• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.89-117
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• 2014

Employing female in the field of science and engineering is becoming increasingly important with diversity and creativity emerging as key factors to build Creative Economy. Under these circumstances, it is necessary to recognize and discourage gender discrimination in the labor market by analyzing wages - the market value of labor which determines one's economic status. This study uses the Oaxaca-Ransom decomposition (1994) to analyze the gender wage gap and identify factors influencing the pay gap in science and engineering labor force. The results of this study are as follows: First, the average wage of female scientists and engineers reaches only 65% of that of male labor force, and the male scientist and engineers are superior in terms of personal attributes, for instance, education background. Second, looking at the factors that influence wages, wage premiums are associated with higher education background, older age, longer period of service, and weekly working hours for both male and female in managerial positions. Third, the wage decomposition shows that in the case of science and engineering labor force, the productivity difference by personal attributes reaches about 58%, and gender discrimination by the characteristics of the labor market stands at about 41%. This means the wage gap by productivity level in science and engineering labor force is wider, and the gender gap is smaller compared to non-science and engineering fields. However, the results of an analysis on specialties and education background of male and female scientists and engineers suggest that the discrimination against women is more serious when the percentage of the female labor force is low and the percentage of temporary workers in the labor market is high. In order to eliminate this discrimination, it is necessary to reduce the imbalance of female scientists and engineers in the labor market, among others, while female scientists and engineers, themselves, need to make continuous efforts to strengthen their capabilities.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.111-138
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• 2023

The purpose of this paper is to summarize the development process of major science and technology manpower policies and to derive desirable future policy directions in the policy environment of a paradigm shift in supply and demand. To this end, first, the development process of the science and technology manpower policy, which was promoted in earnest from the 2000s, with the topic of resolving the phenomenon of avoidance of science and engineering majors, was examined, focusing on the basic plan for supporting science and engineering majors. Next, we summarized the main contents and implications of the change in demand for science and technology personnel caused by digital transformation and the supply shock of demographic decline, that is, the paradigm shift in the supply and demand of science and technology talents. Based on this, the core direction of the future science and technology manpower policy was suggested to create a human-centered science and technology research ecosystem that promotes the continued growth and inflow of human resources, so that can be the foundation for the training and utilization of excellent science and technology talents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.152-163
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• 2006

The development of Semantic Web basically requires knowledge induced from the formalization and semantization of information, and thus ontology should be introduced as a knowledgization tool. URI(Universal Resource Identifier) is an indispensible scheme to uniquely indicate individuals on ontology. However, it is difficult to find the use cases of URI in real data including science and technology papers. This paper describes the method to construct internal and external human resource information based on URI from the papers. We use co-authors, e-mails, publication date, and affiliation for discriminating authors with the same strings. HRST(Human Resources devoted to Science and Technology) is referred to acquire URIs for human resource. We expect the internal and external human resource information would be adopted to outcome analysis applications such as researcher network analysis and outcome statistics.

• The Science & Technology
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• v.25 no.9 s.280
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• pp.28-32
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• 1992

경기후퇴와 냉전의 종식 그리고 환경 문제 등 최근의 사회적 변동은 미국의 과학기술분야 고급인력의 취업에 큰 영향을 미치기 시작했다. 저명한 종합과학주간지 「사이언스」는 최근호(1992년 9월 18일자 발행)에서 1990년대의 미국산업계를 전망하면서 고급인력의 산업계 취업문제를 특집으로 다루었다. 다음은 그 내용을 간추린 것이다.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.139-159
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors which promoting career development of scientist and engineer laborforce. We made up three logit analysis models to figure out the factors affecting the career of scientist and engineer laborforce. Dependent variables were composed of job attributes in 2011, current job attribute, changing of working conditions, efforts of job seeking, university education, and personal characters. Three analysis model were composed of demand side model which including job attributes factors, supply side model which focus on employment or university education characters and total model including the demand and the supply factors. The results showed a stable career to the development of scientist and engineer laborforce's job attributes on the demand side than the supply side, such as a college education even more important. After all, the initial stable jobs and good matching policy were the most important policies to be seated in the science and engineering professions.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.87-112
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• 2020

Since the 2000s, South Korea has made great efforts to nurture scientists and engineers. In 2004, the Special Act on Supporting Scientists and Engineers for Strengthening National Science and Technology Competitiveness was established to secure scientists and engineers and improve their qualities. This special act has served as a basis for official policies for nurturing and supporting scientific manpower and as a reference for various laws relevant to the issue. However, there is a debate about whether the term ''scientist and engineer'' (이공계 인력) used in this act is appropriate. Thus, this paper critically analyzed the concept of "Scientists and Engineers" from the perspective of inclusiveness, consistency and interconnection. As a result, it is found that interconnectedness is high, as the term is widely used in other laws, but that there is a lack of inclusiveness and consistence. In recent years, those who did not major in science and engineering are employed in jobs related to science and technology, although they would not be counted as ''science and engineering work force'' in the traditional sense of the term. This trend will grow further in the future. In response to these changes, it is necessary to expand or revise the definition of ''scientist and engineer'' to include a broader range of people engaged in science and technology fields (과학기술인).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.446-459
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• 2010

The technological convergence of IT, BT and NT is expected to drive technological revolution in the twenty first century, so a large amount of R&D expenditure is being concentrated on the development of fusion technology worldwide. Researches on how to direct and manage fusion technology development, however, are rare up to the present. This study investigates technology development and S&T human resources practices in the fusion technology are a focusing on the career path movement of researchers. On the basis of case study and a field survey of 209 scientists and engineers from academia, research institutes and industry, four strategic directions are recommended for improving human resources development in convergence technologies. The limitations and contributions of the study are also discussed.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.55-76
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• 2020

The traditional occupational boundaries of human resources in science and technology (S&T) have quickly blurred in Korea. On the one hand, the knowledge-based economy has emerged and S&T proliferated beyond conventional areas, leading scientists and engineers to advance into various convergence fields. On the other hand, Korea's labor market is characterized by a higher percentage of highly-educated human resources and a relatively smaller number of high-quality jobs. As a result, the highly educated in S&T have flowed over the traditional careers into non-S&T careers. Focusing on doctorates in S&T, this paper analyzes changes in their career patterns and identifies main determinants. Specifically, jobs are categorized into traditional STEM occupations and the others in order to identify fluctuations in their share and to analyze factors affecting such changes. The analyses are based on data from the 'Survey on Careers and Mobility of Doctorate Holders 2012' conducted by the Science and Technology Policy Institute. The results exhibit marked changes in the occupational composition of doctorates in S&T. Occupational diversification has been proceeded faster in natural sciences, the private sector, and the younger generation than in engineering, the public sector, and the older generation.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.453-471
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• 2009

현대경제가 점차 지식기반경제로 변화하고 있고, 이러한 지식을 창출하고 활용하여서 경제적 가치로 전환되는 선순환적 체계를 갖추기 위해서는 인재육성이 가장 핵심적인 필수조건일 것이다. 현재 국가의 미래발전의 가장 핵심적인 부분이 과학기술발전전략임을 고려할 때 과학기술인력에 대한 인적자원개발 정책은 필수적인 요소이다. 그렇다면 과학기술발전에 주도적인 역할을 하고 있는 출연(연)에서 효율적인 방향정립이 필요한 이 시점에서 연구원의 인력을 양성하는 일은 국가혁신체제 전반에 걸쳐 경쟁력 강화라는 측면에서 볼 때 매우 중요하다고 볼 수 있다. 본 연구는 기존문헌들을 바탕으로 인력양성에 대한 연구의 틀을 제시하고자 한다. 창조적 인력양성전략은 조직 내에서 유치, 육성, 활용, 퇴직, 안락한 노후로 이어지며, 이를 바탕으로 한 새로운 인력의 유치 등으로 이어지는 것으로 "창조적 인적자원의 전주기적 경영(Life Cycle Management of Creativity Human Capital)" 을 본 연구의 핵심으로 전체연구를 전개하도록 한다. 또한 이와 같은 전주기적 경영에 있어서 각 단계별로 다양한 정책적 이슈들이 대두될 수 있다.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2015

This paper presumes the size and status of the deviation from S&T workforce career-path throughout the whole life cycle. For this purpose, we make a operational definition and analyzing framework for career departure of S&T workforce and then find out some results as followings. For example, the career departure is more serious in the utilization phase of S&T workforce than the training phase and the qualitative career departure is a still more important problem at both phase. Finally, we suggest some policy implications to solve these problems.