• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.4 s.71
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• pp.619-625
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Hamcho yogurt fermented by lactic acid bacteria containing Hamcho (Salicornia herbacea) extract powder in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 3 week period. The Hamcho yogurt given to the STZ-diabetic rats had significant effect in lowering the serum glucose concentrations and food intakes compared to the STZ-diabetic rats. The Hamcho yogurt administration increased the tolerance to oral glucose loading in the STZ-diabetic rats. The Hamcho yogurt and yogurt given to the STZ-diabetic rats were significantly decreased the serum total cholesterol concentration and the atherogenic index. Based on the beneficial effect against the blood glucose and cholesterol levels, we suggest the Hamcho yogurt can be used as functional food for the hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic effects.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.101-112
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological mechanism of orally administered ethanolic extract of fly maggot(EM) on hypocholesterolemic rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Sprague Dawley male rats were divided into four groups (EM dose control=0, 5.0, 7.0, and 9.0 mg/100 g BW) and were treated for 6 weeks. EM groups revealed a significant reduction in serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL-C when compared with the control group(p<0.05). HMG-CoA reductase activity in EM groups were lower than those of the control group, but total sterol, neutral sterol, and bile acid excretion were increased in EM groups when compared with the control group(p<0.05). To identify the biological mechanism of EM towards the hypocholesterolemic effect, sterol response element binding proteins (SREBPs) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors ($PPAR{\alpha}$ transcription system were determined in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. It was discovered that EM suppress the expression of SREBP-$1{\alpha}$ and SREBP-2 mRNA in the liver tissues of high-cholesterol diet fed rats, while simultaneously increasing the expression of $PPAR{\alpha}$ mRNA(p<0.05). This finding indicates that EM may have hypocholesterolemic effects in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet, by regulating cholesterol metabolism-related biochemical parameters and SREBP-$1{\alpha}$ SREPB-2 and $PPAR{\alpha}$gene expression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.452-458
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• 2008

The effect of fermented soybean culture of Bacillus subtilis MORI mixed with mulberry leaves on the lowering the levels of blood glucose and cholesterol was examined using neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic (n-STZ) rats. B. subtilis MORI produces 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), an $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitor. The content of DNJ of soybean fermented culture mixed with mulberry was higher (4.1$\pm$0.0 mg/g dry base) than that (1.5$\pm$0.0 mg/g) of mulberry. The concentration of 50% inhibition (IC50) against rat intestinal $\alpha$-glucosidase of soybean fermented culture mixed with mulberry was $5.6{\pm}0.1{\mu}g$/mL and that of mulberry was $17.0{\pm}0.5{\mu}g$/mL. Experimental groups of diabetic rats were randomly assigned to normal control group (NC group), diabetic control group (DC group) and three diabetic groups fed with DNJ food product. One of the three diabetic groups was M group (60 mg DNJ food product/kg) (DNJ food product containing 30% mulberry) and the other two were MM-60 group (60 mg/kg) and MM-120 group (120 mg/kg) (DNJ-fortified food product containing 30% fermented soybean culture mixed with mulberry leaves). The glucose in serum was significantly decreased in the MM-60 and MM-120 groups fed with DNJ-fortified food product for 4 weeks, compared with DC group. Total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum were also lower in MM-60 and MM-120 groups than the DC group. These results support that the fermented soybean culture of B. subtilis MORI mixed with mulberry leaves improved the metabolism of blood glucose and lipid in the n-STZ rat model.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1406-1413
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• 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the toxicity of ethanolic extracts of Morus alba L. branch (ME). In the reverse mutation test, Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1357, and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA were used to estimate the mutagenic potential of ME. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered ME at levels of 1,250, 2,500, and 5,000 mg/kg for the single-dose toxicity test and 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg/d for the repeated-dose toxicity test for 28 consecutive days. As expected, reverse mutation was not detected at any concentration of ME, regardless of application of the metabolic activation system with or without S9 mix. In the single-dose toxicity test, ME caused neither significant visible signs of toxicity nor mortality in rats, and $LD_{50}$ was estimated to be over 5,000 mg/kg. In the repeated-dose toxicity test, ME administration at 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg for 28 days to male or female rats did not result in mortality. Similarly, no toxicologically significant treatment-related changes in body weight, food intake, or organ weights were noted. Several hematological and biochemical parameters in both genders showed significant differences, but these were within normal ranges. These results support the safe use of ME.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2014

Acidosis conditions either acute or chronic following ingestion of excessive amounts of readily fermented carbohydrate are great production problems for goat in Bangladesh. This study designed to investigate the prevalence of lactic acidosis and then response to different therapeutic agents. For this purpose, 1,128 goat were examined at outdoor District Veterinary Hospital, Faridpur, Bangladseh for treatment of which 40 goats were found positive for lactic acidosis showing 3.55% prevalence of disease. The highest occurrence found in female (4.64%) of over 3 years age (4.64%) in indigenous goat (2.7%). For therapeutic assessment the forty affected goats were divided into four groups A, B, C and D comprising of 10 animals each. Group A were given magnesium hydroxide 8% w/v at 1 g/kg body weight orally. In group B magnesium hydroxide 8% w/v at a dose as group A combination with 7.5% sodium bicarbonate at the rate of 0.9 ml/Kg body weight intravenously administered. Goat in group D were treated with mixture of ginger, nuxvomica, sodium carbonate, cobalt sulphate, dried ferrous sulphate and thiamin mononitrate at the rate of 1 g/kg body weight orally. Goat of group C treated with combination drugs of group A, B and D. The rectal temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate, was performed before and after treatment. It was found that the highest recovery in group C with an average period of $21{\pm}1.8$ hours. It was concluded that lactic acidosis is a common disease of goats and its severity can be effectively reduced by using combination drugs.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2003

To investigate the toxicological effects of technical of IAP-3006, we performed subchronic oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. In the subchronic dietary study, rats of both sexes were fed diets containing technical of IAP-3006 at concentrations of 0, 1000, 10,000, or 15,000 ppm for 90 days. No clinical signs and mortality were observed in animals treated with technical of IAP-3006 throughout the experimental period. There were also no significant changes in body weights, feed consumption, and any gross or histopathological lesions. Although there were statistically significant differences between the control and treated groups in some relative and absolute organ weights, and hematological and biochemical analyses, the data were in biologically normal ranges and did not show a dose-dependent manner. From these results, it is suggested that subchronic oral toxicity NOEL of technical of IAP-3006 in rats may be over 15,000 ppm.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 1988

The acute oral, intraperitoneal and subacute toxicity of monocrotophos, an insecticide, was studied in albino rats. The acute oral $LD_{50}$ values for female and male rats were 5.0mg/kg and 8.7mg/kg, respectively. Conversely the intraperitoneal $LD_{50}$ values for female and male rats were 4.9mg/kg and 6.0mg/kg, respectively. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity in rats treated with a single dose was the most depressed 4 hours after administration, but returned to normal within 72 hours of administration. Significant depression of body weight gain and food consumption was observed in rats receiving the 3.5mg/kg/day dose level for 28 days as compared with the controls. Additionally plasma ChE activity depression was also observed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.706-711
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• 2009

Hepatoprotective effects of corn gluten hydrolysates (CGH) were investigated in rats orally treated with ethanol (30%(v/v), 3 g/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks. Six-week old Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into four dietary groups: normal diet (N), alcohol diet (E), E+CGH 1% diet (CGH-1%), and E+CGH 3% diet (CGH-3%). Body weights and liver indices were not significantly different among the four groups. However, food intakes were lower in the CGH groups than in the normal group (p<0.05). The administration of CGH significantly reduced serum alkaline phosphatase activity by 30% compared to the alcohol diet group. Among the antioxidative enzymes assessed, catalase activity was significantly decreased by 79% in the CGH diet groups compared to the alcohol diet group. In comparison to the alcohol-treated group, aldehyde dehydrogenase activity was increased by 20%, while microsomal ethanol oxidizing system activity was decreased by 20% in the CGH-treated groups. Furthermore, the area under the curve of the blood acetaldehyde concentration versus time profile after the administration of ethanol was significantly lower for the CGH rats than for the ethanol or asparaginic acid treated groups. Thus, CGH seems to offer beneficial effects by protecting against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by improving the acetaldehyde-related metabolizing system.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.543-551
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• 2017

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to determine whether fermentation can increase the protective effects of blueberry liquid in a high-fat diet-induced obese mice model. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HD, 60% fat, w/w,), HD supplemented with 10 ml/kg BW/day of blueberry liquid (BHD, blueberry high-fat diet), or HD supplemented with 10 ml/kg BW/day of fermented blueberry liquid (FBHD, fermented blueberry high-fat diet) for 10 weeks. Results: There were significant decreases in the body, epididymal adipose tissue, and liver weights of blueberry-fed groups compared to HD, whereas there were no significant differences in food intake among the groups. Furthermore, blueberry liquid groups, especially fermented blueberry liquid, significantly attenuated the contents of hepatic triglycerides and total cholesterol induced by HD. Serum LDL-cholesterol was significantly lower in the BHD and FBHD-fed groups, whereas FBHD significantly increased the serum HDL-cholesterol level compared to the control. Concentrations of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and leptins in serum were also reduced by blueberry liquid supplementation. The mRNA expression of hepatic acetyl CoA carboxylase was significantly reduced in both the BHD and FBHD groups compared to HD. Furthermore, FBHD altered the mRNA expression level of hepatic lipolysis genes. Conclusion: In conclusion, these results suggest that blueberry, especially fermented blueberry liquid, may improve obesity-related abnormalities.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.152-157
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• 2013

We evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of Isaria tenuipes in diabetes mellitus type 2. For the experiments, the diabetic animal model OLETF rats were divided to 4 groups: Isaria tenuipes was administered mixed with the high fat diet 45% at dose levels of 0.0%, 0.1%, 1.0%, and 5.0% for 4 weeks. All animals have free access to water and high fat diet 45%. The diabetic clinical markers, including clinical signs, body weight and food intake, organ weights, blood glucose level, insulin level and HOMA-IR index, oral glucose tolerance test, GLUT4 mRNA and protein were measured at a time. After administration for 4 weeks, the blood glucose levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR index of test groups were decreased compared with control group in dose-dependent manner. The body weight and diet consumptions were reduced in control group at 4 weeks. The treatments of Isaria tenuipes also showed high expression of GLUT4 mRNA and protein in the muscle of OLETF rats. The results suggest that Isaria tenuipes has anti-hyperglycemic effect attenuating blood glucose in the animal model of type 2 diabetes and might be useful as a functional diet for human diabetic diseases.