• Spatial Information Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-99
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• 2000

Accurate information on habitat distribution of protected fauna is essential for the habitat management of Korea, a country with very high development pressure. The objectives of this study were to develop a habitat suitability model of wild boar based on GIS and logistic regression, and to create habitat distribution map, and to prepare the basis for habitat management of our country s endangered and protected species. The modeling process of this restudyarch had following three steps. First, GIS database of environmental factors related to use and availability of wild boar habitat were built. Wild boar locations were collected by Radio-Telemetry and GPS. Second, environmental factors affecting the habitat use and availability of wild boars were identified through chi-square test. Third, habitat suitability model based on logistic regression were developed, and the validity of the model was tested. Finally , habitat assessment map was created by utilizing a rule-based approach. The results of the study were as folos. First , distinct difference in wild boar habitat use by season and habitat types were found, however, no difference in wild boar habiat use by season and habitat types were found , however, ho difference by sex and activity types were found. Second, it was found, through habitat availability analysis, that elevation , aspect , forest type, and forest age were significant natural environmental factors affecting wild boar hatibate selection, but the effects of slope, ridge/valley, water, and solar radiation could not be identified, Finally, the habitat at cutoff value of 0.5. The model validation showed that inside validation site had the classification accuracy of 73.07% for total habitat and 80.00% for cover habitat , and outside validation site had the classification accuracy of 75.00% for total habitat.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.38-44
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• 2008

Recently, planning road construction in South Korea is focused on upgrading of the existing road by rerouting or restructuring. For this, roads under current construction in Korea go for more straight in its alignments and routing. Straight routing makes it all the more required to construct many mountain tunnels and bridges in Korea where mountains are so widely spread. Some portal of mountain tunnel is not rarely planed at high steep slope of mountain valley where it is not easy to secure working space for tunnel excavation. Reverse excavation is an alternative measure for excavation of tunnel portal at high steep slope. Construction in reverse excavation method has three important points requiring careful consideration: 1)planning of pilot tunnel in proper width, height, and length etc., 2)measure against the effect of one-side earth pressure to the direction of tunnel portal, 3)securing tunnel safety against shallow ground condition at portal zone. This paper intends to suggest applicable range of pilot tunnel for reverse excavation at the portal zone located at high steep slope, and shows result of study on the appropriateness of a reverse excavation by means of 3D numerical analysis. Result of 3D numerical analysis for reverse excavation at high steep slope shows that pilot tunneling will be applicable to start from the point $20{\sim}25m$ before the portal from inside the tunnel.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2008

This study, the one concerning the evaluation analysis of the function of the wind generation using KLAM_21, has examined closely how the wind really flows on the space of the city, working with the object of case location. In the first place, the cold air formed at upper stream of Sincheon river, a ravine of whole area of Gachang gully and an inclined plane of neighboring mountainous district, flows to the north and expands itself along the upper stream of the Sincheon river, and as the time passes, it is tending upwards in the change of the volume and height as well as of the velocity and direction, of the cold air. It was learned that this phenomenon has made it clear that the spatial features of this area give rise to very good condition in generating and flowing the cold air. Meanwhile, it has been shown that in the area of park in the Ap-mountain, the generation and flow of the cold air are much interrupted because of the overpass traversing the whole area of the park of Ap-mountain, the congested area of large-scaled apartments and the urban development activities constructing the building in the park, and the volume and height of the cold air has been grown very small. In conclusion, It has been learned that for maximization of the spatial effect of the wind corridor, the areas where the cold air is generated, flowed, accumulated, and maintained, have to be connected spatially, and this spatial connection has a close relation with spatial features of the area.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

In this study, numerical analysis of debris flow was performed using the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) technique to analyze the mechanism of debris flow, and the applicability of soil parameters was verified by comparison with previous studies. In addition, after performing aerial photographic survey using a drone, a topographic model was created based on this survey to check the applicability of the site to the valley part of Jagul Mountain basin. And after numerical analysis of debris flow was performed using NFLOW, and the result was compared and analyzed with the existing satellite image based method. As a result of this study, the numerical analysis method using drone image and NFLOW was found to have a higher applicability to predicting the impact of debris flow, because it can reflect the actual topography better than the existing method based on satellite imagery. Therefore, it is considered that this study can be used as basic data to establish the preventive measures for debris flow such as location selection of the eruption control dam.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.460-470
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• 2013

Forest vegetation of Choksangsan area in the Deogyusan National Park is classified into mountain forest vegetation. Mountain forest vegetation is subdivided into deciduous broad-leaved forest, valley forest, coniferous forest, afforestation and other vegetation. Including 103 communities of mountain forest vegetation and 8 communities of other vegetation, the total of 111 communities were researched; the mountain forest vegetation classified by physiognomy classification are 36 communities deciduous broad-leaved forest, 26 communities of valley forest, 10 communities of coniferous forests, 31 plantation and 8 other vegetation. As for the distribution rate for surveyed main communities, Quercus mongolica, Quercus variabilis communities account for 65.96 percent of deciduous broad-leaved forest, Fraxinus mandshurica community takes up 22.50 percent of mountain valley forest, Pinus densiflora community holds 63.27 percent of mountain coniferous forest holds. In conclusion, minority species consisting of Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Quercus serrata, Pinus densiflora, and Quercus variabilis are distributed as dominant species of the uppermost part in a forest vegetation of Choksangsan in Deogyusan National Park. In addition, because of vegetation succession and climate factors, numerous colonies formed by the two species are expected to be replaced by Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora and Fraxinus mandshurica which are climax species in the area.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2011

Environmental risk assessment (RA) is essential prior to the environmental release of GM crops. RA, however, costs at least 7 to 15 million US dollars and requires several years to complete field tests. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that developers of GM crops must consider all criteria for RA at the beginning stage of the development if it aims for commercialization. Previous review papers have pointed out that the "death valley" for the commercialization of GM crops is the screening stage of early GM events since many candidates are given up due to insufficient data on the molecular characterization of a GM event such as inserted gene's copy number, position of inserted site of a chromosome, flanking sequence of recombinant T-DNA, rearrangement of chromosome, and knock out of endogenous gene of host plant. Recently, Rural Development Administration (RDA) in South Korea has launched a Grand National Project named as "Next Generation of BioGreen 21 Project" from 2011 to 2020 and research funding for the development of global GM crops has been allocated to accelerate the commercialization of GM crops. In this regard, I strongly suggest that researchers involved in the development of GM crops for commercialization must conduct RA by themselves at the screening stage of pre-GM event based on the data for molecular characterization.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.355-368
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• 2002

The multi-storied Daewonsa stone pagoda (Treasure No. 1112) in the Sancheong, Korea was studied on the basis of deterioration and geological safety diagnosis. The stone pagoda is composed mainly of granitic gneiss, partly fine-grained granitic gneiss, leucocratic gneiss, biotite granite and ceramics. Each rock of the pagoda is highly exfoliated and fractured along the edges. Some fractures in the main body and roof stones are treated by cement mortar. This pagoda is strongly covered with yellowish to reddish brown tarnish due to the amorphous precipitates of iron hydroxides. Dark grey crust by manganese hydroxides occur Partly, and some Part coated with white grey gypsum and calcite aggregates from the reaction of cement mortar and rain. As the main body, roof and upper part of the pagoda, the rocks are developed into the radial and linear cracks. Surface of this pagoda shows partly yellowish brown, blue and green patchs because of contamination by algae, lichen, moss and bracken. Besides, wall-rocks of the Daewonsa temple and rock aggregates in the Daewonsa valley are changed reddish brown color with the same as those of the pagoda color. It suggests that the rocks around the Daewonsa temple are highly in iron and manganese concentrations compared with the normal granitic gneiss which color change is natural phenomena owing to the oxidation reaction by rain or surface water with rocks. Therefore, for the attenuation of secondary contamination, whitening and reddishness, the possible conservation treatments are needed. Consisting rocks of the pagoda would be epoxy to reinforce the fracture systems for the structural stability on the basements.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.66-74
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• 1977

To investigate the condition of infectious rate of fascioliasis in the farm animals. This survey was carried out, by the interdermal reaction from different animals, ages and pestures in Daejeon Suburbs and Cattle market and Abattoir. The average positive rate of infectious reaction were 31.0% in Korean Cattle, 38,7% in dairy Cattle, 33.8% in Korea native Goats and 26.9% in dairy Goat. The positive rate was higher at the age of 2~6 that compares with at age of yearling. From survey on the river side area, valley and wet area, the rate of positive was occured higher, than from plain, high land and in case of animals have not been grazing. And the detective rate of liver fluke among the positive reaction was occured 92.5% in Korean Cattle and 94.7% in Korea native Goat.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.223-239
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• 2005

The vascular plants collected from Dongwol Valley in Mt. Gyeryongsan, national park were composed of all 248 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 1 phylum, 4 classes, 3 subclasses, 34 orders, 84 families, 178 species, 33 varieties and 4 forms. As compared the flora of the commonly distributing species of this region with those of the southern part, the middle part, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju-do Island and Ulreung-do Island, the proportion of them were $90.3\%,\;98.0\%,\;79.0\%,\;73.8\%$ and $62.1\%$, respectively. One taxon of the plants distributed only in the southern part, 3 taxa of those in the middle part, 5 taxa of those in the middle-northern part and 23 taxa of those in the middle-southern part were found in this Valley. Natural resource plants were categorized into edible 118 taxa, medicinal 78 taxa, industrial 46 taxa, ornamental 39 taxa, timber 14 taxa and fiber 9 taxa. Four taxa of the Korean endemic plants are distributed in Dongwol Valley. The vegetation of the valley is Quercus and Rhododendron mixed forest, and it belongs to the boundary between the middle part and the southern part in the floral zone of the Korean Peninsula.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of self swallowing exercise program with neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) on swallowing function. Methods : Subjects who were diagnosed in dysphagia were randomly divided into the control group or experimental group. Both group were received NMES during 60 minutes with traditional swallowing therapy during 30 minutes. Additionally the experimental group was received self swallowing exercise during 30 minutes. We invested subject's characteristics through medical chart. We used VDS(Videofluoroscopic Dysphagia Scale) and PAS(Penetration Aspiration Scale) for assessing the swallowing function. Results : There were not significantly different in both group's pre swallowing function. The control group was significantly improved on pyriform sinus residue, aspiration, and VDS total score(p<.05). The experimental group was significantly improved on vallecular residue, pyriform sinus residue, and VDS total score(p<.05). Both group's difference of pre and post swallowing function were not significantly different. Conclusion : Self swallowing exercise and traditional swallowing therapy with NMES and traditional swallowing therapy with NMES are positive effect on swallowing function. The self swallowing exercise is not effective factor.