• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.11
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• pp.66-73
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• 2008

Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the single dose toxicity of modified Bo-yang-Hwan-o-Tang (mBHT) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: The mBHT was once administrated orally to both sexes of rats at dose 2,000 mg/kg body weight which are the recommended maximum limit dose for acute toxicity. We recorded clinical signs of toxicity, body weight, gross and histological changes in target organs for all rats. Results: Neither significant changes of body weight not death was observed during the observation period in mBHT-administrated rats. Neither significant toxic signs not histopathological changes were shown during the observation period. There were not observed significant gross abnormality between the control and mBHT-administrated rats. Conclusions: These results indicated that the toxicity of mBHT is greater than 2,000 mg/kg body weight in SD rats.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-86
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• 1986

After oral administration of $^{14}$ C-labelled $N^{G}$-mono[$^{14}$ C-methyl］-L-arginine into rats, 66.3% of the administered radioactivity has been recovered in the urine, and 86.2% of the total of the recovered radioactivity is recovered in the first 24-hr urine. Distributions of the radioactivity of the acidic, basic, and neutral portions and unmetabolized $N^{G}$-monomethyl-L-arginine are 33.3%, 40.2%, 12.5% , and 0.3%, respectively. The radioactivity corresponding N-monomethylurea is about 50% of the neutral portion and 6% of the administered radioactivity.ity.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 1994

The acute toxicity of orally administered Yan-Sheng health liquid (YSHL), water extracts from twelve Chinese drugs (Cervi Cornu, Lonicerae Flos, Foeniculi Fructus, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Liriopis Tuber, Raphani Semen, Bombyx, Ginseng Radix alba, Cinnamomi loureirii Cortex, Epimedii Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma, Lycii Fructus) was evaluated in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice. Rats and mice aging 5 weeks were gavaged with 0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.4, 6.7, 10.0, 66.7, or 100.0 ml/kg of YSHL. No animal died by oral treatment and no toxic symptom was observed in the treated animals during 5 days. The body weight of the treated animals was not significantly different from the controls. The results of macroscopic examination on the organs of the treated animals revealed no abnormal findings. Therefore, it was concluded that YSHL was practically non-toxic when it was orally administered to rats and mice, and its LD50 was suspected to be greater than 100 ml/kg in rats and mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.46-50
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• 2001

The current study was performed to determine the acute oral toxicity of a crude extract of sanghwang mushroom (Phellinus linteus), in SD rats. 5 rats of each sex were orally treated with a single dose of extract of sanghwang mushroom at doses of 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 mg/kg, respectively. After the treatment, clinical signs and body weight change, the food and water consumption were observed for 14 days. All animals survived during the study and did not show any clinical signs. Body weight gain showed no significant difference between the control and treated rats. However, body weight gain delayed in high dose group (2,000 mg/kg) on day 1~3 after administration. Another 5 rats of each sex were orally treated with a single dose of extract of sanghwang mushroom at dosages 4,000, 5,000 mg/kg respectively, but all animals survived during the study and did not show any clinical signs. It is suggested that LD$_{50}$ of extract of sanghwang mushroom by oral administration was estimated to be over 5,000 mg/kg in both sexes of rats.s.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 1997

The acute oral toxicity of organogermanium, Ge-132 was evaluated in rats andmice. The changes of body weight and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after the oral administration of Ge-132, from 0.31 g/kg up to 5 g/kg for SD rats and from 1.25 g/kg up to 5 g/kg for ICR mice. No death and toxic effects were observed for 14 days. The body weight of rats was significantly decreased 1 day after the administration in the maximum dosing group, but the decrease of body weight returned to control level 3 days after dosing. No significant changes in 132. Therefore, Ge-132 has no special toxic effects up to 5 g/kg, and LD* values of Ge-132 Ge-132 are above 5 g/kg in rats and mice.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.09a
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• pp.394-395
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• 2011

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.272-272
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• 1994

신약개발에 있어서 대사연구는 약효의 species difference, 독성기전, 그리고 in vitro와 in vivo의 약효차이를 이해하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하며 그 연구 영역을 넓혀가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 항혈전제로 개발 가능성이 있는 phosphodiesterase inhibitor인 KR30289의 rat과 rabbit에서 대사 연구를 통하여 약리효과의 상이점을 밝히고져 하였다. Mass analysis를 통하여 urinary 대사체의 구조를 규명한 결과 KR30289를 경구 투여 (1mg/kg)시 hydroxy derivative(M1)와 O-dealkylated derivative(M2)로 변환되어 urine으로 배설되었고 parent compound는 검출되지 않았다 M1과 M2 모두 free form, glucuronide conjugate, 그리고 sulfate conjugate 형태로 검출되었으나 rat과 rabbit 두 종간의 M1과 M2의 비율에서는 커다란 차이점을 보여주었다 rat의 경우 M2가 94% (free form : 14%, glucuronide conjugate 58%. sulfate conjugate, 22%)이었으며 rabbit에서는 M1이 54%로 상대적으로 많이 생성되었다(free form : 11%, glucuronide conjugate : 22%, sulfate conjugate 21%). 이와같이 두종간의 상이한 metabolic profile로 인하여 약리효과의 차이가 유발될수 있다고 추론된다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-65
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• 2008

The tissue distribution of $TiO_2$, nanopaprticles was investigated in mice after oral administration, and skin treatment. Male mice were treated with the dose of 5 g/kg of $TiO_2$ for three consecutive days and sacrificed at 24 hours after the last administration. As results, the orally administered $TiO_2$ nanoparticels were shown to be distributed in the testis, lung, and brain at 24 hours after the last treatment. Kidney does not seem to be the main target of $TiO_2$ nanoparticle distribution. It means that $TiO_2$ nanoparticles (17 nm) are easily absorbed through entero-gastric system and may cause toxicity in brain, lung, and reproductive organs. The distribution of skin treatment showed the same pattern like oral administration.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.294-303
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• 2014

Objectives: Excretion and tissue distribution of titanium oxide nanoparticles were evaluated in rats after oral administration. The relation between toxicity and systemic concentration of nanoparaticles was investigated. Methods: Rats were orally treated with titanium oxide nanoparticles (10, 100 mg/kg) for five consecutive days. General toxicity, blood chemistry, and serum biochemical analysis were analyzed. Titanium concentration in liver, kidney, lung, urine and feces were measured and histopathology was performed in these organs. Results: Induction of toxicological parameters was not observed and titanium nanoparticles were excreted via feces. Conclusion: Absorption of titanium oxide nanoparticles via the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration was very poor and systemic concentration of titanium oxide nanoparticles was not elevated. Titanium oxide nanoparticles did not cause toxicities in rats after oral administration.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.231-235
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• 2001

The single oral toxicity of JG-381 was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes. In this study, rats were administrated orally with dosages of 267, 400, 600, 900 and 1350 mg/kg of JG-381. We daily examined number of deaths, clinical signs, body weights and gross findings for 14 days after JG-381 administration. When we administered different doses of 267, 400, 600, 900 and 1350 mg/kg, we found 1, 4, 4, 5 and 5 male rats died and 3, 5, 4, 5 and 5 female rats died within 1 day after administration, respectively. Some clinical signs (decrease locomotor activity, salivation, soft stool, prone position, lacrimation, crouching position, convulsion, ataxic gait, incontinence of urine) were also observed during the experimental period. Our findings suggest that oral L $D_{50s}$ (95% confidence limit) for male and female rats are 327 mg/kg (270~396 mg/kg) and 250 mg/kg (256~264 mg/kg), respectively.y.