• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2022

최근 밀(Triticum aestivum L.) 소비량이 꾸준히 증가하고 있어 국내 밀 자급률 증대를 위한 노력이 필요하다. 그러나 우리나라는 작물을 재배할 수 있는 농경지가 한정되어 있어 벼 수확 후 휴경 논을 이용하여 겨울철에 밀을 재배하거나, 하계 소득 작물과 연계하여 겨울철에 밀을 생산할 수 있는 방안을 모색할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 남부지역 평야지 논을 이용하여 밭작물 중심 다모작 작부체계를 제시함과 동시에 밀을 재배하여 생육 특성과 수확량 변화를 살펴보았다. 단위면적당 수수 및 종실 수량은 작부이력에 밭작물이 포함된 다년 다모작 작형(들깨-IRG-참깨-밀, 콩-IRG-참깨-밀)이 다년 벼-밀 이모작이나 벼-IRG-참깨-밀 다모작에 비해 많았으며, 특히 들깨와 콩이 포함된 작부체계에서 많았다. 밀 품종 간 비교에서는 금강밀이 조경밀에 비해 출수기와 성숙기가 2~3일 빨랐지만 종실 수량은 100 kg/10a 이상 적어, 동일한 환경조건에서 조경밀이 금강밀에 비해 곡물 생산성 측면에서 유리할 것으로 보인다. 더군다나 조경밀은 조숙 다수성 경질밀로 전국에 재배가 가능하고, 단백질 함량이 높고 강력분의 특성을 보여 제빵용으로 많이 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서 조경밀은 단백질이 10% 이하로 낮고 아밀로스는 28.4%로 높은데 반해, 금강밀은 단백질이 11.0%로 높고 아밀로스는 26.6%로 낮아 제과·제빵에 있어서, 금강밀이 좀 더 유용할 것으로 보인다. 밀가루의 Falling number는 조경밀과 금강밀 모두 350초 이상으로 높아 수발아로 인해 전분의 분해가 일어나지 않은 건전한 상태의 곡립임을 알 수 있다. 그리고 gluten 함량도 조경밀과 금강밀 모두 유사하게 높았으며, gluten 지수는 금강밀이 좀 더 높았다. 이상의 결과를 토대로 밀 수확량을 증가시키기 위해서는 기존의 벼-밀 이모작 보다 들깨-IRG-참깨-밀이나 콩-IRG-참깨-밀 등의 다년 다모작 작형이 좀 더 유리할 것으로 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.118-128
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• 1983

Simulation model of natural air grain drying was discussed and modified to predict the changes of grain moisture content and dry matter loss of rough rice drying. The modified simulation model was then validated using actual test data. A series of simulated drying tests using official weather data for 15 years from Beaumont, Texas, was taken to make minimum airflow rate and maximum bed depth of rough rice drying by natural air, under different conditions of initial moisture content of rough rice, airflow rate and harvest date.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.282-286
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• 1990

Currently, mechanization and automation have been introduced into rice harvest and drying process due to the shortage of man power. After rice cultivars, Chucheong and Milyang #23 were cutted with manual method (H1) or harvested with combine (H2), the threshed grain were dried in natural sun-drying (D1), in natural air in-bin system (D2), or in contineous hot-air drier (D3). We have evaluated grain losses, operation hour, and grain quality on each harvest and drying methods. Shattering loss during harvesting with combine was not dirfered significant from that of manual method, but threshing loss was 1.2% higher in combine harvest than in manual. Operation hours required for combine harvest was 3.5 times faster than for manual, even without head threshing. There was a significant difference bel ween cultivars in harvesting loss, which Milyang #23, a Tongil rice had two times more grain loss than Chucheong, a Japonica rice. Drying hours required to reduce to 14% grain moisture content were ten days for H1D1, 5-9 days for H2 D1, 2-3 days for H2D2, and only 15 hours for H2D3, respectively. In grain quality, complete grain ratio after dehulling was decreased about four percent in H2D3 compared to H1D1. while it was lower in Milyang #23 than in Chucheong, Hot-air drier increased occurence of cracked and broken grain. Combine harvest increased significantly these incomplete grain ratio of :Milyang #23, but not Chucheong.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.574-578
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• 2016

For the last few decades, much research has been tried to improve crop’s characteristics such as crop yield, quality, seeding period and environmental adaptability. In this paper, the effect of nanobubbles on the germination rate of barley seed is experimentally investigated. The air nanobubble was generated in water by gas-liquid mixing method. The results were shown that the mean diameter and concentration of nanobubble fabricated in DI water are 133 ㎚ and 8.59✕10⁸ particles/㎖, respectively. Also, the seed germination rate for the nanobubble water was approximately 40 % higher than that of pure water.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.34-45
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• 1984

우리가 소비하는 식량의 확보는 단위 수량의 증대 뿐만 아니라, 생산이후 수확, 조제가공 및 건조 저장과정에서의 곡물 손실 방지 또는 감소로 인한 간접 증산으로도 이룩될 수 있는데, 현재 우리나라에서는 수확 이후의 곡물 손실량이 전체 생산량의 약 11%에 달하는 것으로 추정되고 있다(12). 여기서 식량의 중요 손실원으로 기계적 원인과 곡물 자체의 특성에 의한 두가지 요인을 고려할 수 있다. 따라서 쌀의 물리적 특성이 규명되면 각 과정에서 발생되는 기계적 손실을 더욱 줄일 수 있을 것이다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 지금까지 우리나라에서는 벼의 물리적 특성에 관한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이다. 특히 우리나라에 많이 보급되고 있는 통일계 품종은 관행 품종에 비하여 물리적 특성이 크게 다르다고 인정되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 벼와 현미의 특성을 기계적 및 유동학적 측면에서 함수율 및 품종별로 규명하여, 농업기계의 설계 및 작동조건, 그리고, 조제가공의 기초적 자료로 제시하고자 하였다. 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 준 정하중의 압축시험에서 함수율은 벼와 현미의 기계적 및 유동학적 특성에 큰 영향을 미쳤으며, 특히 높은 함수율에서는 점성적인 특성이, 낮은 함수율에서는 탄성적인 특성이 나타났다. 2. 벼와 현미의 함수율이 24-12% (습량기준)의 범위에 있을 때 현미의 항복점은 2.0-7.2kg, 벼의 항복점은 2.5-7.6kg을 나타냈으며, 전반적으로 현미보다 벼의 항복점이 0.5-1kg 더 높았다. 또한 함수율이 18%(습량기준) 이하에서는 일반계 품종이 통일계 품종보다 압축 강도가 더 높았으나 18% 이상의 높은 함수율에서는 더 낮게 나타났다. 그리고 낮은 함수율에서 현미의 항복점은 현미 두께 대 길이의 비의 증가에 따라 직선적으로 감소하였다. 3. 현미의 최대압축 강도는 함수율 24-12%(습량기준)의 범위에서 2.94-10.4kg을 나타냈으며, 14% 수준의 낮은 함수율에서는 현미의 최대 압축 강도는 5.66-11.4kg으로 품종간에 높은 유의성이 있었다. 따라서 벼와 현미의 크기가 최대 압축 강도에 큰 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다. 4. 함수율 12-24%(습량기준)의 범위에서, 현미의 항복점에서 변형은 0.20-0.40mm를 나타냈으며, 함수율이 약 17%일 때 최소치를 보였다. 벼의 항복점에서 변형은 0.20-0.41mm 였으며 통일계 품종이 일반계 품종보다 변형이 더 많이 생겼다. 5. 함수율 24-12%(습량기준)의 범위에서, 일반계 품종의 레질리언스(resilience)는 $0.142-0.603kg{\cdot}mm$, 통일계 품종의 레질리언스는 $0.229-0.601kg{\cdot}mm$로 나타났다. 함수율이 19% 이하에서는 일반계 품종이 통일계 품종보다 더 높게 나타났으며 19% 이상에서는 반대 현상이 일어났다. 또한 14%의 낮은 함수율에서, 현미의 레질리언스는 현미 두께 대 길이의 비의 증가에 따라 감소하였다. 벼의 레질리언스는 함수율의 감소에 따라 증가했으며, 그 범위는 $0.285-0.850kg{\cdot}mm$이었다. 6. 현미의 터프니스(toughness)는 함수율 24-12%(습량기준)의 범위에서 $0.841-2.795kg{\cdot}mm$이었다. 또한 일반계 품종과 통일계 품종 사이에는 유의성이 없었으나. 품종간에는 높은 유의성이 있었다. 7. 현미의 탄성계수와 스티프니스(stiffness)는 함수율의 감소에 따라 직선적으로 증가하였다. 현미의 함수율이 24-12%(습량기준)의 범위에 있을 때 탄성계수는 $7-40kg/mm^2$, 스티프니스는 8-34kg/mm를 나타냈다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.156-163
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to select the wheat varieties, among 8 domestic cultivates, that are suitable, for use as grain feed at paddy fields in the Honam region. The seeds of wheat were sown and harvested in Wanju County. Among the wheat varieties, "Jojoong" was the earliest for its heading date on April 15, and it showed the earliest day for the maturing date on May 24. The heading date of "Baegjong" was the same as that for "Keumkang" on April 18, and the maturing date was one day later than that for "Keumkang" on May 29. But there was no significant difference of heading and maturing dates among the 8 wheat varieties. The lowest number of spikes/㎡ was 513/㎡ of "Goso", and the highest number of spikes/㎡ was 974/㎡ of "Chongwoo". The spikes/㎡ and yield of "Baegjon" was 542kg/10a and it was the highest yielding variety among the 8 wheat varieties. The chemical compositions of DM (dry matter) and CP (crude protein) on rumen digestibility were not significantly different among the 8 wheat varieties. Furthermore, rumen digestibility of DM and CP, and the nutrients value were slightly higher than those of corn. The domestic 8 wheat varieties for grain feed, with their high nutrient qualities, could eventually replace imported grain feed and wheat grain feed. These 8 varieties are cost-effective feed and paddy field fodder for livestock farmers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.250-256
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to develop a new commercial grain cooler suited to domestic weather and post-harvesting conditions for paddy, and to evaluate the performance. A prototype grain cooler capable of cooling paddy of 200 tons within 24 hours was developed. The grain cooler was designed to control the refrigeration capacity from 0 to 100% by controlling the capacity of compressor with unloading solenoid valve and by changing the flow rates of hot refrigerant gas flowing into reheater and evaporator from compressor. And a controller with one chip microprocessor was developed to control temperature and relative humidity of cooling air. The maximum cooling capacity of the grain cooler was 35,284㎉/hr at condensing/evaporating pressure of 16.5/3.6 kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$. Maximum flow rate of cooling air was 120 ㎥/min at static pressure of 279 mmAq. The total maximum required power was 22.8㎾, and total required energy was saved from 26.7 to 33.3% of maximum power depending on operating conditions. The coefficient of performance of refrigeration devices and total coefficient of performance of the grain cooler were 4.71 and 1.8, respectively.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2017

Rice (Oryza sativa) cultivars show an impairment of growth and development in response to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat and cold at the early seedling stage. The tolerance to heat stress in plants has been genetically modulated by the overexpression of heat shock transcription factor genes or proteins. In addition to a high temperature-tolerance that has also been altered by elevating levels of osmolytes, increasing levels of cell detoxification enzymes and through altering membrane fluidity. To examine the heat tolerance in transgenic rice plants, three OsOPT10 overexpressing lines were characterized through a physiological analysis, which examined factors such as the electrolyte leakage (EL), soluble sugar and proline contents. We further functionally characterized the OsOPT10 gene and found that heat induced the expression of OsOPT10 and P5CS gene related proline biosynthesis. It has been suggested that the expression of OsOPT10 led to elevated heat tolerance in transgenic lines.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2004

Using geo-statistical method, yield data of different fields were analyzed to examine their field variability according to examining year, analysis method. Semivariogram and Kriged maps of geo-statistical analysis were used to examine their spatial dependence within a filed. The results obtained were as follows. 1) Descriptive statistical results of the yield showed that the yield and the difference of yield ranged from 100 to 946kg/10a and from 272 to 653kg/10a, respectively within a field. The coefficient of variation also ranged from 5.9 to 22.4 %. 2) More than 90% of yield data were placed between 350 to 850kg/10a. e results indicated that the gram mass flow sensor should have the measuring range from 0.34 to 0.82kg/s considering the yields when 4 rows head-feeding combine with 0.8 m/s of working speed was utilized. 3) A high spatial dependence was found within paddy field. The Q values ranged from 0.20 to 0.97, and the range of spatial dependence was from 6.9 to 53.3m. From this result, the rational sampling interval for yield investigation was estimated 6.9m. 4) Yields within a field between observation years showed considerable variability even if the field was evenly cultivated and managed. To apply precision agriculture in a paddy field, the field test should be continued to build a solid data-base including meteorological data, blight damage and insect damage.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.318-332
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• 2015

The maize production in South-eastern Asian countries showed a continuous increase with increasing poultry-livestock from the beginning of the 1990s to early 2010. Also the need for a new variety development of each contries was increased rapidly in the same period. Single-Cross hybrid varieties have been developed and supplied from 2001 instead of multi-cross maize varieties since 1992 in Indonesia. In Cambodia, CP group is mainly manufacturing feeds with most of the forage maize from farmers who are growing its seeds from the company. Cambodian main cultivars are varieties of multinational corporations such as DK8868 from Monsanto, NK6326, NK7328 from Syngenta and CP333 from CP group including local business company. Vietnam is the main maze importing country in South-Eastern Asia which had imported 13 times scale of amount compared to exports in average from 1990 to 2011. Vietnamese government has developed a range of varieties for improving their efficiency in production, such as the LVN-10 with political investments. Their production has been reached to 80% of the total. According to the 2012 MIFAFF (Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) data in Korea, domestic edible maize cultivation area was approximately 15,000ha. It showed 74,399 tons of production, 3.8% of food self-sufficiency in maize and around 0.9% of grain self-sufficiency rate. The consumption of grain is mostly rely on imports in Korea. To overcome the limit of the domestic seed market and increase maize self-sufficiency, the need to develop maze varieties for world-class is increasing at present through analyzing the market trend and prospect of the seed industry in South-eastern Asia.