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Strategies for the development of GM crops in accordance with the environmental risk assessment (I)

환경위해성 평가를 고려한 GM작물의 개발 전략 (I)

  • Lee, Shin-Woo (Department of Agronomy & Medicinal Plant Resources, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Kyungnam National University of Science & Technology)
  • 이신우 (경남과학기술대학교, 생명자원과학대학, 농학.한약자원학부)
  • Received : 2011.05.16
  • Accepted : 2011.05.30
  • Published : 2011.06.30

Abstract

Environmental risk assessment (RA) is essential prior to the environmental release of GM crops. RA, however, costs at least 7 to 15 million US dollars and requires several years to complete field tests. Therefore, it is strongly suggested that developers of GM crops must consider all criteria for RA at the beginning stage of the development if it aims for commercialization. Previous review papers have pointed out that the "death valley" for the commercialization of GM crops is the screening stage of early GM events since many candidates are given up due to insufficient data on the molecular characterization of a GM event such as inserted gene's copy number, position of inserted site of a chromosome, flanking sequence of recombinant T-DNA, rearrangement of chromosome, and knock out of endogenous gene of host plant. Recently, Rural Development Administration (RDA) in South Korea has launched a Grand National Project named as "Next Generation of BioGreen 21 Project" from 2011 to 2020 and research funding for the development of global GM crops has been allocated to accelerate the commercialization of GM crops. In this regard, I strongly suggest that researchers involved in the development of GM crops for commercialization must conduct RA by themselves at the screening stage of pre-GM event based on the data for molecular characterization.

GM작물의 상용화를 위하여서는 반드시 환경위해성평가를 거쳐야 한다. 불행하게도 초기 event가 개발되고 기본적인 검토가 완료된 GM작물에 대하여 환경위해성평가를 수행하기 위하여서는 약 7백만에서 1,500만불의 경비가 소요되며 기간 또한 수년이 필요하다. 따라서 저자는 사용화를 위한 GM작물의 개발을 위한 프로젝트에 관여하는 개발자는 실험실 또는 온실단계의 아주 초기단계에서부터 환경위해성평가기준을 충분히 숙지하여야 한다고 제안한다. 기존의 많은 리뷰논몬에서 이미 지적된 것 과 같이 GM작물의 상용화과제에서 가장 큰 걸림돌(죽음의 계곡)은 초기 사상 (event)의 선발과정이며, 대부분이 이 단계에서 충분한 자료를 제시할 수 없어서 포기한다는 사실을 간과하여서는 안 될 것이다. 특히 지극히 기본적인 분자생물학 특성에 관한 자료들로서 예를 들어 도입유전자의 copy 수, 숙주의 게놈내 도입위치, 도입유전자의 주변 염기서열, 유전자 재배열과 도입유전자로 인한 숙주 내 기존유전자의 knock out 현상의 여부 등에 관한 충분한 자료를 제시하지 못하는 경우가 많으며 이는 GM 작물의 개발 초기단계에서부터 철저하게 검증이 이루어져야 하는 항목들이다. 국내의 경우, 농촌진흥청은 2011년부터 2020년까지 10년간 "차세대바이오그린 21 사업"을 발족하여 추진 중에 있으며 특히 국내용뿐만 아니라 중국의 사막화 지역 등 불량환경에 재배가 가능한 GM작물 등 해외로 수출을 위한 global GM작물의 개발을 위한 전략을 수립하여 추진 중에 있다. 따라서 저자는 환경위해성평가기준에 부합되는 초기 event의 선발 과정에 역점을 두어 사전에 분자생물학적 특성에 관한 RA기준을 고려하여 자체평가시스템을 도입하도록 제안 한다.

Keywords

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