• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

We investigated the growth of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) structures which emit blue light. The samples were grown in a low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system. We examined InGaN/GaN MQWs by varying growth temperatures and thicknesses of InGaN well and GaN barrier layers in MQWs. Especially, the thickness of GaN barrier in InGaN/GaN MQWs was found to severely affect the interfacial abruptness between InGaN well and GaN barrier layers. The higher order satellite peaks in the high resolution x-ray diffraction spectra and the high resolution cross sectional transmission electron microscope image of MQW structrues revealed that the interface between InGaN and GaN layers was very abrupt. Room-temperature photoluminescence spectra also showed a blue emission from InGaN/GaN MQWs at the wavelength of 463.5nm with a narrow full width at half maximum of 72.6meV.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.110-114
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• 2017

$NiO/NiCo_2O_4$ nanocubes were successfully synthesized via the calcination process of $Ni_3[Co(CN)_6]_2$ PBAs. The prepared monodispersed $Ni_3[Co(CN)_6]_2$ PBAs were aggregated by 'self-assembly' of the nuclei generated during the synthesis reaction. The self-assembly rate of the particles is affected by the temperature and the amount of surfactant SDBS (sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate). FESEM analysis shows that monodispersed 200 nm PBA nanocubes are obtained at 0.25 g SDBS and $60^{\circ}C$ temperature. Thermal behavior was confirmed by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) to determine optimal calcination conditions. Then, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzes were performed to investigate the morphology and crystallinity of the particles precursors and $NiO/NiCo_2O_4$ nanocubes.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2024

Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are essential components in water electrolysis systems, serving to physically separate the generated hydrogen and oxygen gases while enabling the selective transport of hydroxide ions between electrodes. Key characteristics sought in AEMs include high ion conductivity and robust chemical and mechanical stability in alkaline. In this study, quaternized Poly(terphenyl piperidinium)/cellulose nanocrystals (qPTP/CNC) mixed matrix membrane was fabricated. The polymer matrix, PTP, was synthesized via super-acid polymerization, known for its excellent ion conductivity and alkaline durability. The qPTP/CNC membrane showed a dense and uniform morphology without significant voids or large aggregates at the polymer-nanoparticle interface. The qPTP/CNC membrane containing 2 wt% CNC demonstrated a high ion exchange capacity of 1.90 mmol/g, coupled with low water uptake (9.09%) and swelling ratio (5.56%). Additionally, the qPTP/CNC membrane showed significantly lower resistance and superior alkaline stability (384 hours at 50℃ in 1 M KOH) compared to the commercial FAA-3-50 membrane. These results highlight the potential of hydrophilic additive CNC in enhancing ion conductivity and alkaline durability of ion exchange membranes.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.789-795
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• 1999

In this study, carbon fiber reinforced cement composites(CFRCs) reinforced with short noncircular type carbon fibers were fabricated and properties(drying shrinkage, resistance to freezing and thawing, and fracture toughness) were compared with those of the CFRCs reinforced with circular type carbon fibers. It was found that these properties greatly depended on the shape and length of carbon fibers. The drying shrinkage of CFRCs reinforced with C-type carbon fiber was superior to other CFRCs. This effect was increased with a high aspect ratio of fiber. The resistance to freezing and thawing was increased with the fiber length and fiber volume percent, but there was on remarkable effect to fiber shape. Fracture toughness and resistance to crack propagation of CFRCs reinforced with C-CFs were improved compared with other CFRCs. It was believed that the more absorption of fracture energy into the larger interface caused an increase in fracture toughness and resistance to crack propagation.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1351-1360
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• 1993

The fatigue behavior of GFRP composites is affected by environmental parameters. Therefore, we have to study on effect of sea water on fatigue behavior of GFRP composites as to maintain the safety and confidence in design of ocean structure of GFRP. In this paper, we investigated the fatigue properties of chopped strand glass mat/polyester composite in synthetic sea water. (pH 8.2) In case of the glass fiber (CSM type) reinforced polyester composite materials, the fatigue crack in the both dry and wet specimens tested in air or synthetic sea water occurred at the initial of cycle. Thereafter, it was divided with two regions that one decreased with the crack extension and the other increased with the crack extension. The transition point occurred during the crack propagation shifted to high ${\Delta}K$ value as load increase but its point is not changed regardless of immersion or test environment under a constant load. The synthetic sea water degrades the bond strength between fiber and matrix, thereby the tendency of rapid deceleration and acceleration of the crack growth was appeared.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.12 no.3 s.29
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• pp.31-41
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• 1998

Single fiber fragmentation technique was used to evaluate the change of interfacial properties by degradation of fiber tensile strength in the fiber reinforced composites. The influences of fiber tensile strength on the interfacial properties have been evaluated by the fragmentation specimens(weak fiber samples) of glass fiber/epoxy resin that was made using the pre-degraded glass fiber in distilled water at $80^{circ}C$ for specified periods. The effects of the immersion time on the interfacial properties in the distilled water at $80^{circ}C$ also have been evaluated by the fragmentation specimens(original fiber samples) of glass fiber/epoxy resin that was made using the received glass fiber. As the result, the tensile strength of glass fiber was decreased with the increasing of the treatment time in the distilled water at $80^{circ}C$ and the interfacial shear strength was independent of the change of the glass fiber strength in the single fiber fragmentation test. But in the durability test using the single fiber fragmentation specimen, interfacial shear strength decreased with the increasing of the immersion time in distilled water ar $80^{circ}C$. And it turned out that the evaluating of interfacial shear strength using original fiber tensile strength was valuable in the durability test for the water environment by the single fiber fragmentation technique.

• Information Display
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.6-10
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• 2003

우리는 연-X-선 흡수 분광법(soft-X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy ; XAS)을 사용하여 실제 산화물 음극 전자 방출 물질 표면의 화학 구조에 대해 연구하였다. 바륨 3d 흡수단의 고-에너지 분해 스펙트럼은 활성화 과정(온도와 전압 인가) 후에 산화물 음극표면에서 수십 나노미터 깊이 아래까지 바륨 함량이 현저히 증가한다는 것을 보여주었다. 바륨과 산소의 XAS 데이터를 비교해보면 표면에서 과잉 바륨이 형성되는 것을 확실히 입증하고 있다. 게다가 우리는 표면에서의 과잉 바륨의 증가가 활성화 과정에서 열에너지에 의한 것이 아니라 인가된 전압에 의한 것임을 밝혀냈다. 이 결과로 우리는 표면의 과잉 바륨 형성 전체 과정을 규명하고 활성화 동안 표면의 바륨 증가가 분말 입자로부터 니켈 계면으로의 바륨 이온의 전해 이동 속도에 의해 제어된다는 것을 제안한다. 우리는 또한 표면 바륨 증가가 전해 이동에 의한 분말 입자 내의 바륨의 고갈에서 비롯되는 것으로 추정한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2012

최근 반도체 산업의 발전과 동시에 소자의 집적화에 따른 단채널 효과가 문제되고 있다. 채널 영역에 대한 게이트 영역의 제어능력이 떨어지면서 누설전류의 증가, 문턱전압의 변화가 발생하며, 이를 개선하기 위해 이중게이트 혹은 다중게이트 구조의 트랜지스터가 제안되었다. 하지만 채널길이가 수십나노미터 영역으로 줄어듦에 따라 소스/드레인과 채널간의 접합형성이 어렵고, 고온에서 열처리 과정을 거칠 경우 채널의 유효길이를 제어하기 힘들어진다. 최근에 제안된 Junctionless 트랜지스터의 경우, 소스/드레인과 채널간의 접합이 없기 때문에 접합형성 시 발생하는 공정상의 문제뿐만 아니라 누설전류영역을 개선하며, 기존의 CMOS 공정과 호환되는 이점이 있다. 한편, 집적화되는 반도체 기술에 따라, 동작 시 발생하는 스트레스가 소자의 신뢰성에 중요한 요인으로 작용하게 되며, 현재 Junctionless 트랜지스터의 신뢰성 특성에 관한 연구가 부족한 상황이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 Junctionless 트랜지스터의 NBTI 특성과 hot carrier effect에 의한 신뢰성 특성을 분석하였다. Junctionless 트랜지스터의 경우, 축적모드로 동작하기 때문에 스트레스에 의해 유기되는 캐리어의 에너지가 낮다. 그 결과, 반전모드로 동작하는 Junction type의 트랜지스터에 비해 스트레스에 의한 subthreshold swing 기울기의 열화와 문턱전압의 이동이 감소하였다. 또한 소스/드레인과 채널간의 접합이 없기 때문에 hot carrier effect에 의한 게이트 절연막 및 계면에서의 열화가 개선되었다.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.78.1-78.1
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• 2012

비 휘발성 저항 메모리소자인 resistance random access memory (ReRAM)는 빠른 동작특성과 저 전압 특성을 나타내고 비교적 간단한 소자구조로 고집적화에 유리하여 기존의 DRAM과 flash 메모리, SRAM 등이 갖고 있는 한계를 극복할 수 있는 차세대 메모리소자로써 각광받고 있다. 현재, 이성분계 산화물, 페로브스카이트 산화물, 고체 전해질 물질, 유기재료 등을 응용한 저항 메모리소자에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 그 중 ZnO 를 기반으로 하는 amorphous InGaZnO (a-IGZO) 박막은 저온에서 대면적 증착이 가능하며 다른 비정질 재료에 비해 높은 전하 이동도를 갖기 때문에 박막트랜지스터 적용 시 우수한 전기적 특성을 나타낸다. 또한 빠른 동작특성과 높은 저항 변화율을 보이기 때문에 ReRAM에 응용 가능한 재료로써 기대되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 MOM(metal/oxide/metal) 구조를 기반한 TiN/a-IGZO/ITO 구조의 소자를 제작하여 저항 메모리 특성을 평가하였다. IGZO 박막은 radio frequency (RF) sputter 를 이용하여 ITO/glass 기판 위에 증착하였다. MOM 구조를 위한 상부 TiN 전극은 e-beam evaporation 을 이용하여 증착하였다. 제작된 저항 메모리소자는 안정적인 unipolar resistive switching 특성을 나타내었으며, TiN 상부전극과 IGZO 계면 간의 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 분석을 통해 전압 인가 후 전극 금속 물질의 박막 내 삽입으로 인한 금속 필라멘트의 형성을 관찰 할 수 있었다. 합성된 박막의 형태와 결정성은 Scanning electron microscope (SEM)와 X-ray Diffraction (XRD)을 통해 평가 하였으며, 제작된 소자의 전기적 특성은 HP-4145 를 이용하여 측정하고 비교 분석하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.20-25
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• 2012

Currently, the most important purpose in designing automobile is environment-friendly and safety performance aspect. CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) of the advanced composite materials as structure materials for vehicles, has a wide application in lightweight structural materials of air planes, ships and automobiles because of high strength and stiffness. In this study, experimental investigations are carried out for CFRP single and double hat shaped section member in order to study the effect of various stacking condition. They were cured by heating to the appropriate curing temperature($130^{\circ}C$) by means of a heater at the vacuum bag of the autoclave. The stacking conditions were selected to investigate the effect of the interface numbers. The CFRP single and double hat shaped section members which manufactured from unidirectional prepreg sheets were made of 8ply. The static collapse tests performed and the collapse mode and energy absorption capability were analyzed according to interface number.