• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.548-557
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• 2021

Background: Due to the emergence of new diseases such as COVID-19, an increasing number of people are struggling with stress and depression. Interest is growing in forest-based recreation for physical and mental relief. Objectives: A prediction model equation using meteorological factors and data was developed to predict the quantities of medicinal substances generated in forests (monoterpenes) in real-time. Methods: The concentration of phytoncide and meteorological factors in the forests near Chuncheon in South Korea were measured for nearly two years. Meteorological factors affecting the observation data were acquired through a multiple regression analysis. A model equation was developed by applying a linear regression equation with the main factors. Results: The linear regression analysis revealed a high explanatory power for the coefficients of determination of temperature and humidity in the coniferous forest (R²=0.7028 and R²=0.5859). With a temperature increase of 1℃, the phytoncide concentration increased by 31.7 ng/Sm³. A humidity increase of 1% led to an increase in the coniferous forest by 21.9 ng/Sm³. In the deciduous forest, the coefficients of determination of temperature and humidity had approximately 60% explanatory power (R²=0.6611 and R²=0.5893). A temperature increase of 1℃ led to an increase of approximately 9.6 ng/Sm³, and 1% humidity resulted in a change of approximately 6.9 ng/Sm³. A prediction model equation was suggested based on such meteorological factors and related equations that showed a 30% error with statistical verification. Conclusions: Follow-up research is required to reduce the prediction error. In addition, phytoncide data for each region can be acquired by applying actual regional phytoncide data and the prediction technique proposed in this study.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.207-215
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• 2021

A forklift is an industrial vehicle with a power-operated fork for lifting and moving heavy loads over short distances. A significant number of accidents are caused by forklifts every year. Most of them are known to be caused by the unsafe acts of workers. However, only a few studies have focused on the risks of forklift work from the perspective of human error. In addition, various methods have been developed to analyze the risk of human error, while it is hard to find studies that directly compare the effectiveness or strengths/weaknesses of those methods. This study aims to analyze risk factors related to unsafe behavior in forklift operations using two representative human error analysis techniques, i.e., .SHERPA and HE-HAZOP, and compare their advantages and disadvantages. The analysis was performed on three main forklift operations ('unloading from the truck', 'moving and loading into the storage', and 'loading on the truck'). As a result, 118 errors and 34 remedial measures were derived by SHERPA. Through HAZOP, 139 errors and 54 measures were derived. The two techniques were compared in terms of the number of results and the method of deriving errors and remedial measures, cause analysis, and risk assessment. This study might be used to reduce human error related disasters in workplaces using forklifts. In order to provide a guide for choosing an appropriate analysis method, more comparative studies on different techniques involving wide range of tasks are needed in the future.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.297-297
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• 2023

최근 친수성, 경관, 생태계 보전 등을 위해 다양한 호안블록의 시공이 이루어지고 있어 호안블록의 수리적 안정성에 관한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 배경 하에 한국건설기술연구원 안동하천실험센터(이하 센터)에서는 2019년부터 실규모 수로를 이용하여 여러 건의 호안블록 실규모 수리검토 실험을 실시한 바 있다. 본 연구는 그간의 실험 결과를 종합적으로 고찰하고 수리 검토 실험의 현황과 한계점, 그리고 개선 방향을 제언하는데 그 목적이 있다. A1 수로(급경사수로, 하상경사 1/70)에서는 7건(21회), B1 수로(고유속수로, 하상경사 1/7)에서는 2건(6회)의 실험이 수행되었다. A1 수로 실험의 유량-소류력 관계는 1.0 m³/s에서 약 20 N/m²이며, 1.0 m³/s 증가당 약 11 N/m²이 증가하는 관계를 나타낸다. 7건의 실험 결과 30분 이상 지속된 최대 실험 유량은 6~7 m³/s 정도이며, 이는 A1 최대 공급 유량의 75 % 정도로서 안정적인 수준이라고 판단된다. 이 때의 최대 소류력은 75 N/m² 정도로 나타났다. B1 수로는 5 m/s 이상의 고유속 흐름을 발생시킬 수있으며, 2건의 실험 결과 0.5 m³/s에서 약 100 N/m², 최대 4.5 m³/s에서 330 N/m²까지 소류력을 제공하여 실험을 수행한 바 있다. 따라서 A1, B1 수로를 통해 제공할 수 있는 소류력 범위는 10~330 N/m²이지만, 75~100 N/m²는 실험에서 제공된 바 없었다. 한편, 토양유실의 경우 수준측량에 의해 측정되는데, 대부분의 실험에서 Clopper의 토양손실 지수(1.27 cm) 미만의 결과가 발생하였다. 이는 시험체에 따라 여건이 다르기는 하지만, 수리 검토 실험시 3회 실험을 기본으로 하고 있고 호안재료의 침식이 기준 이하로 유지되면서 최대한의 성능을 발휘할 수 있는 소류력 조건을 얻으려는 실험 목적에 부합하도록 조절된 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 실험 결과를 토대로 고려해볼 수 있는 개선 방향은 다음과 같다. 강성 재료가 아닌 연성 또는 친환경적 호안재료의 허용 소류력 범위를 보다 넓게 평가하기 위해 A1 수로가 제공하는 최대 소류력을 높일 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 기본 3회의 실험 외에 추가로 호안블록이 파괴되거나 토양유실 임계치를 초과할 수 있는 실험을 수행함으로써 각 제품의 한계 성능을 평가하는 것이 필요할 것으로 보인다.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2021

This study analyzed the use of expert reports in the investigations and trials of cases of sexual violence against people with intellectual disabilities. A total of 670 alleged sexual assault cases against victims with intellectual disabilities were analyzed. Results showed that 97.5% of the cases included at least one expert report. In most cases(91%), the expert reports of statement validity assessment were included. Additionally, doctor's note (41.1%) from obstetricians and Psychiatrists, intermediary reports(36%), and expert witnesses(psychologists') reports (9.5%) were included. In 80 cases (44.4%) of the 180 cases in which a victim' statement credibility was in question during the trial, judges cited the expert's reports of statement validity assessment as the basis for the judgment on the reliability of the victims' accusation. The frequency of citing the report was higher when the victim was under the age of 13, or when the defendant was found guilty. Regrading the report content, the evaluations of criteria-based content analysis(CBCA) was most frequently cited, while the victim's psychological status, cognitive limitation, as well as possibile contamination of victim's account, were also mentioned in the ruling statements. Results showed agreement between experts' statement validity assessments and judges' determinations in 79 cases out of the 80 cases Finally, this study discussed ways to utilize expert options.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.343-350
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• 2023

Based on Lung CT Screening Reporting and Data System (Lung-RADS), which has been used to standardize reading for lung cancer screening since November 2016, the types and frequency of "S" modifier findings other than lung cancer were analyzed. As a result of this study, 360 cases (35.19%) of "S" modifier were found in 1,023 subjects, and the most frequent diseases were coronary calcification and emphysema, 145 (14.17%) of coronary calcification and 138 (13.49%) of emphysema, indicating that the discovery rate was very high compared to other findings. In addition, it was found to be highly associated with the duration of smoking, and in the case of coronary calcification, 9 cases (5.73%) were found in the non-smokers group A, 23 cases (11.44%) within 10 years of smoking, 39 cases (13.68%) in the C group within 20 years of smoking, and 31% of the E group over 30 years of smoking. In addition to coronary calcification and emphysema, abnormal findings of pneumonia, lung epilepsy, and mediastinal disease were also found to be p<0.05 as a result of the analysis of the association with the smoking period, indicating that the smoking period was affected.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

Four children's cosmetic sets were purchased online, labeled for use from 4 years of age, and 81 components of each were analyzed for lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, nickel, cobalt, copper, chromium, and mercury by inductive coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP - MS). The average metal concentrations were as follows: 0.82 ㎍/g for lead, 0.03 ㎍/g for cadmium, 0.97 ㎍/g for arsenic, 0.52 ㎍/g for antimony, 2.32 ㎍/g for nickel and 0.01 ㎍/g for mercury which was lower than the acceptable standards for all products. Higher mean values of lead, antimony, cobalt, and copper were detected in imported than domestic products (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the average values of heavy metals according to the type of cosmetics (p < 0.05), with eyeshadow showing the highest mean values of arsenic 2.47 ㎍/g, nickel 6.36 ㎍/g, and chromium 11.06 ㎍/g. and the highest mean concentrations were 1.20 ㎍/g for lead, 1.17 ㎍/g for antimony, and 23.60 ㎍/g for copper in blusher. The levels of cobalt in the 81 children's cosmetics were ND ~ 5.23 ㎍/g, copper were ND ~ 379.61 ㎍/g, and chromium were detected ND ~ 36.95 ㎍/g, respectively. Brown colored cosmetics had the highest mean concentrations of nickel and cobalt. Purple-colored cosmetics had the highest mean concentration of lead and chromium.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.260-265
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• 2024

During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, wastewater-based epidemiology was used for surveying infectious diseases. In this study, wastewater surveillance was employed to monitor COVID-19 outbreaks. Wastewater influent samples were collected from four sewage treatment plants in Ulsan (Gulhwa, Yongyeon, Nongso, and Bangeojin) between August 2022 and August 2023. The samples were concentrated using the polyethylene glycol-sodium chloride pretreatment method. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA was extracted and detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Next generation sequences was used to perform correlation analysis between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and COVID-19 cases and for COVID-19 variant analysis. A strong correlation was observed between SARS-CoV-2 concentrations and COVID-19 cases (correlation coefficient, r = 0.914). The COVID-19 variant analysis results were similar to the clinical variant genomes of three epidemics during the study period. In conclusion, monitoring COVID-19 via analyzing wastewater facilitates early recognition and prediction of epidemics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.85 no.4
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• pp.746-753
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• 2024

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the incidence and management of venous ruptures after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for dysfunctional arteriovenous (AV) access. Materials and Methods From January 1998 to December 2015, 13506 PTA, mechanical thrombectomy, and thrombolysis procedures were performed in 6732 patients. The venous rupture rate following PTA was obtained, and access circuit primary patency (ACPP) was compared according to the etiology (PTA, thrombotic occlusion, and treatment type) of the venous rupture present. Results Venous rupture developed in 604 of the 13506 procedures. Venous ruptures were more frequent in female, AV graft cases, and in cases accompanied by thrombosis. Balloon tamponade was performed in 604 rupture cases, and stents were deployed in 119 cases where contrast extravasation and flow stasis persisted. ACPP was significantly better in the non-ruptured AV access circuits than in the ruptured group. However, AV access type and thrombosis was not associated with primary patency. In ruptured cases, ACPP is 8.4 months for prolonged balloon tamponade and 11.2 months for bare-metal stent insertion, showing statistically significant difference. Conclusion Balloon tamponade and bare-metal stent placement are effective treatment for PTA-induced venous ruptures. In particular, stent placement showed a similar ACPP to that of non-ruptured AV access circuits.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-124
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• 2010

Objectives: The out-of-pocket payment (OOP) of the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance (IACI) in Korea was investigated empirically in terms of its incidence, magnitude and factors influencing them. Methods: The subjects were sampled with stratified, randomized methods among medical institutions of which the number of monthly IACI claims exceeded its median as of May 2008. Out of 204 institutions selected, 118 institutions (57.8%) responded to this survey. A total of 24,826 episodes(2,457 inpatient and 22,369 outpatient episodes) were included in this analysis. The incidence and magnitude of OOP of IACI were calculated by characteristics of institution as well as patient. Factors that affected the incidence and magnitude of OOP were investigated through multi-level analysis. Results: The overall incidence of OOP of IACI was 9.9% (25.6% for inpatient and 8.2% for outpatient) and the percentage of OOP among total expenditures was 8.3% on average (7.6% for inpatient and 26.8% for outpatient); 25.2% at traditional oriental medicine hospitals, 9.5% at general hospitals and 2.5% at the industrial-accident-designated medical institutions. The incidence of OOP of IACI was influenced by hospital size, ownership, longer duration of designation (over 5 years) and length of stay. On the other hand, its magnitude was influenced by medium-sized hospital, public hospital, location of large city and length of stay. Extra charges for upper grade room which accommodates less than 4 patients and treatment by specialists were the leading contributors to the magnitude of OOP of IACI. Conclusion: The incidence and magnitude OOP of IACI varied in institution type and were influenced by both institutional and patient's factors. In order to achieve the goal of Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance, appropriate level of compensation, that is, no incidence of OOP, for accident and disease of workers, it is necessary to take measures to reduce incidence and magnitude of OOP.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.390-394
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• 2017

Unexpected antibody screening and identification tests are highly important in the prevention of hemolytic transfusion reactions. Therefore, it is highly recommended to perform unexpected antibody screening test in all transfusion candidates. Here, the frequency and distribution of unexpected antibodies identified in Jeju for the past 3 years were evaluated. Between Jan 2014 and Dec 2016, unexpected antibody screening test was performed for 10,360 sera of transfusion candidates in Jeju general hospital using a column agglutination method with the Ortho BioVue system (Ortho-clinical Diagnostics, Raritan, NJ, USA). Eighty-seven (0.84%) of 10,360 cases that underwent unexpected antibiotics screening showed positive results. Among them, unexpected antibodies were identified in 41 cases (0.40%). Unidentified antibodies were detected in 8 cases (19.51%) and autoantibodies were detected in 3 cases (7.32%). The anti-E antibody included in warm antibodies were detected most frequently in 8 cases (19.51%); 6 cases (14.63%) of anti-E + anti-c antibody and 3 cases (7.32%) of $anti-Le^a+anti-Le^b$. $Anti-Le^a$ and $anti-Le^b$ antibodies were detected in 2 cases (4.88%), respectively. The anti-D, $anti-Di^a$, $anti-Fy^b$, $anti-Jk^a$, $anti-Jk^b$, anti-M and anti-P1 were detected in 1 case (2.44%). Complex antibodies were detected in 1 case (2.44%) in anti-C+anti-D and anti-E+anti-c+$anti-Jk^b$, respectively. In this study, we analyzed the frequency and distribution of unexpected antibodies in one general hospital for the past 3 years. However, there has been a general increase in multicultural families and foreign workers in Jeju, and it would be a meaningful study to compare the frequency and distribution of unexpected antibodies.