• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.53-84
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• 2018

With the change of society and the rapid development of science and technology, the direction of future education and the functions of schools have changed. Also the roles and tasks of teachers are changing rapidly. As Germany entered into the 21st century, many discussions let to a consensus on the direction of future education and schooling withholding a sense of responsibility and solidarity for the education of all members of the society. As a result, standards for the training of general teachers and teachers for special education were presented. The purpose of this study is to compare the standard contents of teacher training for special education in Germany with the qualification criteria for special school, teachers in Korea, focusing on evaluation and giving as well detailed information on the examination of teachers for special school, as on basic subjects for the qualification of special school teachers for special education in Korea will be explored. As a result, the content of this study can be summarized by four items. The first one is dealing with the creation of a consciousness of solidarity and a sense of responsibility among the members of the society for the future education and the role of schools and teachers. The second item ist about including the capacity and competence of teachers in the restructuring of the school and in the minimum standards of teacher training for special education. Third, the specificity of each state (provincial and local) is considered in the content of standards for teacher training. Fourth, standards for teacher training are linked to each other, previous teacher education, trainee teacher education, and current teacher education.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.11
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• pp.15-40
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• 2005

'Governance' is a subject that is widely discussed these days in the government and the academic world. I think that the new concept, 'governance', is a strategy to develop the democracy of the society in its institutional and functional aspects. When we are going to discuss about governance, public records and their relationships, without understanding the meaning of 'public' in Korea, we cannot expect to discuss the matter precisely. It is said that Korean public service sectors are awash with authoritarianism and unreasonableness, and that they are at the center of seething corruption and bribe scandals. It is the legacy that the regimes adopted in the aftermath of the Japanese colonial rule for 35 years. The colonial legacy included not simply the practice of the Japanese colony, but also people who had collaborated the Japanese. The American military government and Rhee, Sung-Man regime also appointed the same officials to government posts. As was the same case in other areas including economy, press, education, politics, law, etc. In this point of view, "Righting historical wrongs", a controversial issue now in Korea, aims at establishing the right relationships between an individual and the public, and eventually laying the foundation of democracy for future generation, a procedure of achieving good governance. Apparently, Korea has made progress in developing democracy, as well as in reforming the government policy and organization. Many independent commissions are performing the projects instead of the government institutions that mandated to do the job, but has not played their roles. The e-government projects in Korea was launched in 2001 by the former administration. However, the confusion of records-management after the promulgation of the act is the result of the lack of strategy and the inconsistency of the vision. Good record-keeping supports effective, transparent and accountable government. Accountability is a key element of good governance. It is a recognized fact that without information, there is no guidance for decision-making, and accountability. Thus without records, there is no accountability for the decisions of actions. Transparency means that the decisions taken and their enforcement are carried out based on led-out rules and regulations. When both accountability and transparency are non-existent, good governance is bound to fail. Archival institutions have to give an attention to inner-governance because of the new trend of archival practice, namely 'macro-appraisal'. This 'macro-appraisal' is a kind of a functions-based approach. However, macro-appraisal focuses not just on function, but on the three-way interaction of function, structure and citizen, which combined reflect the functioning of the state within civil society, that is to say, its governance. In conclusion, the public and democracy are major challenges in the Korean society. The so-called good governance requires good record management. In this respect, records managers are in the front line of instituting good governance, and achieving better public and democracy for future generation, a procedure of achieving good governance.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.140-159
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• 2013

The wooden stupa of Hwangyongsa temple - which was designed and constructed by master craftsman Abigi of the Baekje Dynasty during the Silla Dynasty between the 12th year of Queen Seondeok (AD 643) and AD 646 - can be regarded as a typical Korean wooden stupa. However, it was destroyed by fire during an invasion by the Mongolians in AD 1238 during the Koryo Dynasty. In spite of progress in research for the restoration of the wooden stupa, there are some remains to be re-considered in regard to ruins, relics and literature previously discovered. In particular, research conducted on frame construction and structure can be considered an important basis for restoration. However, previous studies seem to have not attempted to establish structural and formative characteristics of the wooden stupa based on the indigenous techniques and styles of traditional Korea, but general characteristics of the wooden stupa biased toward cultural interchange with neighbouring countries. As such, in this study the frame construction and structure of the wooden stupa of Hwangyongsa temple were analysed and considered in detail based on the re-interpretation of literature which can be a clue about the structure of the stupa, related ruins of the 7th century period, and previous studies. As a result, this paper supposed and presented a model picture for the plane arrangement of pillars, structural methods for Dwibburi (뒤뿌리) of Haangjae (하앙재), Shimju (심주), and other key areas. The author hopes that this study contributes substantially to research on the wooden stupa of ancient Korea and to the establishment of construction and structural methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.535-541
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of fishery in offshore wind farms and evaluate the risk linked to the presence of turbines and submarine cables in these areas. With this objective, we studied an offshore wind farm in the Southwest Sea and the current state of vessels in the surrounding National Fishing Port. The risk assessment criteria for 22 fishing gears and methods were set by referring to the fishing boats; thereafter, the risk was assessed by experts. The fishing gears and methods that could be safely operated (i.e., associated with low risk) in the offshore wind farm were: single-line fishing, jigging, and the anchovy lift net. The risk was normal so that it is possible to operate, but the fishing gears and methods that need attention are: the set long line, drifting long line, troll line, squid rip hook, octopus pot, webfoot octopus pot, coastal fish pot, stow net on stake, winged stow net, stationary gill net, and drift gill net. Moreover, the fishing gears and methods difficult to operate in the of shore wind farm (i.e., associated with high risk) were: the dredge, beam trawl, and purse seine. Finally, those associated with very high risk and that should not be allowed in offshore wind farms were: the stow net, anchovy drag net, otter trawl, Danish seine, and bottom pair trawl.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.60
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• pp.49-88
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• 2019

Today, the civil society plays a key role not only in criticizing and monitoring the functions of the state and the market, but also as an active producer of public services by complementing the government and the public sector. Public records management is also becoming more and more popular. In the case of appraisal and selection, which is the core area of record management, discussions about citizen participation are becoming more serious than any other areas. The concept of 'proactive appraisal', which has emerged as a paradigm of citizens' participation in appraisal, reminds us that citizens themselves are the subjects of public records and are no longer alienated from the appraisal system. The problem is, while the growth of the Korean civil society about institutional participation is spreading rapidly, but citizen participation is hard to find in the field of public records. The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of citizen participation in the process of appraisal of public records, and to debunk the role of citizen participation in the appraisal processes by exploring the examples in the UK, Canada, and Australia. This paper emphasizes that the appraisal system of the national public records in crisis today could be largely restored through the domestic application of this active citizen participation cases. First of all, this study presents a conceptual appraisal model that could reflect citizen participation in the field of record management along with the analyses of the advanced cases in some western countries. Specifically, this paper focuses on presenting the models of 'appraisal documentation' and 'governance-based appraisal', reflecting the active citizen participation. This study suggests that these citizens' participatory evaluation models should be settled in Korea in the future and we should urgently discuss 'citizen participation appraisal'.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.48
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• pp.5-44
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• 2016

This paper examines the characteristics of the May 18th (5 18) Gwangju Democratization Movement archives to suggest a collection development strategy for the May 18th archives collection network. Individual public and civilian archives collecting the May 18th archives separately should form a cooperative collection network based on documentation strategy. Most of all, May 18th archives are human rights records and should be understood and collected as human rights records. International principles support the collection of the May 18th archives as human rights archives by prohibiting destruction of relevant temporary records and encouraging the victims' right to access to their records. As the May 18th archives were mostly produced by many multiple agencies, this multi-provenance and diversity of the records necessitate the building of an archives portal for the records registries and online search. To document the undocumented past and the victims, the collection network should focus on oral history project as a major part of its collection development strategy. Finally, the May 18th archives collection network should build a cooperative relations with the unwilling public agencies which have the archives holdings. Therefore, the collection development strategy should include advocacy and awareness activities for promoting cooperation from these public agencies and public archives, and the people in general.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.35
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• pp.93-132
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• 2013

It is principle that the National Assembly Minutes are open to the general public based on the Constitution of the Republic of Korea. However, it will not be released to the public when the minutes are produced at a meeting held privately -the closed minutes- and the parts of the minutes are not published because of 'the demands on keeping confidential of the Chairman of the National Assembly or needs for the National Security' based on the National Assembly Act article 118 clause 1. These two minutes infringe the democratic rights, the public's rights to know seriously by reason that there are no procedures to disclose to the public. Especially the non-published parts of the minutes are highly likely in breach of the constitution. This paper will deal with the regulations and guidelines related to the disclosure of the closed minutes focusing on the United States and the United Kingdom where developing countries on the parliamentary democracy. Then, it is suggested placing an emphasis on the legal aspects that the plans to make public of the closed minutes and non published parts of the minutes based on the reviewed results of the committee of the National Assembly Archives and the initiative proposed by the member of the National Assembly, Jung Chang-rae in the last 2004.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.138-148
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• 2021

In this paper, the basic narrative of The Sweet Home is the story that the residents of the apartment fight and survive the monsters in the isolated circumstances from the outside. This paper analysed the narrative and revealed the characteristics of the NETFLIX drama, The Sweet Home, and dealt with the ethics of contagion, core issue of the drama. Firstly, in the drama Sweet Home, the boundary between the men and the monsters collapses from the contagion. The drama shows the aspects of the apocalyptical world through the optical images, and reveals the main contagion cause is the desire and fury of the human to dominate the others. In the drama, we can see the duality that the characters sometimes stand in solidarity with, and often abuse the others. This story reflects the times after 2000s that the boundary between the man and the monster eclipses. Secondly, the drama shows that the ethics of the others popping up after the contagion is violent and thus can go to the totalitarianism. When the residents are shot by the troopers of the nation, the governmental authority shows its brutality. In this situation, the residents recognize their past behaviors and embrace the others. However, in the point that the characters' selfless behaviors could cover up the complaints and the fury of young generations after 2000s, The Sweet Home is a problematic drama.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2011

Six commonly used non-linear growth functions were fitted to individual tree height-dbh data of eight major tree species measured by the $5^{th}$ National Forest Inventory in Chungcheong province. A total of 2,681 trees were collected from permanent sample plots across Chungcheong province. The available data for each species were randomly splitted into two sets: the majority (90%) was used to estimate model parameters and the remaining data (10%) were reserved to validate the models. The performance of the models was compared and evaluated by $R^2$, RMSE, mean difference (MD), absolute mean difference (AMD) and mean difference(MD) for diameter classes. The combined data (100%) were used for final model fitting. The results showed that these six sigmoidal models were able to capture the height-diameter relationships and fit the data equally well, but produced different asymptote estimates. Sigmoidal growth models such as Chapman-Richards, Weibull functions provided the most satisfactory height predictions. The effect of model performance on stem volume estimation was also investigated. Tree volumes of different species were computed by the Forest Resources Evaluation and Prediction Program using observed range of diameter and the predicted tree total height from the six models. For trees with diameter less than 30 cm, the six height-dbh models produced very similar results for all species, while more differentiation among the models was observed for large-sized trees.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.41
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• pp.247-270
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• 2014

Multiculturalism may be deeply connected with the diversities of cultures and enlightenment discussed in the context that we live together with the specification of cultures derived from any spatial conditions overtly and covertly. People live on their own customs compatible with their space and the time, and they make their boundaries of races, nations, and national memories. In such a way each of them treats each other exclusively and is inclined not to recognize being of the others. Also people are apt to recognize the others unessentially and overlook the others's value and way of life. As a result they might destroy the foundation of symbiotic livings conditions on their own. On the other hand they pretend to search for the cultural diversities of the others and include them under their own universalities, resulting in conflicts. Hence it is required that we should make an efforts to prepare the fields for living together through getting over the problem of the recognition of matters and affairs before us. From the above-told critical mind this thesis seeks the multicultural relativities and more arrives at the relationalities discussed by East-Asiatic philosophers of Chuang Tzu and Ch'oe Han-gi. Especially by gazing at the idea of the interconnectedness which means activities, changeabilities and mobilities, appeared on the idea of Ch'oe Han-Gi's revolving transformation, it is stressed that the communications of the local with each other in the various aspects of, e.g. materials, regions and cultures should be achieved.