• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.355-380
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• 2004

I test the hypothesis that the gradual diffusion of information across asset markets leads to cross-asset return predictability in Korea. Using thirty-six industry portfolios and the broad market index as our test assets, I establish several key results. First, a number of industries such as semiconductor, electronics, metal, and petroleum lead the stock market by up to one month. In contrast, the market, which is widely followed, only leads a few industries. Importantly, an industry's ability to lead the market is correlated with its propensity to forecast various indicators of economic activity such as industrial production growth. Consistent with our hypothesis, these findings indicate that the market reacts with a delay to information in industry returns about its fundamentals because information diffuses only gradually across asset markets. Traditional theories of asset pricing assume that investors have unlimited information-processing capacity. However, this assumption does not hold for many traders, even the most sophisticated ones. Many economists recognize that investors are better characterized as being only boundedly rational(see Shiller(2000), Sims(2201)). Even from casual observation, few traders can pay attention to all sources of information much less understand their impact on the prices of assets that they trade. Indeed, a large literature in psychology documents the extent to which even attention is a precious cognitive resource(see, eg., Kahneman(1973), Nisbett and Ross(1980), Fiske and Taylor(1991)). A number of papers have explored the implications of limited information- processing capacity for asset prices. I will review this literature in Section II. For instance, Merton(1987) develops a static model of multiple stocks in which investors only have information about a limited number of stocks and only trade those that they have information about. Related models of limited market participation include brennan(1975) and Allen and Gale(1994). As a result, stocks that are less recognized by investors have a smaller investor base(neglected stocks) and trade at a greater discount because of limited risk sharing. More recently, Hong and Stein(1999) develop a dynamic model of a single asset in which information gradually diffuses across the investment public and investors are unable to perform the rational expectations trick of extracting information from prices. Hong and Stein(1999). My hypothesis is that the gradual diffusion of information across asset markets leads to cross-asset return predictability. This hypothesis relies on two key assumptions. The first is that valuable information that originates in one asset reaches investors in other markets only with a lag, i.e. news travels slowly across markets. The second assumption is that because of limited information-processing capacity, many (though not necessarily all) investors may not pay attention or be able to extract the information from the asset prices of markets that they do not participate in. These two assumptions taken together leads to cross-asset return predictability. My hypothesis would appear to be a very plausible one for a few reasons. To begin with, as pointed out by Merton(1987) and the subsequent literature on segmented markets and limited market participation, few investors trade all assets. Put another way, limited participation is a pervasive feature of financial markets. Indeed, even among equity money managers, there is specialization along industries such as sector or market timing funds. Some reasons for this limited market participation include tax, regulatory or liquidity constraints. More plausibly, investors have to specialize because they have their hands full trying to understand the markets that they do participate in

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.523-530
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• 2014

One juvenile raptor which was not able to be identified due to its head damage was discovered on a roadside in Janggok-ri, Jori-eup, Paju on 28th June, 2011. The species was identified by DNA barcoding. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (COI), we obtained 695 bp sequences. We analyzed the obtained COI sequence with similar sequences from the BOLD systems and BLAST of the NCBI Genbank, and discovered that its sequence showed 100 % similarity values with the one of the five gray-faced buzzards which were previously researched. In addition, it was confirmed to be a female through sex determination using DNA. Such results are important information as it confirms the breeding of the gray-faced buzzards for the first time in 43 years since its breeding was last recorded in 1968, in Paju. Wildlife rescue center needs to work with adjacent consigned registration and preservation institutions when carcass of wild animals is collected or DNA samples are obtained for more accurate both species and sex identification through a systematic management system in the future. Furthermore, the obtained DNA sample of the gray-faced buzzard and COI gene, DNA barcode, could be used as reference standards for similar researches in the future.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to identify correlations between the musculoskeletal symptoms and job stress of occupational therapists at rehabilitation hospitals. To this end, the study conducted a survey on 210 occupational therapists at rehabilitation hospitals located in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do between June 1 and July 30, 2014. The average age of the subjects who participated in this study was $25.4{\pm}3.4$ years old, and their average work period was $2.3{\pm}2.1$ years. The subjects included 151 women (71.9%) and 171 permanent workers (81.4%). Among the subjects, 114 individuals (54.3%) had experienced a musculoskeletal symptom, and their major affected areas included hands/fingers (21%) and legs (18.6%). The percentage of high risk group of job stress was higher in musculoskeletal symptom group. And the proportion of high risk for job stress was higher in females. In particular, males showed significant differences in 'job demands', 'inappropriate reward', 'occupational climate' and females showed significant differences in 'Interpersonal conflict', 'inappropriate reward'(p<0.05).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2011

Buddha painting cultural properties couldn't avoid the change of colors and the exfoliation phenomenon by the characteristic of material and environmental factors. Especially, because in the beginning of the fine crack and the decoloration phenomenon on the surface of pigment would be significantly decrease stability of the whole object, it is necessary to take particular measure. Therefore, this is a study on conservation of Avalokitesvara in Potalaka in Hyeondeungsa in Gapyeong. It treated damaged parts of the object, carried out backing papers and matching colors. And then, it examined scientific analysis of pigments. Also, it performed nondestructive testing like XRF, FT-IR, and image microscope to investigate the quality of the material of hanji using the object and the component and characteristic of pigments. As a result, FT-IR spectrum matching Korean traditional paper(hanji) was detected in hanji of Avalokitesvara in Potalaka in Hyeondeungsa. The black pigment making a thin layer over the white pigment would estimate carbon compounds of unconfirmed ink stick or soot as XRF and FT-IR. Also, the white pigment was lead white($PbCO_3{\cdot}Pb(OH)_2$) involving Pb(Lead) and a carbonate. It was observed that the crystal of blue pigment had the different sizes of the particles from the microscope. In the case of this blue pigment, it showed cobalt blue and lead white was mixed when it used because both Cu and Pb were highly detected in XRF data.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2008

During sports activity, rectus femoris muscle can be commonly injured as the quadriceps contracts forcefully to extend the knee and flex the hip, and rectus femoris muscle has a high percentage of type II muscle fibers which enable it to produce rapid forceful activity and the muscle is the only biarticular muscle of the quadriceps. Avulsion fractures by the traction of rectus femoris from the anterior inferior iliac spine in children are often reported. Rarely, complete rupture of proximal musculotendinous junction of rectus femoris muscle in adult may occurs by chronic repetitive stimulation and may mimic soft tissue neoplasm in the case of no history of antecedent trauma. However, there has been no report of acute complete rupture of origins of the rectus femoris muscle during relay race till now. So, we report a case of acute complete rupture of origins of the rectus femoris muscle occurred during relay race in middle-aged man, diagnosed by magnetic resonance image and treated by surgical repair with review of current literature.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.103-116
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• 2004

The goal of this study was to get the basic data for the domestic cosmetic industry, through analyzing female college ,students’ responses to cosmetic care of hair and their behavior, and their preference for hair cosmetics and brands. In their level of understanding and concern of hair cosmetic care, as well as their general knowledge, ‘dyed or decolorized hair’ types had the highest response rate at 49％, followed by ‘permanent wave’ type at 39％. Thus they were very interested in hairdressing-related operations, and even they made an attempt to do it directly. In the ways and management for dealing with harmful side effects caused by dyeing, decolorizing, or permanent, 74.7％ of the respondents experienced adverse effects, as well as having complaints, after permanent wave. Of the complaints 245 students experienced, ‘hair damage’ was the highest rate of 42.4％, followed by ‘unsatisfied with hair style’ at 19.8％. From the above results, female college students showed a various interest in hair cosmetic care; however, they had little knowledge in this regard. Accordingly, it is necessary to educate them for the segmentation of hair cosmetics and the appropriate hair care, to meet their diversified cosmetic needs which becomes diversified, and to offer them the correct information of hair beauty.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 1999

The Taekwondo being a martial sports, there are higher chances for the injury to occur than the non martial sports. Therefore, this study analyze the frequency, the area, the type, and the condition of the injury which are prone to occur in the Taekwondo matches; it is to help the Taekwondo players in prevention of the injury and in treatment. The subjects of this study were the 48 players (male 24, female 24) who participated in the final selection contest of the national team player on March 9 to 12, 1993. The data of the injury were obtained from the medical recoder staff and were analyzed to the frequency of the injury per match, the vulnerable area of the injury, the type of injury, and the condition of the injury with a gender difference. There were 24 matches for the male and 24 matches for the female, total 48 matches. Therefore, the total participation number of the players are the double of the match number. 1. The frequency of the injury per match was 18.3%(11/60) for male and 23.1%(12/52) for women. 2. The areas of the injury were ankle 36.4%(4), foot 18.2%(2), knee 18.2%(2), lower leg 18.2%(2), wrist 9.1%(1) in male; foot 33.4%(4), ankle 16.7%(2), knee 16.7%(2), lower back 16.7%(2), lower leg 8.3%(1), face 8.3%(1) in female. 3. The types of the injury were contusion 45.5%(5), sprain 27.3%(3), abrasion 9.1%(1), laceration 9.1%(1), tendon rupture 9.1%(1) in male; contusion 33.3%(4), sprain 33.3%(4), abrasion 16.7%(2), subcutaneous hemorrhage 8.3%(1), dislocation 8.3%(1) in female. 4. The condition of the injury were the unblocked attack 36.4%(4), attacking kick 27.3%(3), blocking a kick 18.2%(2), attacking punch 9.1%, impact with surface 9.1%(1) in male; attacking kick 33.3%(4), unblocked attack 25%(3), blocking a kick 25%(3), attacking punch 8.3%(1), impact with surface 8.3%(1) in female. This study shows that the injury from the Taekwondo matches occurred most in the lower extremity joints and the foot, and shows that the most of the injury types were contusion and sprain. Therefore, it is believed to be helpful to wear the proper fitting ankle or the knee protector and using other protective equipment to prevent the sports injury in the Taekwondo matches.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.63-68
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• 1991

The author has arrived at the following result after having carried out multilateral study based on a total of 282 maxillofacial fracture patients who have receive treatment at the Euijeongbu general hospital and Shinchun general hospital in the northern district of Kyunggido from march 1988 to august 1990. 1. Sex distribution of Mx. facial fx. patient was higher in male by 4.6:1 and was predominant in the 3rd decade with 40.4% followed in decreasing order by the 2nd decade and the 4th. 2. A majority were in the Mn. with 40.2% followed in decreasing order by zygoma. nasal bone and maxilla. 3. For the sex distribution according to anatomy, make to female ratio was 6.2:1 in the mandible, followed in decreasing order by zygoma, and nasal bone with predominance in male. 4. Car accident with 42.8% was the most common cause of fx. followed in decreasing order by violence, workmen's accident, and fall down. 5. The involvement of other trauma areas are head. 79.0%, abdomen-thorax, and the extremities in decreasing order. 6. In the mandibular fx. a majority were in the symphysis with 73.9% followed in decreasing order by angle, Condyle, and body. 7. Maxillary fx. of the type LeFort II was estimated to be 41.2% 8. Fracture in the zygoma including zygomatic arch was estimated to be 72.5%

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.341-347
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• 2010

This paper reports is a descriptive study for analyzing the knowledge level and educational condition of dental hygiene students regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). This study was implemented from May 24, 2010 to June 4, 2010. The results were as follows: 1. The score was low for the knowledge level of CPR (3.72 out of 8.0). 2. The knowledge level of CPR was higher in the students with heart disease in their family than in those without(t=5.725, P<0.05). 3. While students had a high percentage of correct answers e.g. 93.5% and 73.8% for the mouth-to-mouth CPR and hand position in pressing the upper part of the belly, they had low percentage of correct answers, e.g. 8.2%, 28.9%, 25.4%, and 49.2% for consciousness and breathing check, maintaining the airway and the time to brain damage from a heart attack, respectively. 4. The students used TV(55.2%) and the Internet(20.1%) as the medium for observing CPR. 5. 60.2% of students did not have any training in CPR. 6. More than 90.0% of students required training in CPR. Most of the students requested CPR training when they attended middle and high school. They had hoped to receive CPR training at school or a specialized training organization. In conclusion, the knowledge level of CPR of dental hygiene students is low, and the need for training and participation is high. Therefore, dental hygiene students should receive CPR training.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2021

This study aims to find a discriminatory way that can lower the dependence on imports of aroma essential oils and increase the value of herb plants that are growing in domestic demand and cultivation. To this end, through a study that analyzes and reproduces fragrance components without damaging the original material of domestically grown lavender flowers using the SPME method, we are trying to confirm the difference in fragrance composition from lavender essential oil and find the fragrance originality of domestically grown herb plants. A total of 38 kinds of lavender essential oils and 27 kinds of lavender flowers were analyzed as fragrance ingredients, Among them, the common ingredients were myrcene, d-limonene, 1,8-cineol, ocimene, p-cymene, α-terpinolene, camphor, linalool, linalyl acetate, bornyl acetate, 4-terpineol, and a-terpineol. In addition, among the fragrance components of the two samples, it was confirmed that the type and content of allergens of domestically cultivated lanvender flowers were low. As a result of the sensuality evaluation of 15 panels, domestic cultivated lavender flower reproduction scent was higher in favor of lavender essential oil, which has been used in the industry until now. It is also believed that lavender fragrance, which lowers the content of allergy-causing ingredients, can expand industrialization.