• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.76-89
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• 2014

The functions of urban park including health related benefit and climate adaptation and mitigation are expanding. However, in-depth research and discourse on the equitable distribution of expanded park function has been limited so far. Following research suggests Green Welfare concept to reflect distributive equity and multifunctionality in the process of urban park policy development and execution. This study developed park welfare indices to analyze disparities of neighborhood urban park(NUP) distribution viewed from green welfare by literature review. The findings analyzed through the Correlation Analysis and Cluster Analysis by SPSS 18.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, green welfare is defined as "to receive equitable benefits and participate in the delivery process of green services which are promoting health and securing safety from climate change risks for every citizen by life cycle regardless of socioeconomic status". Second, NUP per person in Seoul indicate meaningful differences by socioeconomic and environmental status of Seoul administrative districts. Park welfare indices correlated to NUP per person were shown population density(negative), percentage of individuals $aged{\geq}65$(positive), percentage of self-reliance of local finance(positive), flood and air pollution vulnerability by climate change(negative). Third, the cluster analysis identifies three significant clusters that indicate differences of park welfare level. Thus, it was found that NUP in Seoul from a green welfare perspective was provided disproportionately. Future urban park policy in Seoul was required equitable distribution of multifunctionality of park beyond quantitative expansion, and priority consideration should be given to park service consumer.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.101-118
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• 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilization rate of neighborhood parks and green spaces increased significantly, and the outbreak served as an opportunity to highlight the values and functions of neighborhood parks and green spaces for urban residents. This study aims to empirically analyze how citizens' movement and the use of neighborhood parks and green spaces changed before and after COVID-19 and examine the social and spatial characteristics that affected these changes. As a research method, first, people's mobility around neighborhood parks and green spaces before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were compared using signal data from telecommunication carriers. Through the analysis of changes in residence time and movement volume, the movement characteristics of citizens after COVID-19 and changes in walking-based park visits were examined. Second, the factors affecting the mobility change in neighborhood parks and green spaces were analyzed. The social and spatial characteristics that affect citizens' visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces before and after COVID-19 were examined through correlation and multiple regression analysis. Subsequently, through cluster analysis, the types of living areas for the post-COVID era were classified from the perspective of the supply and management of neighborhood parks and green spaces services, and directions for improving neighborhood parks and green spaces by type were presented. Major research findings are as follows: First, since the outbreak of COVID-19, activities within 500m of the residence have increased. The amount of stay and walking movement increased in both 2020 and 2021, which means that the need to review the quantitative standards and attractions of neighborhood parks and green spaces has increased considering the changed scope of the walking and living area. Second, the overall number of visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces by walking has increased since the outbreak of COVID-19. The number of visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces centered on the house and the workplace increased significantly. The park green policy in the post-COVID era should be promoted by discovering underprivileged areas, focusing on areas where residential, commercial, and business facilities are concentrated, and improving neighborhood parks and green services in quantitative and qualitative terms. Third, it was found that the higher the level of park green service, the higher the amount of walking movement. It is necessary to use indicators that contribute to improving citizens' actual park green services, such as walking accessibility, rather than looking at the criteria for securing green areas. Fourth, as a result of cluster analysis, five types of neighborhood parks and green spaces were derived in response to the post-COVID era. This suggests that it is necessary to consider the socioeconomic status and characteristics of living areas and the level of park green services required in future park green policies. This study has academic and policy significance in that it has laid the basis for establishing neighborhood parks and green spaces policy in response to the post-COVID era by using various analysis methodologies such as carrier signal data analysis, GIS analysis, and statistical analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1412-1417
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• 2012

Building new town 'Pangyo', it is proposed to estalbish a memorial park. But memorial parks are considered as a 'disliked' facilities among people, so its location selection is very difficult to decide. In this study the location possibility is reviewed in two steps through interview with professionals. For selection a location, many components are also checked and evaluated such as natural conditions, technical points and social factors. This study can be helpful to study more location selection for other 'disliked' facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.25-34
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• 2020

This study examined the definition and major values, the designated procedures and types, and the designation trend in Korean scenic sites and national parks in the United States. Based on this, the analysis of the characteristics of the designation of the two natural heritages. The results are as follows; First, Scenic Sites has characteristics of complex heritage that includes academic, historical, and humanities values on the basis of landscape. As a natural heritage based on public nature, the U.S. National Park aims to contribute to the people's natural heritage and satisfy both ecological and historical values through the protection of the landscape. Second, the designation of a scenic sites are decided through deliberation by the Cultural Heritage Committee after the request of the owner, manager, or local government or by the authority of the head of the Cultural Heritage Administration. The designated survey is divided into basic resource surveys and resource surveys by type. Since the initial designation of the Sogeumgang Mountain in Cheonghakdong, Myeongju in 1970, the number of designated scenic sites was low until the 2000s, but the number of designated scenic sites has increased rapidly since 2006 due to the policy to promote the scenic site, and the proportion of natural and historical and cultural scenic sites has been balanced. The designation of the U.S. national park is decided by the Congress or the president, and the National Park Service makes a series of decisions on whether to conduct a special resource study of provisional resources through a preliminary inspection survey, whether to satisfy the criteria for designation of national parks based on the results of special resource research, and to prioritize them. The U.S. National Parks have been expanded not only by Congress but also by the president's empowerment to designate them as national monuments. With the integrated operation of the National Park Service, the number of designated cases increased as the national park included the heritage sites under the control of various ministries. In addition, a number of historical areas were designated by the enactment of the Historical Site Act, and recreational areas were designated to provide leisure space and classified and managed in a total of 18 units. Third, the comparison of the designation characteristics of the two heritage properties confirmed that the designation of natural heritage with complex value, the classification of types according to complementary designation system and resource characteristics, the establishment of the competent ministry and the balancing of the heritage according to the designation policy. The two heritages had the characteristics of complex natural heritages that met ecological, historical and academic values at the same time based on landscape and public nature. In addition, both countries have identified a system for deliberating the designation of heritage through a basic resource survey and an in-depth designation survey, and classified each type according to the characteristics of the resource. In addition, the policies for promoting scenic sites in Korea and the integrated operation of the National Park Service in the U.S. influenced the designated aspects of the two heritage sites, balancing natural heritage with historical and cultural heritage. Fourth, the resource types and conservation management methods of Scenic site and National Park were largely related. The natural areas of the U.S. National Park include types of natural monuments in Korea as major resources, and have characteristics similar to natural scenic sites. In addition, historical resources were similar to the criteria for designation of historical and cultural scenic sites in terms of landscape, and the aspects of war and celebrity-related relics were related to the types of historic sites. In terms of conservation management, the natural area of the U.S. national park has a way of keeping the original ecosystem intact, but the Korean natural heritage protection system is likely to be useful for focusing on the resource of viscosity. Meanwhile, historical resources include historical sites and historical and cultural scenic sites in the traditional era, but historical relics in the U.S. National Parks have set a time limit to modern times for war history and celebrity-related relics, and the active provision of entertainment programs based on existing resources was derived as a difference.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2000

본 연구는 지리산국립공원의 동부지역을 찾은 이용객의 이용 행태의 분석 및 중요도-성취도 분석방법을 통해 관리와 이용관련 속성들에 대한 중요 정도와 실제만족도 분석을 목적으로 수행되었다 이를 위해 이용객 직접기입 방식의 설문조사가 현지에서 실시되었다 총 254명이 본 설문조사에 참여하였으며 응답자들의 사회경제적 특성 및 방문특성은 다른 국립공원 이용객조사에 나타난 결과와 유사한 경향을 보였다 대부분의 응답자들은 최근 대두되고 있는 환경문제에 대해 높은 관심을 보였으며 이와 더불어 이용보다는 보전이 우선하는 국립공원 관리정책에 더 큰 관심을 나타냈다 각 관리 및 이용관련 속성에 대한 중요 정도와 만족도 결과는 수질의 상태 자연식생의 보존상태 공원 내 쓰레기 문제, 야생동물의 보호상태에 특히 높은 중요도를 나타냈으며 휴양.관광 프로그램의 다양성 여부와 야생동물의 보호상태에 대하여 상대적으로 낮은 만족도를 나타낸 것으로 조사되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.445-449
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• 1996

한 국가의 과학기술 수준은 그 국가의 현재와 미래를 짐작케 하는 가장 중요한 척도라고 해도 과언은 아니다. 이에 따라 각국은 기술발전을 기하기 위하여 다양한 과학기술 정책을 펴고 있으며, 이러한 정책의 성패 여부는 국가의 과학기술 수준 뿐 아니라 국가의 미래에 지대한 영향을 미치게 된다. 그러나 세계무역기구(WTO)의 출범에 따라 기존의 과학기술 정책에 대폭적인 수정이 불가피하게 되었다. WTO는 공정한 무역질서의 회복을 위한 제반 규율을 대폭 강화하고 있으며, 여기에는 과학기술 정책과 관련한 부분들도 많이 포함되어 있다. 이로 인해 기존의 과학기술 정책에 대폭적인 방향수정이 요구되었고, 각 관련기관에서는 이에 대한 다양한 대응책들을 제시하고 있으나, 이러한 대응책들은 주로 민간 분야와 관련한 것이어서 미흡한 감이 있다. 이는 민간 분야에 파급효과가 지대한 것으로 알려지고 있는 국방과학기술에 대한 정책이 고려되지 않았기 때문이다. 사실 선진국에서는 국방과학기술분야에의 투자를 통해 많은 효과를 얻고 있다. 또한 국방 분야에 대한 문제는 WTO 체제에서 예외로 인정하고 있어, 새로운 환경에 대한 좋은 대응책이 될 수 있다. 그러므로 국방과학기술 정책에 대한 고려가 없는 과학기술 정책은 완전한 정책이라고 할 수 없다. 본 연구에서는 WTO의 출범에 대한 대응방안으로서 국방과학기술 정책의 효율적인 집행을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 우선 WTO의 성격과 WTO 출범으로 야기되는 과학기술 정책및 특히 국방과학기술 정책의 운용시의 변화요인들을 조사하였다. 또한, 국방과학기술 정책의 파급효과를 조사하였으며, 일곱 가지 사용가능한 국방과학기술 정책 대안들을 식별하였다. 또한 식별된 정책 대안들간의 비교를 통하여 효율적인 국방과학기술 정책 방안을 제시하였다.. 문제점들은 HED (Human Engineerign Discrepance) 목록으로 정리하여 설계에 반영하도록 하였다.로 마음의 안정감, 몸의 긴장 이완에 따른 건강 상태 유지, 수업 집중도 향상 등이 나타났다. 위와 같은 종합 적 분석 결과에 따라, 본 연구는 제조 현장의 생산성 향상 및 품질 향상과 연계하여 작업자의 작업 집중도 향상, 작업자의 육체적, 심리적 변화에 따른 생산성 및 품질 향상 변화 정도 등의 산업공학(인간공학) 제 분야의 여러 측면에서 연구 및 적용이 가능하리라 사료된다.l, 시험군:25.90$\pm$7.16mg/d1, 47% 감소)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 39% 감소하였고, 혈중 아세트알데히드의 농도는 투여 60분후 시험군(3.96$\pm$0.07nmo1/$m\ell$)이 대조군(6.45$\pm$0,64nmo1/$m\ell$)에 비해 유의성 있는 감소(39%)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 48% 감소하였다 한편, 시험관내 에탄올 대사 효소에 대한 바이오짐의 효과를 검색해본 결과 바이오짐(2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/assay)에 의해 Aldehyde dehydrogenase(1.5unit/assay)의 활성이 14% 증가되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때, 비지니스 및 바이오짐은 음주 후 상승된 혈중 에탄을 농도 및 아세트알데히드의 농도를 현저히 감소시키는 효과가 있었다.량 보호 관리, 도시 소공원 개발, 역사 문화 공원 조성, 하천 공간 복원, 공원 시설 기능 개선, 이용 프로그램 개발, 공원 관리 개선, 환경 피해 녹지의 회복, 도시 환경 림 조성, 녹지

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.9-24
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• 2015

Purpose of this study is to develop the proceeding strategies for establishing of the DMZ World Peace Park in Korea which is one of projects of the Park Geun-hye's Government. We basically dissolute the conflict between the South and North Korea, and we build the atmosphere reconciliations and cooperation between two Koreas, and go forward the peaceful unification. And thus we make ultimately the world peace and establish enduring peace in the Korean Peninsula. Through the analysis the 8 proceeding strategies. Results of this study, I verified possibility of proceeding for establishing of the DMZ World Peace Park, and urgent need of policy development and support by the local governments, and we need to start the project in the South first.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-135
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• 2010

This study estimated the social benefits of establishment 01 the Taehwa Field Ecology Park in Ulsan Metropolitan City, using CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) with multiple choices in consideration of respondent's uncertainty. The estimation results 01 lour logit models show that the probability of willingness-to-pay increases significantly with higher income, higher evaluation on the relevancy of establishment of the Park, and male gender, and decreases significantly with the bidding price. Truncated mean household WTP is estimated as 2,409.4 KRW in the MBYES model with the most efficient estimates of WTP among four models. On the basis of the WTP estimates, the present values of total social benefits in Ulsan Metropolitan City are estimated as 236.5 bill ion KRW when applying the 5% discount rate. This result shows that the present values of total social benefits are greater than the total costs in all models, and thus may prove the economic relevancy of the investment for the ecology park establishment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.103-116
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• 2018

The Park Act (1967~1980) was the first law to define urban parks in Korea. The urban parks of that time were similar to a reservation area used for other purposes after giving regulation. Because 'the urban park as a reservation area' in the past is a repeated park issue in the present, it is necessary to consider the issues of the original law system that created the cause. From this perspective, this study analyzed the legislation to reserve an urban park by collecting bills and information about the factual relationship between 1960 70s park issues and the Park Act. Analysis showed that the reason for the adoption of different kinds of urban parks in the law of a nature park is that a negative list separated from the Urban Planning Act is required to curb private usage. Inherent in the Park Act, however, was the problem of allowing the encroachment of urban parks by governmental power. (1) The Park Act sets out a wide range of cases to abolish urban park. (2) Unclear setting of governmental power could abuse the urban park. (3) Insufficient standards were able to erode the urban park with large for-profit facilities. (4) The inactivity of the Urban Public Park Committee had reduced democratic decision-making and professional judgement on park issues. Therefore, the Park Act was characterized as infringing on the environment and right to urban parks and took a passive attitude in creating parks and in citizen usage thereof. The Park Act had limitations as a progenitor for establishing the characteristics and concepts of urban parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

This study investigated the process of change of 32 urban parks designated during the period of Japanese colonial rule according to growth and development of the city in Busan. Particularly, researching included analyizing books, notification, data, and documents relevant to the history of urban planning published by Busan city. As a result, Daejeong Park, Gokwan Park, and Yongdusan Park had been utilized by Japanese residents under the Japanese colonial rule before planning of urban parks, and 32 parks legally specified in 1944 were planned by considering the prevention against disasters. After emancipation, there were an unauthorized building, housing construction, business district, public office, and school facility in the sites of the parks due to the influence of the Korean War and reorganization of urban planning. The majority of parkways and small parks downtown were eliminated. However, unexecuted parks that the government had designed on the edge of town during the Japanese colonial period have become major parks downtown through the city's growth. Yeonji Park, Yangjeong Park, and Danggok Park have been being building as a business of parks for a comfortable city, forming downtown along with the Green-Busan Policy. Thus, 32 parks designated under the Japanese colonial rule have made or got out of use reflecting on the phases of the times of modern Korean society. It turns out that these parks need an investigation about condition for land possession and purchase of the site of the parks in order for social common capital.