• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.179-208
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• 2018

This study amis to analyze the levels of citizen inclusiveness in Korea by the 17 local government levels. Citizen inclusiveness was measured by donations, volunteering, and citizen perception indicators. This study adopted the ideal type method of fuzzyset analysis. We found that citizen inclusiveness was classified into 6 types: inclusive citizen type, inclusive citizen-oriented type, donation-oriented type, volunteering-oriented type, citizen perception-oriented type, and individual-oriented type. This study analyzed key features of these 6 ideal types of citizen inclusiveness. More research on citizen inclusiveness is needed. Trends of changes in citizen inclusiveness and key factors on citizen inclusiveness will be examples of future studies. Inclusive welfare states need both government's efforts in enhancing welfare institutions and citizens' advancement in inclusive citizenship. This study concludes with several implications for further developed citizenship for inclusiveness.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
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• v.13A no.5 s.102
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• pp.455-464
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• 2006

In multi-regional mobile agent computing environments, spatial replication-based approach may be used as a representative mobile agent fault-tolerance technique because it allows agent execution to make progress without blocking even in case of agent failures. However, to apply this approach to real mobile agent-based computing systems, it is essential to minimize the overhead of locating and managing mobile agents replicated on each stage. This paper presents a new mobile agent location management protocol SRLM to solve this problem. The proposed protocol allows only the primary among all the replicated workers of each stage to register with its regional server and then, significantly reduces its location updating and message delivery overheads compared with the previous protocols. Also, the protocol addresses the location management problem incurred by electing the new primary among the remaining workers at a stage in case of the primary worker's failure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.78-90
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the direction of developing policies for parks and green spaces for inclusive urban planning and regeneration. By reviewing the status, budget, and laws pertaining to urban parks in Korea, as well as assessing the inclusivity of urban parks, this study revealed the problems and limitations in Korea as follows. First, the urban park system, which takes into account indicators such as park area per capita and green space ratio, is focused only on quantitative expansion. Second, the distribution of urban parks is unequal; hence, the higher the number of vulnerable residents, the lower the quality of urban parks and green spaces. Moreover, this study focused on the UK central government, along with the five local governments, including London, Edinburgh, Cardiff, Belfast, and Liverpool. Through an analysis of the contexts and contents establishing UK park and green space policies that can reduce socioeconomic inequalities while at the same time increase inclusiveness. This study discovered the following. The government's awareness of the necessity of tackling socioeconomic inequalities to make an inclusive society, the change in the urban regeneration policies from physical redevelopment to neighborhood renewal, and the survey and research on the correlation of parks and green spaces, inequality, health, and well-being provided the background for policy establishment. As a result, the creation of an inclusive society has been reflected in the stated goals of the UK's national plan and the strategies for park and green space supply and qualitative improvement. Deprived areas and vulnerable groups have been included in many local governments' park and green space policies. Also, tools for analyzing deficiencies in parks and methods for examining the qualitative evaluation of parks were developed. Besides, for the sustainability of each project, various funding programs have been set up, such as raising funds and fund-matching schemes. Different ways of supporting partnerships have been arranged, such as the establishment of collaborative bodies for government organizations, allowing for the participation of private organizations. The study results suggested five policy schemes, including conducting research on inequality and inclusiveness for parks and green spaces, developing strategies for improving the quality of park services, identifying tools for analyzing policy areas, developing park project models for urban regeneration, and building partnerships and establishing support systems.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.28-40
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• 2019

In order to resolve the imbalances in the supply of living SOCs according to socio-economic status, location, and population groups, the discussions on inclusive city policies are expanding. The purpose of this study is to propose an Index of Park Derivation (IPD) as an alternative indicator for the promotion of an inclusive urban park policy that can be applied in the 7 major metropolitan cities to select a region with a relatively high park needs. The main research results are as follows. First, the concept of an inclusive urban park policy is defined as "a policy to supply to manage high-quality park services with priority given to areas with low socio-economic and environmental status, such as a large amount of elderly, children, low-income families, areas vulnerable to disasters, such as heat and fine dust, and population groups." Second, we developed the index of park derivation (IPD), which is a combination of 17 variables including park service level, demographic characteristics, economic and educational level, health level, and environmental vulnerability. The variables that constitute the index of park deprivation (IPD) can be applied to SOC policies outside the parks, such as sports facilities, daycare centers, kindergartens, and public libraries. Third, applying index of park deprivation (IPD) to 1,148 Eup/Myeon/dong areas of the 7 metropolitan cities resulted in areas with relatively high park service needs. This study implies that the central and the local government suggest an alternative index to promote an inclusive urban park policy based on statistical and geographical information and data that can be easily accessed and utilized.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2020

This study aims to analyze influential factors of residents' housing instability in Korean large cities. The previous studies deal with low-income households' experiences with housing instability. However, this study empirically analyzed the impact of regional characteristics such as spatial openness and community characteristics on residents' housing instability. For this purpose, I analyzed various experiences as symptoms of residents' housing instability using data from the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport's (MOLIT) Korean Housing survey through a multi-level logistic regression model. The study finds that regional factors as well as household characteristics influence their housing instability. This result implies that promoting spatial inclusivity alleviate residents' housing instability in metropolitan environments. In addition, this study calls for policy efforts such as a continuous supply of public rental housing and a greater variety of housing types to mitigate housing instability.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.3-16
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• 2020

Most of the Korean apartment complexes are considered as gated communities having characteristics such as self-sufficiency in service provision, self-governance and exclusiveness. Today the exclusionary features of apartment complexes are reinforced by a new practice of erecting gates against pedestrians in addition to the existing walls without considering implication of the practice over neighborhoods. Three groups of residents, those who live in low-rise residential areas without walls, apartment complexes with walls and apartment complexes with walls and gates were surveyed to measure the impact of the new exclusionary practice of gated communities on social sustainability of neighborhoods. Gates turn out to improve social sustainability indicators related to life quality but lower social cohesion of neighborhoods by lowering inclusiveness indicator considerably. The new apartment complexes with increased exclusiveness shake the established order of co-existence between low-rise residential areas and apartment complexes and strengthen spatial and social segregation within neighborhoods.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.97-112
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• 2023

Background: In modern society, the importance of Public Design has become increasingly significant in contributing to the enhancement of urban functionality and the quality of life of citizens. Smart Public Facilities have played a pivotal role in enriching user experience by improving accessibility, convenience, and safety, and in elevating the value of the city. This research recognizes the importance of Public Facilities and explores the potential of Smart Public Facilities in solving urban challenges and progressing towards sustainable and Inclusive cities. Method: The literature review comprehensively examines existing theories and research results on Smart Public Facilities. The case study analyzes actual examples of Smart Public Facilities implemented in cities both domestically and internationally, drawing out effects, user satisfaction, and areas for improvement. Through analysis and discussion, the results of the case studies are evaluated, discussing the potential development of Smart Public Facilities. Results: Smart Public Facilities have been found to bring positive changes in various aspects such as urban management, energy efficiency, safety, and information accessibility. In terms of urban management, they play a crucial role in optimization, social Inclusiveness, environmental protection, fostering citizen participation, and promoting technological innovation. These changes create a new form of urban space, combining physical space and digital technology, enhancing the quality of life in the city. Conclusion: This research explores the implications, current status, and functions of Smart Public Facilities in service and design aspects, and their impact on the urban environment and the lives of citizens. In conclusion, Smart Public Facilities have brought about positive changes in the optimization of urban management, enhancement of energy efficiency, increased information accessibility, User-Centric design, increased interaction, and social Inclusiveness. Technological innovation and the integration of Public Facilities have made cities more efficient and proactive, enabling data-based decision-making and optimized service delivery. Such developments enable the creation of new urban environments through the combination of physical space and digital technology. The advancement of Smart Public Facilities indicates the direction of urban development, where future cities can become more intelligent, proactive, and User-Centric. Therefore, they will play a central role in Public Design and greatly contribute to improving the urban environment and the quality of life of citizens.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.375-381
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to find out the spatial expression characteristics of Philipstock from a heterotopic perspective in the background of the times of modern people struggling to live in the era of an infectious disease called COVID-19 along with the era of the 4th industrial revolution. As for the research method, a total of 11 places were selected, focusing on the completed works of interior space from 2015 to the present, when they are more active after retirement, to find out the characteristics of spatial expression through literature and case studies. As a result, the spatial expression characteristics of narrative that only space has were the most frequent, and it was found that the characteristics of imaginary space and fantasy, which are the form of overlapping time to express a place, were interrelated. Philip Stock's design method, which uses narrative, fantasy, and imaginary spatial characteristics, can be seen as sufficiently representing heterotopic characteristics and can be used as another design methodology when designing a new space.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.187-194
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• 2020

When a human being grew older, followed by visually and perceptually impaired, and dementia, it jeopardizes safety and life unless supportive design is secured for a living environment. This supportive space is based on universal design concept which offers safe-oriented, and simple use by incorporating gender and physical/mental limitation. The study of purppose was to examine the appropriateness of barrier-free standard for seniors' living in apartment through IPA. Chi-square analysis found that satisfaction with BF space is lowered as aging is continued and for female group. Regression analysis indicated that sink was the prime predictor in satisfaction, and stair/elevator was the most important variable. IPA concluded that sink, bath, shower/locker and alert/egress were prime BF indexes to be improved among 14 elements, implying careful design in sanitation area for seniors.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-203
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• 2011

Transformation towards multicultural society requires discussion on new concepts of citizenship which would overcome some limits of national citizenship developed on the basis of the nation-state. Citizenship can be defined as a relationship between individuals and their community, and conceptualized in a relation with identity. Citizenship also includes its spatial elements such as site and movement, place and public/private space, boundary and territory, flow and network, level and scale, etc. and in particular implies a multi-scalability of local, national, and global level. A new discussion on citizenship has emerged in Japan in shift to multicultural society, especially focusing on activities of local governments and grassroots social movements to support and ensure welfare services to and human rights of foreign immigrants in local communities, hence develops a concept of local citizenship. This concept seems to be highly significant for both foreign immigrants and Japanese dwellers for multicultural coexistence, but raises serious problems of separating local citizenship from formal national citizenship and from universal global citizenship. In order to resolve these problems, a new multiscalar concept of glocal citizenship which links interrelationally local, national and global citizenship. The concept of glocal citizenship is suggested to lead academically a new version of cosmopolitanism which embraces the universal and the particular in a dialectic manner, and to give strategically an alternative to multicultural coexistence policy and discourse and local citizenship discussion in Japan.