• Title/Summary/Keyword: 관찰체계

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Implicit Representation of Gender Stereotype: Priming Effects of Attribute Typicality and Gender Congruency (성별 고정관념의 암묵적 표상: 성별의 속성 전형성과 집단 일치성의 점화효과)

  • 이재호;방희정
    • Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 2003
  • Two experiments were conducted to explore the implicit representation of gender-stereotype using primed naming task for prime-target pairs. In Experiment 1, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce person's names which differed in typicality and preference of gender's attributes. The results showed that gender congruent effects was not found, but typicality effects and interactions were found. In Experiment 2, Participants were presented gender's attributes as primes at SOA 250ms and were asked to pronounce gender's attributes which differed in typicality of gender's attributes. The results showed that woman's attributes superiority effects were found, but typicality effects were not. These results were discussed from a point of view of graded representation of gender stereotype and asymmetrical processing of gender stereotype to priming conditions in the implicit level.

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How Do Pre-Service Teachers Disprove $0.99{\cdots}$ <1? (예비교사들은 $0.99{\cdots}$ <1라는 주장을 어떻게 반박하는가?)

  • Lee, Jihyun
    • School Mathematics
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    • v.16 no.3
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    • pp.491-502
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    • 2014
  • This paper analyzed pre-service teachers' justification of $0.99{\cdots}$=1 from their disproof of $0.99{\cdots}$ <1. Some pre-service teachers thought of the difference between $0.99{\cdots}$ and 1 as an infinitesimal. On the contrary, the others claimed that the difference between $0.99{\cdots}$ and 1 was zero as the standard real, but were content with their intuitive justifications. The pre-service teachers' limitation revealed in the process of disproving $0.99{\cdots}$ <1 can be closely related to the orthodox view: the standard real number system is the only absolutely true number system. The existence of nonstandard real number system in which $0.99{\cdots}$ is less than 1, shows that the plain question of whether or not $0.99{\cdots}$ equals 1, cannot be properly answered by common explanations of textbooks or teachers' intuitive justification.

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A Research for Shorebirds on the Southernmost of Nakdong Estuary (낙동강 하구 최남단 사주의 도요.물떼새류에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Soon-Bok
    • The Korean Journal of Ecology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.199-206
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    • 2005
  • Estuary islets should be managed systematically because they are important places for birds to rest and breed. This paper investigates the environmental properties of islets where the sand banks are located from east to west on the southernmost of Nakdong estuary during a year (September 2003 $\sim$ August 2004). The research showed that 59 species and 19,148 individuals were found in the area A (Jangja Shinja-Do) and 61 species and 28,394 individuals in the area B (Saja-Do; Beakhapdeung Doyodeung). Totally, 74 species and 47,539 individuals were observed in both of this estuary. Shorebirds are the most observed species in both areas. In area, most of individuals were especially observed in the spring when Shorebirds migrate northward for breeding. In B area, various species were also observed in the fall when they migrate southward for wintering. Therefore, many groups of birds are observed around Shinja-Do in the spring. They passed the winter in Doyodueng, associated with feeding in the main stream of Nakdong river mainly. Although the southernmost sand bar is the breeding place to access to outside without interception, invasion by human beings and predators (mice, weasels and etc.) gives a fatal blow for birds to breed or rest. The reed which is a tall herbaceous plant is flourished according to the process of ecological succession. Therefore, the sand bar becomes a land. It results in reduction of habitats and breeding grounds for birds. In conclusion, these areas where birds can use the islets as habits and breeding places must be preserved by restraining luxuriance of reeds and systematic management of human beings and predators is necessary.

An Understanding of Secondary Science Teachers' Performance on STEAM Lessons in the Perspective of the CHAT (중등 과학교사의 융합인재교육(STEAM) 실행에 대한 문화역사적 활동이론(CHAT) 측면에서의 이해)

  • Choi, Sookyeong;Kim, Minhwan;Noh, Taehee
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.949-959
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    • 2015
  • In this case study, we analyzed the STEAM lessons conducted by secondary science teachers in the perspective of the CHAT. Two science teachers at high schools in Seoul participated in this study. All of the teaching-learning materials were collected before lessons, and their lessons were observed and videotaped. We also observed the atmospheres in both school offices and classrooms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted before and after their lessons. All the data collected were categorized according to the elements of the activity system and analyzed by using the constant comparative method. The analyses of the results revealed that both teachers did not consider the student-centered self-directed activities in their STEAM lessons, but that they differed in the subject element such as teacher's professionalism on STEAM. Various elements of the activity system such as environmental characteristics of the school and policies about the STEAM influenced the performance of their STEAM lessons. Contradictions in the elements of the activity system brought about various changes. Successful experiences of the STEAM lessons by complex effects of the elements positively influenced their performances on their STEAM lessons. Based on these results, we have made some suggestions for the establishment of the STEAM in secondary schools.

A Study on the Characteristics of Planning of Hwa-sung from the Point of Water System (수체계로 본 수원화성 건설의 계획적 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, In-Ae
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.137-147
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    • 2011
  • This study aims to find out the construction process and planning characteristics of Suwon and Hwa-sung in 18th century from the point of water system. This study has an explanatory approach. The planning intents in the water system was driven out by analyzing various planning elements in relation to water system in the process of constructing Hwa-sung in 18th century. Using Entire Map of Hwa-sung, land registration map made in 1911 and topographic map of 1/10,000 scale made in 1917, water system and interpretation of spatial structure in Hwa-sung were analyzed. The results are as follows(Planning characteristics of the water system in Haw-sung in 18th century are as follows). Firstly, in determining the spatial structure and location of Hwa-sung, water system had an important role. Secondly, integrated drainage system was planned by the organization of natural and artificial water stream. Thirdly, the main street system and land use structure were planned in relation with water system. Fourthly, territoriality of main area was planned with water stream. Fifthly, ponds were constructed for flood control and they had important role as landscape elements. Sixthly, water stream was used as intentional BiBo element. As a result of the study, the weater system of Hwa-sung in 18th century was planned by the organization of natural and artificial water stream in relation with the location of new town and wide area's spatial structure, street system, land use structure, territoriality of main area, terriflood control, water quality protection, landscape, 비보 and urban daily life.

A Semiotic Analysis of the Formation of Ecologically Educational Place Identity through Nature Trails in National Parks (국립공원 자연관찰로를 통한 생태교육적 장소정체성 형성에 대한 기호학적 해석)

  • Kim, Dong-Ryeul;Choi, Song-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.373-394
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    • 2022
  • This study aimed to find out the formation of ecologically educational place identity of nature trails in national parks, which elementary school students to adults can understand, by analyzing the connectivity between characteristics (signs) of nature trails and elementary science environment-related key concepts and the domain of ecological education in the course of environment and by developing a semiotic interpretation model of place identity based on Barthes's semiotic theory. When analyzing correlations between the interpretation board-focused surrounding environment of nature trails and the content system of ecological education, this study found out that it showed the highest connectivity with the domain of 'System of Ecological Environment'. When analyzing the formation of place identity of nature trails in terms of semiotics, this study discovered that geographical locations or landscapes, artificial environments and physical elements as characteristics of surrounding environments mostly acted on the formation of placeness. Besides, it was found that both knowledge and attachment elements equally could act on the formation of a sense of place. Being likely to develop through interaction between placeness and a sense of place, place identity was mostly composed of behavioral internal stages and sympathetic internal stages. To diversify the formation of place identity, however, this study found it necessary to develop environment education projects and create surrounding environments and interpretation boards with the environmental uniqueness of nature trails reflected much more.

Study on scoring system of fire from warships (함정 사격 채점 시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Dong-Il
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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    • 2016.07a
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    • pp.339-340
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    • 2016
  • 함정 함포 사격 채점은 사격함에서 발사한 탄을 타겟을 예인하고 있는 함정에서 관찰하여 이루어 진다. 채점은 함정을 운용하는 승조원의 기량 평가와 관련 있기 때문에 공정성이 중요하다. 명중 여부는 타겟 주위에 발생하는 물보라를 관측하여 결정하는데, 물보라의 경우 사격 이후 수 초 내에 없어져서 예인함의 인원이 육안으로만 관찰해서는 공정한 채점을 할 수 없다. 캠코더등의 영상기록장치를 이용하여 사격을 기록하고 컴퓨터비전을 활용하여 채점의 공정성을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 시스템을 활용하여 함정 사격 채점 시스템을 구현할 때 시스템이 갖추어야 할 기능과 컴퓨터비젼의 활용방법 및 함정에 설치되어 있는 전투체계 시스템을 활용하는 방법에 대하여 알아보고 실제로 시스템을 구현해 본다.

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Wire/Wireless Web-based Performance-Assessment Management System (유무선 웹 기반 수행평가 관리 시스템)

  • Lee Yun-Hee;Kim Jung-Guk
    • Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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    • 2006.05a
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    • pp.801-804
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    • 2006
  • 입시위주의 암기식 교육풍토 개선을 위한 하나의 방편으로 1999년부터 전국 초 중등학교에서 수행평가가 실시되고 있다. 수행평가는 학생에게 학습과제를 제시하여 수행과정과 결과를 관찰하고 판단하는 평가 방식으로, 단편적인 영역에 대해 일회적으로 평가하지 않고 학생 개개인의 변화 발달과정을 전체적으로 파악하기 위해 종합적이면서도 지속적으로 평가하여야 한다. 그러나 현 교육여건 하에서 과도한 수의 학생을 관찰하여 결과를 처리해야하는 교사와 체계적이지 않은 수행평가 운영방식으로 수시로 평가를 받아야 하는 학생에게 수행평가는 본연의 기능과 의미를 상실해가고 있다. 이에 교사의 수행평가 업무를 관리하여 업무량을 경감시키고, 학생의 수행평가 일정과 성적을 관리하여 성장과 발달에 도움을 줄 수 있는 수행평가 관리 시스템을 구현하였다.

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Observation of defects in DBSOI wafer by DLTS measurement (DLTS 측정에 의한 접합 SOI 웨이퍼내의 결함 분석)

  • Kim, Hong-Rak;Kang, Seong-Geon;Lee, Seong-Ho;Seo, Gwang;Kim, Dong-Su;Ryu, Geun-geol;Hong, Pilyeong
    • Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1995.11a
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    • pp.23-24
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    • 1995
  • 기존의 웨이퍼 박막속에 절연박막이 삽입된 SOI(Silicon On Insulator) 웨이퍼 구조와 관련한 반도체 기판 재료가 커다른 관심을 끌어 왔으나, SOI 평가기술은 아직까지 체계적으로 확립된 것이 없으며, DLTS(Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy) 등을 이용한 전기적 평가는 거의 이루어지지 않은 상태이다. 본 연구에서는 직접접합된 웨이퍼를 약 10um내외의 활성화층을 형성시킨 6인치 P-형 SOI 웨이퍼를 제작하여 DLTS로 측정, 평가를 하였고, DLTS 측정후 관찰될 수 있는 에어지 트랩(Energy Trap)과 후속 열처리에서의 트랩의 변화등을 관찰하여, 후속 열처리조건에 따른 접합된 SOI 웨이퍼 계면의 안정화된 조건을 확보하였다.

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Spasmodic Torticollis Case Managed by Intraoral Balancing Appliance of FCST (FCST의 구강내 균형장치를 이용한 경추부 근긴장 이상증 증례보고)

  • Lee, Young Jun;Yin, Chang Shik
    • Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.24-26
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    • 2016
  • To investigate the effects of the postural balance of TMJ using intraoral balancing appliance of functional cerebrospinal technique (FCST) combined acupuncture and manual medicine therapeutics in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis. An idiopathic cervical dystonia case was managed with postural training with intraoral balancing appliance, combined with acupuncture and manual medicine therapeutics. Clinical assessment included radiography, Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, and global clinical impression. Clinical improvement was observed over 5 months of treatment period. Clinical observational data on spasmodic torticollis provide an positive prospective for further investigation on the effect of FCST.

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