• Journal of Science Education
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze inquiry activities in the middle school science textbooks focused on the unit 'Nutrition of Plants' of the 2007 revision curriculum and the corresponding unit 'The Structure and Function of Plants' of the 7th curriculum in terms of content, process and contexts of inquiries. The average number of the inquiry activities in the unit 'Nutrition of Plants' was 9.2, which was a 3.8 decrease than in the unit 'Structure and Function of Plants'. In the respective of process of the inquiry activities, 'observation' was most prevailing in the basic inquiry process and 'data interpretation' was most prevailing in the integrated inquiry process in both of the units. In the respective of the types and contexts of the inquiry activities, 'experiment/observation' was most prevailing and the percentage of the natural scientific contexts was larger in both of the units. In the unit 'Nutrition of Plants', the components of the integrated inquiry process and the percentage of personal contexts were larger than in the unit 'Structure and Function of Plants'. And simulation activities were newly presented and technical contexts and natural environmental contexts were included in the unit 'Nutrition of Plants'. This study makes a suggestion that a wider variety of inquiry activities should be included when new science textbooks are developed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.28 no.7
• /
• pp.811-824
• /
• 2007

Photographs and illustrations are integral parts of current science textbooks' inscriptions. This study analysed and compared the function and structure of photographs and illustrations used in high school earth science textbooks of the 6th and 7th national curriculum. The findings of the function analysis showed that 'illustrative' function was far superior to other functions in terms of frequency and ratio. The illustrative function varied more in the 7th curriculum textbooks, especially in earth science I. 'Explanatory' and 'complementary' functions, which were relatively ignored in the 6th curriculum, significantly increased in the 7th curriculum textbooks. 'Decorative' function increased on the whole. The results of the structure analysis revealed that indexical reference remarkably decreased in the 7th curriculum textbooks, which means the retrogression of co-deployment with main text. 'Multiple' organized photographs and illustrations significantly increased in the 7th curriculum textbooks, while 'pair' and 'series' organization did not show an increase at all. It was suggested in this study that 'inquisitive' function and 'complementary' organization should be supplemented in terms of both function and structure. Moreover, the functional and structural aspects of scientific inscriptions including photographs and illustrations should be utilized by the certification criteria of science textbooks.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.65 no.5
• /
• pp.370-381
• /
• 2021

This study compared and analyzed the chemistry curriculum of South Korea and Singapore. The analysis revealed that Korea's achievement standards in the chemistry subject comprised knowledge and skills, whereas Singapore's achievement standards comprised knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes. The scope of knowledge and skills of the Singaporean achievement standards-wherein each element was explicitly presented-were more extensive than that of Korea. The elementary school curriculum in both countries was structured to help students qualitatively understand materials in real life, whereas the middle school content was structured such that students could understand the topic of particles. Additionally, several differences were found in specific content elements; for example, the periodic tables were included only in the Singaporean content, whereas changes in the volume of gas according to temperature and pressure were included only in the Korean content. The Singaporean academic achievement standards, integrating knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes in science curriculum, can be used as a reference for adjusting and restructuring the Korean curriculum.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for the Gifted Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.143-144
• /
• 2003

6차 교육과정부터는 과학 교육에서 학생들의 학습 목표를 과학 개념에 대한 이해 뿐 아니라 탐구 사고력 및 기능 향상도 중요한 목표로서 취급하고 있다(교육부, 1992). 그런데 학생의 탐구 사고력을 향상시킬 수 있는 과학교육이 제대로 이루어지지 못하고 있는 것이 현재의 실정이다. Schwab(1961)가 탐구 학습의 단계를 분류하면서 지적한 바 있듯이 탐구는 주어진 과제를 해결하는 고정적 탐구보다는 스스로 과제를 설정하고 이를 해결하려 하는 유동적 탐구가 더 바람직한 방향이며, 이러한 유형의 탐구를 통하여 학생들은 창의성의 신장과 함께 과학적탐구가 이루어지는 과정을 더 올바르게 이해할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 탐구의 상황을 학교 실험실만이 아닌 좀 더 생활 주변의 여러 가지 경험과 관련된 쪽으로 안내하는 것도 필요하다. 최근 활발한 컴퓨터의 보급과 인터넷 환경의 확대로 인하여 학생들이 이러한 환경에서 교사와 직접 동일한 시간, 동일한 장소에서 대면하지 않고도 의사소통하고 교수-학습이 이루어질 수 있는 기회가 사회적으로 가능해지고 있다. 이러한 원격교육은 교사의 안내에 따른 탐구 교수 형태의 개념 확인 및 검증 실험이 대부분인 전통적 과학학습 방법과 달리 학생 스스로 문제를 찾고 해결하려고 시도하는 것을 통하여 과학적 탐구 기능의 향상은 물론 과학적 개념의 획득, 과학, 사회, 기술에 대한 폭넓은 인식을 형성하는데 도움이 된다. 또한 인터넷 환경을 이용하면 학교 실험실 상황을 벗어나 학생들에게 다양한 탐구 활동 기회를 제공할 수 있고, 또한 그에 따른 의사 소통이 더 용이해질 수 있다. 이에 따라서 본 연구에서는 탐구 과정기술과 사고력을 중시하는 초등학교 과학과목의 특성을 고려하여 이에 적합한 인터넷 원격교수-학습을 위한 교수-학습 모형과 학생들의 과학적 탐구력과 사고력을 신장시킬 수 있는 멀티미디어 학습자료를 개발하고, 이를 실제적으로 적용할 수 있는 웹사이트를 개발, 현장에 적용하여 원격교수학습이 과학적 탐구력과 사고력에 미치는 효과에 대하여 조사하였다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.307-328
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to develop and implement an alternative elementary science curriculum to enhance creative problem solving abilities. The curriculum consisting of three main elements was developed. The three elements are content knowledge, process knowledge and creative thinking skills. The curriculum was validated by more than 10 science educators, scientists, and curriculum specialists. In order to implement the curriculum, three lessons for 5th grade were developed and taught by a problem-based-learning(PBL) method in an experimental group during the second semester. For the comparison group the ordinary lesson based on the 6th national science curriculum was taught by the same science teacher during the same period. Performance assessment was developed and used for the pre and post test. Two-way ANOVA, and T-test were used to check whether there are any significant differences between the gains of scores(pre-post test) of the two groups. The results of the test showed that the experimental group increased significantly in the total creative thinking problem solving skills, but the comparision group did not.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2017.05a
• /
• pp.293-294
• /
• 2017

대기-해양-천문 수치 모델은 주로 3차원 모델이고, 3차원적 해석을 위해서는 사용자가 쉽게 접근하고 사용할 수 있는 3차원 과학적 가시화 도구가 필요하다. 이러한 요구에 대응하기 위하여 무료/오픈소스 기반의 3차원 과학적 가시화 도구인 VAPOR가 사용자 친화적인 방향으로 개발되고 있다. VAPOR는 대기모델 WRF, CAM, GRIMs, 해양모델 MOM4, POP, ROMS의 직접 가시화가 가능하며, VAPOR 자료 형식 변환 과정을 통하여 천문 분야 모델(RAMSES) 가시화도 가능하다. 매년 개발을 통하여, VAPOR는 사용자가 많이 사용하는 일반적인 2, 3차원 표출 기능과 단순 통계 기능을 제공하게 되었으며, 향후 다중 모델 동시 표출 기능도 제공할 계획이다.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.30 no.5
• /
• pp.557-575
• /
• 2010

The purpose of the study was to suggest the characteristics and goals of the science teaching model for use as criteria in selecting the appropriate teaching model for science in secondary schools. These characteristics and the goals have been organized based on the analyses of the literature on the teaching and/or instructional model. The teaching models have been classified into four areas, and the characteristics and goals of each area have been summarized as follows: $\cdot$ Traditional models: teaching of scientific knowledge through lectures, acquisition of scientific knowledge through discovery, acquisition of inquiry process skills through inquiry-based teaching/learning $\cdot$ Transitional models: demonstration and discovery as teaching strategies, acquisition of inquiry process skills through inquiry approach, acquisition and change of scientific knowledge $\cdot$ Modernistic model - conceptual change models: differentiation of scientific knowledge, exchange of misconceptions for scientific concepts - learning cycle models: conceptual differentiation, exchange of misconceptions, acquisition of science process skills Also described in this paper are the model's characteristics and goals that can be used as the criteria for selecting the appropriate teaching model for the subject that will be taught.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.40 no.4
• /
• pp.443-459
• /
• 2021

In this study, a TPACK-based STEAM program was developed and applied under the theme of excretory organs in the 'Structure and Function of Our Body' of the elementary science curriculum. The program was produced and conducted through curriculum analysis and learning goal detailing, learning environment analysis, teaching·learning method and technology selection, TPACK elements arrangement and teaching·learning material development, application and effectiveness verification. Teacher's TPACK considered in STEAM program design process is content knowledge (appearance and work of excretory organs), pedagogical knowledge (STEAM, problem-based learning, research learning, discussion learning, cooperative learning, scientific writing) and technology knowledge (3D printer and smart device application technology). The program consisted of a total of 8 hours of project learning activities and was applied to 29 students in the fifth grade as an experimental group. A program of the same theme developed mainly from textbooks was applied to 27 students in the fifth grade of a comparison group. As a result of the application of the program, the experimental group showed significant improvement in creative problem-solving ability and scientific attitude compared to the comparison group, and the class satisfaction with the STEAM program was also high. However, there was no significant difference in academic achievement ability.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.102-113
• /
• 2001

In order to compare with the 6th and 7th science curricular for the inquiry skill elements in the elementary and secondary school, we divided skill domains into five classes which were process skill, step skill for inquiry instruction, inquiry activity skill, manipulative skill and breeding-farming skill. And then we investigated the kinds and frequencies for the inquiry skill elements of the 6th and 7th curricular in the elementary and secondary school. The results were as follows: 1. The total kinds of inquiry skill element showed 17 kinds in the 6th curriculum and 23 kinds in the 7th. Therefore, the 7th curriculum was higher 1.4 times than the 6th curriculum in the kinds of skill elements. 2. The total frequencies for the inquiry skill elements of the 6th curriculum were 408 and those of the 7th were 729. Therefore, the 7th curriculum was about 1.8 times as many as the 6th. 3. In the kinds of inquiry skill elements according to the school levels, the course of the elementary school showed 14 kinds in the 6th curriculum and 18 kinds in the 7th. The course of middle school showed 7 kinds in 6th and 16 kinds in 7th. The integrated science course of high school was 10 kinds in the 6th and 10 kinds in the 7th. The skill elements in four science curricular of the high school course showed total 11 kinds in the 6th and 21 kinds in the 7th. And then the kinds of inquiry skill elements of the 7th curriculum in the middle and high school course showed about 2 times as many as the 6th curriculum. In the school level, the increase of skill elements showed the highest in the middle school course, and then in the high school course. 4. The total skill elements from the elementary school to the high school in the 6th science curriculum showed 17 kinds and in the order from the highest to the lowest rates, such as experimenting 20%, observing 15%, interpreting and analyzing data 13%, investigating 9%, measuring 7%, drawing a conclusion and assessment 7%, discussion 6%, communicating 5%, classifying 4%, recognizing problems and formulating hypothesis 4%, predicting 3%, designing and carrying out an experiment 3%, collecting and treating data 2%, manipulating skill 1%, modeling 0.5%, breeding and farming 0.3% and inferring 0.2%. 5. The total skill elements from the elementary school to the high school in the 7th curriculum appeared 23 kinds and in the order from the highest to the lowest rates, such as drawing a conclusion and assessment 31%, investigating 14%, collecting and treating data 8%, observing 7%, experimenting 7%, recognizing problems and formulating hypothesis 6%, interpreting and analyzing data 4%, measuring 3%, discussion 3%, manipulating skill 3%, modeling 3%, classifying 2%, project 2%, educational visits 1%, controlling variables 1%, predicting 1%, inferring 1%, operational definition 1%, communicating 1%, designing and carrying out an experiment 0.3%, breeding and farming 0.3%, applicating a number 0.2% and relating with time and space 0.2%. In the conclusion, the 7th curriculum was added 6 kinds of skill elements to the 6th curriculum, such as operational definition, applicating a number, relating with time and space, controlling variables, educational visits and project.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.64 no.6
• /
• pp.429-437
• /
• 2020

This study investigated a total of 529 integrated science teachers' implementation and changes to apply the curriculum-instruction-assessment. Data was collected through online survey on scientific competencies and skills, teaching-learning and assessment methods, changes of teacher's preparation, topics/materials, teaching-learning, and assessment to apply the curriculum-instruction-assessment as teaching integrated science. The results of the study were as follows: first, in the integrated science class, teachers implemented more on scientific communication and scientific inquiry among scientific core competencies, and analysis and interpretation of data collection and communication among scientific skills. Teachers often taught in lectures and used multiple choice items and short essay for evaluation. Teacher groups with less than 10 years of teaching experience appeared to be less active in teaching scientific core competencies and skills than those with more than 10 years. Second, Teachers have increased more time and efforts to search and to organize various materials in addition to textbooks, and try to integrated concepts in various fields to prepare learning topics and textbooks. Third, even though teachers made little change in implementing the process-oriented assessment, they used instructional strategies to increase student engagement in the integrated science class, restructured the instruction to provide immediate feedback after conducting the assessment. It is necessary to build a system that ensures fairness and credibility of evaluation while respecting the autonomy and professionalism of teachers.