• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.563-579
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• 2016

This study seeks educational implication by analyzing research papers dealing with science assessment in the most recent 30 years in Korea. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the trends in published papers on science assessment, their purpose, methodology, and key words, especially concentrating on the cognitive and affective domains. We selected 273 research articles and categorized them by research object, subject, methodology, and contents. To examine the factors that affect the research trend, we also tried to contextualize papers' theme in terms of changes in national curriculum and assessment system during the contemporary period. As a result, an overall research trend reflects changes in science curriculum and assessment events such as implementation of college scholastic ability test or performance assessment. There is an unequal distribution in various aspects of the researches, showing a superiority in cognitive domains than the affective ones. By using standardized data obtained through the national and international assessment of educational achievement in science, quantitative researches were superior to qualitative ones. Studies on cognitive domain use variously written- and performance-based tests, whereas most studies of the affective ones prefer written tests. Applied research and evaluation research are predominant comparing to basic ones, which most of the research methodology is based on statistics. Lastly, we found out that key words and subjects tend to be subdivided and detailed rather than general and comprehensive, as time goes on. Such trend will be helpful to elaborate and refine assessment tools that have been regarded as a problem.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.263-277
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• 2019

This study analyzed the current use of science-related test tools in affective area in Korean academic journals for the last 30 years since 1989 and the cases of modification of the original tools related to the tools. This provides practical information on the development and improvement of test tools in the future and offers the basis for developing valid test tools. The study was conducted in two stages. We analyzed the status of 88 domestic science education researches dealing with testing tools related affective characteristics and 57 domestic and foreign resource tools referenced by them. After that, we compared the characteristics of the five cases in which the original tool was revised and the concrete item correction examples. The results were analyzed as follows: topics that have emerged continuously or that have recently begun to appear in domestic research, the research situations according to their purpose and measurement methods used by the tool, and use state of original tools. The background and key points of revision were analyzed for the five tools, TOSRA, SAI, PISA items, STEBI-A/B, SMQ, whose revision process were disclosed. In addition, the changes of the items were analyzed by comparing the four test items with the questions before and after the revision. As a result of item analysis, item improvement was proceeding in the direction of enhancing readability, clarifying meaning, and changing items according to change of sub constructs. The implications of this study are as follows: notes on interpreting the results obtained from the tool with multiple mixed constructs, the possibility of the testing tool that broadens the horizon of the research, error recognition in the subjective self-report, and notes when applying test tools from other disciplines to science.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.631-651
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• 2022

It has been alerted that Korean students' mathematical affective achievement is very low. In order to solve this problem, various policies related to mathematical affective domains have been promoted, but it is necessary to examine various existing policies and explore the direction for improving them in more essential aspects. Based on previous studies that the growth mindset helps to increase students' affective achievement, this study focused on improving students' math-related growth mindset and ultimately exploring policies that can increase mathematical affective achievement. Therefore, the current status of mathematical affective achievement of Korean students was examined, and the policies and related cases in the mathematical affective domain were investigated. Based on the results, some keywords were derived and then the directions of policy for improving the math-related growth mindset and the affective achievement of students were suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.595-598
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• 2009

최근 영재 및 영재교육에 관련된 연구가 다방면에서 진행되고 있으며, 초기에 수학 및 과학 분야 위주로 이루어졌던 영재교육은 정보, 발명, 인문, 예술 등의 기타 분야로 점차 확대되어 가고 있다. 사회적으로는 고도화된 정보화 사회로의 진행과 더불어 정보과학에서도 영재교육데 대한 관심과 중요성이 커지고 있다. 그러나 정보과학의 학문적 역사가 짧고 그 범위의 설정이 어려운 만큼 정보과학 분야의 영재교육에 있어서도 대상자의 선발과 교육이 어려운 것이 사실이다. 특히 영재교육 대상자의 선정과 교육에 필수적인 평가 방식에 대한 학문적 연구가 부족하여 교육 방식의 보완과 창의적인 대상자 선발에 있어 개선에 대한 목소리가 높다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여러 형태의 평가 방식 중 관찰평가가 평가도구로서 어떻게 작용하는지 다면 평가의 측면에서 지필평가와 보완적 작용을 하는지에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 2년간의 학습자들의 지필평가 성적과 관찰평가 중 리커트 척도 방식의 체크리스트와 서술형 관찰 기록지 사이의 상관관계를 통계적으로 분석 하였다. 또한 항목간의 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 체크리스트와 서술형 관찰기록지의 하위 항목간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 체크리스트의 하위항목 분석을 통해서는 태도와 문제해결 능력 간의 상관관계, 수학적인지영역과 문제해결 능력 간의 유의미한 상관 관계를 알 수 있었으며, 서술형 관찰 기록지 분석을 통해서는 투입 프로그램 적응 능력이라 할 수 있는 과정적 영역은 정의적 영역과 인지적 영역의 상관 관계가 중요함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 평가 방식간의 상관 관계는 지필 평가와 관찰 평가의 유의미한 연관성이 없다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 즉, 정보과학 분야 영재교육 학습자의 잠재 능력이나 사회성, 창의성, 문제해결력 등을 평가하기 위해서는 지필평가와 더불어 관찰평가가 반드시 필요하며 다면평가의 측면에서 상호 보완적인 역할을 한다는 것이다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.891-909
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• 2017

This study analyzed some of the discrepancies in quantitative and qualitative data focusing on cognitive and affective achievement in science education. Academic and affective achievement score of 308 high school students were collected as quantitative data, and 33 students were interviewed for qualitative data. We examined the causes and types of discrepancies in terms of testing tools. As a result from quantitative data, there were a large number of students with a big difference between subjects in cognitive achievement, and constructs in affective achievement. More than 20% of the students did not match tendency between achievements in two areas. Through interviews, some examples such as intentional control of science learning for future study and careers, different responses by differences in perception between school science and science, appeared. A comparison of quantitative data by testing tool between qualitative ones and interviews showed conflicting result, where most students evaluated themselves differently from their own quantitative data. That is due to the students' interaction with the testing tools. Two types of discrepancy related to testing tool are found. One is 'the concept difference between the item developer and students,' the other is 'the difference between students' exposed response and their real mindset.' These are related to the ambiguity of the terms used in the tool and response bias due to various causes. Based on this study, an effort is required to elaborate the testing item that matches students' actual perception and to apply students' science learning experience to testing items.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.166-182
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• 2019

This study examined teachers' difficulties that they encountered free semester science assessment and their problem solutions. Fifteen science teachers who had experiences of free semester teaching and assessment were selected by convenience sampling in this study. The participant teachers mentioned difficulties of accurate scoring in student self/peer assessment and suggested solutions of providing studetns with detailed assessment criteria and opportunities to practice assessment. The participant teachers mentioned a lack of objective assessment criteria for affective domain and suggested solutions of providing criteria prior to assessment and developing assessment framework. The participant teachers mentioned a lack of assessment tools and references for perforamnce assesement. The participant teachers mentioned difficulties of a large teacherstudent ratio for providng feedbacks to students and suggested solutions of decreasing teacher-student ratio and teaching load. The participant teachers mentioned difficulties of identifying student characteristics for assessment reporting and suggested solutions of decreaing teacher work load. The participant teachers mentioned a lack of teacher understanding of process based assessment and inactive attitude to performance assessment and suggested solutions of professional learning community and improving teacher perceptions on performance assessment. The participant teachers mentioned difficulties of a large teacher-student ratio and a lack of time for implementing assessment methods that they learned from professional development programs. With both teacher self-efforts and systematic support, these problems would be solved and success of free semester assessment would be achieved.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.363-377
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• 2019

This study reveals the aspects of subjectivity in the test results in a science-specific aspect when assessing science-related affective characteristic through self-report items. The science-specific response was defined as the response that appear due to student's recognition of nature or characteristics of science when his or her concepts or perceptions about science were attempted to measure. We have searched for cases where science-specific responses especially interfere with the measurement objective or accurate self-reports. The results of the error due to the science-specific factors were derived from the quantitative data of 649 students in the 1st and 2nd grade of high school and the qualitative data of 44 students interviewed. The perspective of science and the characteristics of science that students internalize from everyday life and science learning experiences interact with the items that form the test tool. As a result, it was found that there were obstacles to accurate self-report in three aspects: characteristics of science, personal science experience, and science in tool. In terms of the characteristic of science in relation to the essential aspect of science, students respond to items regardless of the measuring constructs, because of their views and perceived characteristics of science based on subjective recognition. The personal science experience factor representing the learner side consists of student's science motivation, interaction with science experience, and perception of science and life. Finally, from the instrumental point of view, science in tool leads to terminological confusion due to the uncertainty of science concepts and results in a distance from accurate self-report eventually. Implications from the results of the study are as follows: review of inclusion of science-specific factors, precaution to clarify the concept of measurement, check of science specificity factors at the development stage, and efforts to cross the boundaries between everyday science and school science.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.325-340
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• 2022

This study attempts to analyze the causes of low affective achievement of elementary, middle, and high school students in Korea in science. To this end, a total of 27 students, three to four students per grade, were interviewed by grade from the fourth grade of elementary school to the first grade of high school, and a total of nine teachers were interviewed by school level. In the interview, related questions were asked in five sub-areas of the 'Indicators of Positive Experiences about Science': 'Science Academic Emotion', 'Science-Related Self-Concept', 'Science Learning Motivation', 'Science-Related Career Aspiration', and 'Science-Related Attitude'. Interview contents were recorded, transcribed, and categorized. As a result of examining the causes of low science academic emotion, it was found that students experienced negative emotions when experiments are not carried out properly, scientific theories and terms are difficult, and recording the inquiry results is burdensome. In addition, students responded that science-related self-concept changed negatively due to poor science grades, difficult scientific terms, and a large amount of learning. The reasons for the decline in science learning motivation were the lack of awareness of relationship between science class content and daily life, difficulty in science class content, poor science grades, and lack of relevance to one's interest or career path. The main reason for the decline in science-related career aspirations was that they feel their career path was not related to science, and due to poor science performance. Science-related attitudes changed negatively due to difficulties in science classes or negative feelings about science classes, and high school students recognized the ambivalence of science on society. Based on the results of the interview, support for experiments and basic science education, improvement of elementary school supplementary textbook 'experiment & observation', development of teaching and learning materials, and provision of science-related career information were proposed.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.195-202
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• 2014

Computer education in Korea needs to be modified from IT utilization to principle-oriented form of computer science education. In this study the achievement, teaching-learning methods, and evaluation methods in the computer system education area of computer science education are suggested on the elementary and middle schools in Korea. For these purpose the curriculums of computer science in United Kingdom and United States are analyzed.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2022

Since cyber operations are performed in a virtual cyber battlefield, the measurement indicators that can evaluate and visualize the current state of the cyber environment in a consistent form are required for the commander to effectively support the decision-making of cyber operations. In this paper, we propose a method to define various evaluation indicators that can be collected on the cyber battlefield, normalized them, and evaluate the cyber status in a consistent form. The proposed cyber battlefield status element consists of cyber asset-related indicators, target network-related indicators, and cyber threat-related indicators. Each indicator has 6 sub-indicators and can be used by assigning weights according to the commander's interests. The overall status of the cyber battlefield can be easily recognized because the measured indicators are visualized in time series on a single screen. Therefore, the proposed method can be used for the situational awareness required to effectively conduct cyber warfare.