• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the treatment outcome after surgical-orthodontic treatment of the maxillary impacted incisors using multiple regression analysis. The study enrolled 83 patients who had surgical-orthodontic treatment in impacted maxillary central incisor between January 2005 and December 2015. Possible explanatory variables related to the prognosis of impacted incisor were age, gender, tooth developmental stage, height, position and angle of the teeth. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that as the height of the stem cell from apical papilla (SCAP) increased, the tooth length ratio increased by 0.345 units (p < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in gender, tooth development stage, distance and angle between the center line and the tooth, and the height of incisal tip of the tooth. In conclusion, the height of the SCAP of the impacted central incisor is factor affecting the tooth length after orthodontic traction.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2024

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant burden to infant and toddler's care globally, while the disease severity is generally mild in this age group. In this study, we aimed to assess epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: We used Seoul Metropolitan Government's epidemiological investigation database to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers, between March 2020 to December 2021. Results: A total of 5,025 infants and toddlers aged <5 years was diagnosed between the observed period. 2,720 (54.1%) had symptoms, and fever was the most common symptom in 1,941 (74.1%). Of the diagnosed cases, 96.4% did not have underlying diseases. In a district level, extended opening of childcare facility was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers. Conclusions: An efficient monitoring system, resembling routine clinical care, is crucial, considering the low rates of severe progression and fatality among infants and toddlers. Moreover, a well-grounded intervention based on scientific evidence, rather than unconditional closures, is necessary to establish a suitable childcare policy that ensures safety from infectious diseases while not overlooking the developmental aspects of social skills.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2002

For many rears, traffic accident statistics are the most direct measure of safety for a signalized intersection. However it takes more than 2 or 3 yearn to collect certain accident data for adequate sample sizes. And the accident data itself is unreliable because of the difference between accident data recorded and accident that is actually occurred. Therefore, it is rather difficult to evaluate safety for a intersection by using accident data. For these reasons, traffic conflict technique(TCT) was developed as a buick and accurate counter-measure of safety for a intersection. However, the collected conflict data is not always reliable because there is absence of clear criteria for conflict. This study developed objective and accurate conflict criteria, which is shown below based on traffic engineering theory. Frist, the rear-end conflict is regarded, when the following vehicle takes evasive maneuver against the first vehicle within a certain distance, according to car-following theory. Second, lane-change conflict is regarded when the following vehicle takes evasive maneuver against first vehicle which is changing its lane within the minimum stopping distance of the following vehicle. Third, cross and opposing-left turn conflicts are regarded when the vehicle which receives green sign takes evasive maneuver against the vehicle which lost its right-of-way crossing a intersection. As a result of correlation analysis between conflict and accident, it is verified that the suggested conflict criteria in this study ave applicable. And it is proven that estimating safety evaluation for a intersection with conflict data is possible, according to the regression analysis preformed between accident and conflict, EPDO accident and conflict. Adopting the conflict criteria suggested in this study would be both quick and accurate method for diagnosing safety and operational deficiencies and for evaluation improvements at intersections. Further research is required to refine the suggested conflict criteria to extend its application. In addition, it is necessary to develope other types of conflict criteria, not included in this study, in later study.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2002

Purpose : The aim of this study is to find out the distribution of illness, patterns of medical care utilization and factors determining medical care utilization in elementary school children. Methods : We performed the questionnaires in Gwangju city on 2,036 children of two elementary schools from June 1 to June 30, 1998. Results : The prevalence rate of illness was 32.3%. The distribution of illness was respiratory disease(64.7%), gastrointestinal disease(12.8%), injury & poisoning. The rate of persons having received medical treatment when they were sick, was 89.8%. The selection distribution among various medical facilities was pediatric hospital(46.7%), otolaryngologic hospital(19.8%), pharmacy (13.2%) and internal medicine in the decreasing frequency sequence. The major factors influencing the selection of medical facility were geographic accessibility and good results. The most common reason for the first visit to the pediatric hospital was geographic accessibility. The most common reason for a visit and to otolaryngologic hospital was a good result. The most frequently utilized medical facility for respiratory symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms was pediatric hospital. The persons influencing the selection of medical facility in the children were mother(73.3%), father( 10.8%), doctor and others in decreasing sequence. The persons answering the questionaire thought that the optimal age of pediatric care was from 0 to 12 years(47.8%), to 10 years(22.4%) and to 15 years(18.5%) in decreasing rate. Conclusion : Other departments instead of pediatrics have treated children. Children have particular growth and development process, which is different to those of adults. So, it is necessary to choose special medical care and adequate medical facilities for children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.1194-1201
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• 2006

Purpose : The comatose mentality can be catastrophic, especially if the condition is severe or the duration is prolonged. Therefore, delayed diagnosis can result in a poor outcome or death. The best radiologic modality to differentiate from cerebral lesions in patients suffering from cerebral diseases is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rather than computed tomography (CT). Special apparatuses with metal materials such as ventilators, and cardiac pacemakers belonging to patients cannot be located in the magnetic field. We aimed to exhibit the possibility of examining MRI, maintaining ventilation at a relative long distance by means of modified $Ambu^{(R)}$. Methods : Self-inflating bags as a sort of a manual ventilator, connected with relatively long extension tubes instead of mechanical ventilators, were adopted to obtain MRI. PVC (polyvinyl chloride) extension tubes had different lengths and diameters. Lengths were 1, 2, and 3 cm and diameters were 15, and 25 mm. The work of breathing and expiratory changes of expiratory tidal volume (TVe), minute volume of expiration (MVe), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) were measured by use of the mechanical ventilator, $Servoi^{(R)}$, as the alteration of TVi (inspiratory tidal volume), extension tube lengths and diameters with other values fixed. Results : Measured TVe and MVe by ventilator were the same values with control at every TVi, regardless of extension tube lengths and diameters, but PIP were increased with the rise of TVi, tube lengths, with decline of tube diameters, these were statistically significant. Conclusion : MRI examination can be carried out with a self-inflating bag connected with an extension tube at a long distance in patients who need artificial ventilation.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.19-42
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the tasks of 'dietary life' in the textbook developed according to the 2015 revised middle school 「Technology·Home economics」 education curriculum based on the multiple intelligence teaching and learning methods. To accomplish this purpose, 12 textbooks of middle school 「Technology·Home economics」 textbooks were titled "Nutrition and Dietary Behavior of Adolescents", "Planning and Choosing Meals", "Choosing Foods and Safe Cooking" except the questions, the tasks that the students can perform are analyzed based on the teaching and learning methods using multiple intelligences. Analysis methods were analyzed by using contents analysis method, focusing on learning activities, and sub-questions of activities were all included in each activity, and the process of preparing activities on a continuous line was grouped into one. Three people analyzed the activities and proceeded to revise and supplement the analysis standard through consultation. The other three researchers confirmed it. As a result of analyzing 12 kinds of textbooks, the number of activity tasks was 25~74 for each kind of textbooks, and the total number of activities was 527. According to the ratio of multiple intelligences, 35% of the tasks were using logical-mathematical intelligence, and 26.8% of linguistic intelligence, 23% of intrapersonal intelligence, 7.2% of interpersonal intelligence, 3.8% of spatial intelligence, bodily-kinesthetic(2.7%) and musical intelligence(1.5%). On the other hand, it was analyzed that there is no activity task using naturalist intelligence. Except to the naturalist intelligence, general intelligence was utilized. This indicates that the home economics curriculum is a convergence of the home economics curriculum in that it is a reorganization by extracting the contents and methods of other curriculum related to dietary life, is interpreted. This study is expected to provide a framework for various teaching and learning methods to activate students' participation classes and to provide an alternative to realize convergence education in home economics curriculum.