• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.229-262
• /
• 2015

Toxic tort cases have increased dramatically since the 1970s, as large technological systems, such as nuclear power plants and chemical factories, or mass-produced, high-tech products, had exposed citizens and consumers to dangerous substances. It was, however, difficult to establish causal connection between exposure and the alleged harms in many of the environmental, pollution, and product liability cases under the framework of tort law conception of causation and responsibility. Science and law was called upon to resolve such 'late modern' legal cases where true causes are hard to find, where no single explanatory factor is sufficient for explaining diseases like cancer. This article examines how plaintiffs in the Korean tobacco litigation mobilized such late modern tools in science and law, such as epidemiology and the allocation of the burden of proof, in the context of the global circulation of science and law. It further shows how a set of the scientific theories and legal arguments developed in order to cope with late modern risk played a central role in establishing a causation between smoking and cancer in 2011. This article suggests that STS scholars can fruitfully examine the interaction between science and law as a way to understand and engage with social and legal issues engendered by late modern risk.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-30
• /
• 2018

This study examines the major changes of research about science and technology administrative system and innovation governance, and suggests future direction through critical review. The subjects of the analysis are papers of such as Korean Public Administration Review, Journal of Technology Innovation and policy reports and government documents published by national research institutes. As a result of the analysis, the research itself has evolved from the part of the government organization to the unique field and main focused historical, normative, comparative analysis and institutional approach. In addition, coordination and integration of science and technology policies have been regarded as important issues in research, and innovation system (NIS) and governance perspectives have begun to be reflected in research. However, it reveals some issues such as small government theory vs big government theory, governance theory vs control tower theory, and shows limitations in problem definition and solution inconsistency, and lack of grand and detailed discourse. Future challenges include the pursuit of evolutionary rationality, the pursuit of diversity in multidimensional research and methods, development of korean policy theory and securing universality.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.267-282
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 농촌관광사업의 Stakeholders간의 관계 측면에서 참여주민의 특성이 개발기관과 주민조직의 특성과 어떤 관계가 있으며, 이 세 요소가 개발 성과에 어떤 인과관계가 있는지를 밝히는데 있다. 참여주민의 특성으로 사회와 참여주민에 대한 가치체계, 즉 사회자본의 요소들인 신뢰, 규범, 공동체의식 및 네트워크에의 참여를, 개발기관의 특성으로 지원내용과 지원만족도를, 그리고 주민주직의 특성으로 주민조직의 경영역량인 기획, 조직, 지도력, 통제를 측정항목으로 설정하였다. 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 45개 마을에서 227명의 농촌관광 참여자들을 대상으로 상관분석과 경로 분석을 실시하였다. 경로분석 결과 사회자본이 사업성과에 미치는 직접적인 효과는 0.60으로 상당 부분의 영향을 미침을 설명하고 있었다. 반면 개발기관의 지원특성은 주민조직의 경영역량과 유의성 있는 상관이 있었으나 사업성과에 직접적인 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 개발사업의 효과가 외부지원에 의해서가 아니라 주민 자체의 역량에 의해서 결정됨을 설명한다. 농촌관광사업이 효과를 얻기 위해서는 공동체의식, 주민과 개발기관간의 상호 신뢰감 조성 등 주민의식의 고양이 필요하며, 특히 주민조직체의 경영역량 함량을 위해 제도적 지원이 강화되어야 할 것이다.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.04a
• /
• pp.589-609
• /
• 2005

현대는 지식사회이다. 이는 사회복지영역에서도 예외일 수 없다. 사회복지영역에서 지식의 중요성은 이미 오래 전에 합의되었다. 그렇지만 ICT(Information Communication Technology)의 급격한 발달은 사회복지영역에서도 적지 않은 논의를 불러일으켰다. 본 연구에서는 10의 영향은 이미 전제되어있는 상태에서 변화된 조직 관리를 실증적으로 파악하고자 하였다. 사회복지가 사회의 구조적이고 파생적 문제해결에 중심을 둔 실천과학이라는 정체성을 획득하고자 하는 단초적 시도로서 지식관리가 필요하다는 전제하에, 지식관리 중 지식공유를 중심으로 연구를 진행시켰다. 즉 사회복지영역에서 이루어지는 지식공유는 어느 정도이며, 그 결과는 어떤 조직적 성과를 산출하고, 또 이러한 지식공유에 영향을 주는 전제 조건은 무엇인지를 부산광역시 사회복지담당공무원을 중심으로 파악하였다. 지식공유 관련 요인을 11개의 요인으로 재구성하여 이를 구성요인별로 나누어 분석한 결과, 동료관계 망, 보상, 상부관계, 조직 규범, 의사소통 둥의 조직 환경이 지식공유와 조직성과에 큰 영향을 주고 있으며, 특히 조직성과에 미치는 직접적 영향력 보다 지식공유를 고려한 상태의 전체 영향력이 강하게 나타나 지식공유가 조직성과에 직접적인 영향을 주고 있었다. 이에 사회복지 조직에서 조직성과를 높이는 지식공유를 원활하게 할 수 있는 환경 조성의 노력과 아울러 추후과제로서 여타 사회복지 기관에서의 지식관리 관련 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2011

Our distribution industry still lacks legal and institutional supplementary frameworks. Therefore, we urgently need systematic supporting schemes for targeting small merchants, including those in traditional markets. In 2004, the scope of and target for traditional markets took shape through the enactment of the 'Special Act for Nurturing the Traditional Markets'. Though restricted to a single market, it expanded the target and scope to include markets and stores, market improvement districts, and business improvement districts. However, the Special Act for Nurturing the Traditional Markets, the criterion for the revitalization of and support for the traditional market, applies a uniform standard. Accordingly, the Special Act for Nurturing the Traditional Markets has revealed problems, such as the deficit of legitimate ideas about unregistered markets. This study identifies the problems with the Special Act for Nurturing the Traditional Markets. We take the Moranjang case as an example. This study offers the problems new insight. We discuss the problems in terms of their empirical reality. We focus on unregistered markets, which are not protected by law. Most previous studies have applied empirical methods, but this study also provides legal and institutional perspectives on the prospect for efficient outcomes by applying the normative study methods applicable in the field.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2007

This study seeks to understand the effects of information search activities and brand image on the hotel patronage intention based on the theory of reasoned action. First, it investigates the influence of attitude formed about hotel on the patronage intention. Second, it seeks to develope an alternative to TRA by looking into the effects of hotel image variable on hotel-specific attitude and patronage intention and attempts to substantiate the role of brand image as a substitute to subjective norm to increase the TRA's explanatory power. The main finding of this study are as follow; First, out of the three components of cognitive evaluation of hotel (human service, physical service and information service), human and physicial services were found to have significant influence on patronage intention. Brand image was found to exert notable influence on attitude toward hotel as well as patronage intention. Remarkably, the finding that brand image positively enhanced the TRA model sheds new strategic insight as to the usefulness of brand image as an alternative to overcome the TRA's limitation stemming from subjective norm. Third, it was learned that study subjects gave more weight to external information sources such as TV, radio, newspaper, magazine, and internet than to internal sources such as individual knowledge, experience or self image.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.554-562
• /
• 2014

This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing toothbrushing behaviors of elementary school students by adding the variable of 'self-efficacy' to the behavioral model based on the theory of planned behavior. To collect the data for an analysis, the self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 443 students in 4th to 6th grades of elementary school placed in Inchon Metropolitan City. The statistical package of PASW 18.0 was employed for the analysis. Results of the analysis revealed that the toothbrushing intention was explained by the subjective norm (${\beta}=0.343$), the self-efficacy (${\beta}=0.171$), the perceived behavioral control (${\beta}=0.163$), and the attitude toward the tooth-brushing behavior (${\beta}=0.135$). The toothbrushing behavior was explained by the toothbrushing intention (${\beta}=0.355$) and the self-efficacy (${\beta}=0.113$). The synthesis of such results suggested that both parents and teachers in school who would be influential to students should guide elementary school students to be habituated to the right toothbrushing. Also it was estimated that the students should understand the importance of toothbrushing through proper oral health education, and they should also become confident in spontaneous toothbrushing by providing them with an environment that could help them practicing the toothbrushing easily.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.669-676
• /
• 2010

Regulatory fit occurs when the way people act accords with their goal orientation the activity. When there is regulatory fit, to pursue a goal feels light and also increases the value of what a person is doing-value from fit. Value from fit can be transferred to other value experiences such as monetary value. Present research proposes that regulatory fit occurs when the domain in which a decision or an evaluation is made sustains the decision maker's chronic goal orientation, and this regulatory fit affects the value that he or she assigns to the object. In Experiment 1, participants with chronic promotion or prevention focus evaluated their preference and purchase intention on 14 design products including positive and negative emotional valences. Results showed that evaluations on the product design (promotion domain) were more extreme under promotion than prevention, F(1, 95) 4.87, p < .05. In Experiment 2 with 16 moral scenarios including prescriptive and proscriptive morality, prevention-focus individuals evaluated immoral behaviors as more immoral than promotion-focus individuals only in the proscriptive scenarios (prevention domain), F(1, 139) = 4.14, p < .05. In prescriptive scenarios, regulatory fit effect was not found. Findings from both experiments suggest that regulatory fit occurs when the domain of an issue that people engage in sustains their goal orientation.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.233-263
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the appropriateness of Regulatory Impact Analysis(RIA) in terms of the technological regulation impact assessment in order to confirm whether the current RIA process reflects the important characteristics of technological regulation. This paper develops a logical framework for analysis of technological regulation and evaluates the appropriateness of the RIA statements submitted by the government departments. From the viewpoint of [technological feasibility of regulation], [synthesis of domestic technological norms], [synthesis of international technological norms], as a result of evaluating the contents of the actual RIA statement on the basis of objective facts, feasibility of alternative analysis, and expert judgment, only 23.4% of the RIA statements were judged "appropriate", and there were no particular differences among the government. As a result of reviewing the appropriateness of RIA statements according to regulatory attributes, the appropriateness of RIA statements on technological regulation with social regulatory and indirect regulatory attributes was rather high. In sum, the level of Korean RIA statements is insufficient to carry out the practical meaning of technological regulation impact assessment. That is, as each government department adopts technological regulation, the understanding of the technological properties of the regulation may not be complete. The RIA statement that does not adequately reflect the technological rationale, hinders the careful review of other regulatory alternatives by exaggerating the feasibility of the technology regulation, at the same time leads to the serious problems that impede the acquisition of competitiveness of companies and the public in the global competition system.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.241-269
• /
• 2011

Solar flare and storm may give an adverse effect upon electromagnetic environment around the Earth, so that various kinds of satellite cease to normally function. This kind of space storm disaster is characterized by the uncertainty about when and what size. Recently the UN has been paying attention to this plausible disaster. Particularly the COPUOS has taken the view that this disaster would threaten the sustainable space environment. The precautionary principle, rooted and excercised in the environment protection filed, has been adopted in the case of disaster with uncertainty. The reports and opinions given by the expert and representatives of the member States have stated that the precautionary principle should be adopted for the purpose of dealing with this disaster. On the other hand, it is advanced that the principle has been already included in the space law principle enshrined in the 1967 Space Treaty. The Treaty has adopted the freedom of navigation and use of the outer space for the interest of all States as the basic principles. Sustainable environment is necessary for implementing the principle. Therefore, the rules for the protection of sustainable space environment should be based upon the space law principle.