence on the elderly's readability. From the preference evaluation, there were no differences found between Serif typeface and San Serif typeface. However, a bigger font size was preferred in the order of 13pt, 12pt, and 11pt. There was no difference in preference found regarding the space between the letters and the lines. We expect that proper Korean typography in smartphones could help the elderly in using the smartphones well.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.42
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• pp.241-262
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• 2016

British TV Channel 4 is one of the famous TV Channel in the world. Its station ID has also played a leading role in the developments of Motion Graphics including station IDs. This station ID's main visual design concept is its name and an iconic logo '4' at the same time. The first channel 4 station ID was designed by using modular typography to construct the iconic '4'. Modular typography is a technique of creating letters with similar elements. Channel 4's station ID was constructed from coloured polygons. The polygons split and converge at the same point in 3D space. Modularity in Channel 4's station ID is evidenced by the similar units of polygons. After the first station ID, Channel 4 was re-branded. Eventhough the station IDs which followed did not use coloured and geometrical polygons, modularity is seen in most of the station IDs especially between 2004 - 2011. In these station IDs, the iconic '4' is formed from similar natural and environmental objects like rocks, buildings, lights etc. In this analysis paper, there is a visual narrative on the history of Channel 4, the concept of modular typography in the original station ID and the application of modular typography in other Channel 4's station IDs.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2016

This paper discusses a method of selecting variant groups to be reviewed for LGR (Label Generation Rule) of Internet Top-Level Hanja Domain. The most difficult problem in setting up LGR of Internet Top-Level Hanja Domain is how to treat Hanja variants. If domains containing variants (e.g.: 東海國) are directed to different addresses, confusion will arise. Therefore, it is desirable that such domains are directed to the same address. Since variant groups of Korea and China are not same, we need to unify variant groups of Korea and China. In the process of reviewing 3093 Chinese variant groups, the author found that Korea does not need to review Chinese variant groups which include no or just one Korean Hanja character. Korea only need to review Chinese variant groups which include two or more Korean Hanja characters. By doing so, the author could reduce the number of Chinese variant groups to be reviewed by Korea from 3093 to 303, which is only one-tenth of the original number of Chinese variant groups. After Korea finishes reviewing 303 Chinese variant groups selected according to the method suggested in this paper, the job of setting up LGR of Internet Top-Level Hanja domain will be accelerated by negotiating with China.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.2400-2410
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• 2000

Many researches on recognition of Korean characters have been undertaken. But while the majority are done on Korean character recognition, tasks for developing document recognition system have seldom been challenged. In this paper, I designed a recognizer of Korean courtesy amounts to improve error correction in recognized character string. From the very first step of Korean character recognition, we face the enormous scale of data. We have 2350 characters in Korean. Almost the previous researches tried to recognize about 1000 frequently-used characters, but the recognition rates show under 80%. Therefore using these kinds of recognizers is not efficient, so we designed a statistical multiple recognizer which recognize 16 Korean characters used in courtesy amounts. By using multiple recognizer, we can prevent an increase of errors. For the Postprocessor of Korean courtesy amounts, we use the properties of Korean character strings. There are syntactic rules in character strings of Korean courtesy amounts. By using this property, we can correct errors in Korean courtesy amounts. This kind of error correction is restricted only to the Korean characters representing the unit of the amounts. The first candidate of Korean character recognizer show !!i.49% of recognition rate and up to the fourth candidate show 99.72%. For Korean character string which is postprocessed, recognizer of Korean courtesy amounts show 96.42% of reliability. In this paper, we suggest a method to improve the reliability of Korean courtesy amounts recognition by using the Korean character recognizer which recognize limited numbers of characters and the postprocessor which correct the errors in Korean character strings.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-12
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• 2016

The number of visually-impaired people using a smartphone is currently increasing with the help Text-to-Speech(TTS). TTS converts text data in a mobile application into sound data, and it only allows sequential search. For this reason, the location of buttons and contents inside an application should be determined carefully. However, little attention has been made on TTS service environment during the development of mobile newspaper application. This makes visually-impaired people difficult to use these applications. Furthermore, a mobile application interface which also reflects the desire of the low vision is necessary. Therefore, this paper presents a mobile newspaper interface which considers the accessibility and the desire of various visually impaired people. To this end, the proposed interface locates buttons with the consideration of TTS service environment and provides search functionality. The proposed interface also enables visually impaired people to use the application smoothly by filtering out the words that are pronounced improperly and providing the proper explanation for every button. Finally, several functionalities such as increasing font size and color reversal are implemented for the low vision. Simulation results show that the proposed interface achieves better performance than other applications in terms of search speed and usability.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was investigated to evaluate the effect of the variation of the face form angle(FFA) of spectacle frame on the visual acuity and the visual function. Methods: The visual acuity, the contrast sensitivity, the stereopsis, and the phoria were measured with the spectacle frame whose the FFA is at $5^{\circ}$ and $25^{\circ}$ and the surveys were conducted on subjective symptoms. Here, 30 adults (14 men and 16 women, average age:$25.46{\pm}3.9$), who did not have ocular diseases and were fully corrected in case of having had refractive error, were to act as experimental subjects for this measurement. Results: The visual acuity and the contrast sensitivity was decreased and the phoria was tended to increase to the esophoria direction at the FFA $25^{\circ}$ than at the FFA $5^{\circ}$. The stereopsis was significantly reduced at the FFA $25^{\circ}$ than at the FFA $5^{\circ}$. Also when the FFA was larger, the higher the degree of refractive error was, the more the increase of the subjective symptoms such as being blurred characters, being disturbed head, and having sore eyes was, which reveals a statistically significant correlation between them. Conclusions: If the FFA increases, the visual acuity, the contrast sensitivity and the stereopsis was found to decrease and the phoria to increase to the esophoria direction. Therefore it shows that the variation of the FFA of spectacle frame can influence the visual acuity and the visual function.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-52
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• 2006

There has been a claim that Interaction between the cerebral hemispheres could reduce the effect interfering information (Weissman & Banich, 1999). We ran three experiments to show that between-hemisphere separation of target and distractor could be more effective for reducing interference than Interaction between the hemispheres. In experiment 1, a colored box and a rotor name were presented to a single or to separate hemispheres. In experiment 2 and 3, a colored circle (distractor) was presented along with a colored box and a color name which was always printed in black. In experiment 3, a peripheral cue was presented either to the target location(66.7%) or to the distractor location(33.3%) Immediately before the presentation of stimuli. In all experiments, the participants were asked to deride whether the moaning of the color matched the rotor of the box, Ignoring the printed rotor of the word(Exp. 1), or the color of the circle(Exp. 2 & 3). There were three renditions of distractor (congruent, incongruent, and neutral) and two conditions of matching (between- and within-hemisphere matching). If interhemispheric interaction were effective for interference reduction, there should be a decrease in the interference in the between-hemisphere compared to the within-hemisphere matching condition. The results showed that there was no difference in the interference between the two matching conditions in Exp 1. In Exp 2 and in the target-cue renditions of Exp. 3, the amount of interference in the between-hemisphere condition was greater than that in the within-hemisphere condition. These findings are consistent with what we have previously reported (Sohn et al., 1996, Sohn & Lee, 2003). However, when the distractor was precued in Exp. 3, the amount of interference did not differ between the two marching conditions. These results suggest that between-hemisphere separation of target and distractor can be more effective for reducing response interference than interhemispheric communication. It implies a possible role of an interhemispheric shielding mechanism (Merola & Liederman, 1985) to prevent the transfer of task-irrelevant, harmful information across the hemispheres.