• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2003

Jeju native soybean was grown at five plant densities(30${\times}$30cm, 30${\times}$25cm, 30${\times}$20cm, 30${\times}$15cm, 30${\times}$10cm) from May 11 to September 10 in 2002 in Jeju island to determine the optimum plant density. Days to flowering was delayed from 94 days to 98 days as increasing of plant density. Plant height was 103cm at 30${\times}$30cm plot, as plant density increased, was 117cm at 30${\times}$10cm plot. As plant density increased, the number of branches and leaves, stem diameter, weight of plant, root length and weight of root grew low. As plant density increased from 30${\times}$30cm to 30${\times}$15cm, fresh forage, dry matter, crude protein and TDN yield increased 23.3∼36.5MT/ha, 5.1∼8.0MT/ha, 0.8∼1.4MT/ha and 2.9∼4.8MT/ha respectively, but decreased at 30${\times}$10cm plot. As plant density increased, crude protein, crude fat, NFE and TDN content increased 16.2∼17.9%, 2.7∼3.7%, 37.6∼40.7% and 56.1∼60.0% respectively. In contrast with this, crude fiber and crude ash decreased 34.9 ∼30.8% and 8.6∼7.2% respectively. To reach the climax of forage yield was estimated optimum plant density to be 30${\times}$15cm.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.377-384
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• 2021

Researching the soil fungal community is important to understand the interaction between fungi and living plants. However, too few studies have examined the soil fungal community and their interactions with plants. Rhododendron mucronulatum, commonly known as Korean rosebay, is an important forest resource that has aesthetic, ecological, and potential pharmacological values. We used a pyrosequencing method to analyze the characteristics of fungal communities from R. mucronulatum soil samples from Biseul mountain county park, which is one of the famous places for large R. mucronulatum colonies in South Korea. We collected soil core samples in February and August at three sites in the Biseul Mountain County Park, taking into consideration the regional and seasonal conditions. We obtained 454,157 validated reads after pyrosequencing all six samples. The fungal communities from the first observation spot in August had the richest species diversity among the samples. Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota were major phyla in the samples. Agaricales_f, Mortierellaceae, and Clavariaceae were major families in the samples. The genus Mortierella was the most dominant in all six samples. Overall, 19 genera could be associated with R. mucronulatum. Sample 1 had 109 genera in sample 1, sample 2 had 111 genera, and sample 3 had 112 genera that were uniquely identified. The samples collected in August had 28 identified genera, that existed only in summer samples, indicating a weather effect. This study can be used as basic research to understand the relationship between soil fungi and plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.464-470
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• 2022

In this study, the morphological characteristics of flower and fruit in five varieties (Hancho 915ho, 930ho, 10ho, 1020ho, 1030ho) from Zanthoxylum schinifolium were investigated as new varieties with different fruiting seasons. Qualitative and quantitative characteristics were investigated, spectively. For quantitative characteristics can be measured numerically, such as size and number, the varieties were identified using ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple range test. In addition, the validity of whether the quantitative characteristics of five varieties can be explained by factor analysis was reviewed. Using UPGMA, the relationship between the five varieties was confirmed by dendrogram. As a result of ANOVA and Scheffe's multiple range test there was significant difference in inflorescence width and female flower length. It had a high contribution to distinguishing varieties, which was similar to the PCA results using factor analysis. As a result of dendrogram using cluster analysis, Hancho 915ho, 1020ho and 1030ho were similar, but there was a distinct difference in the characteristics of different flowering and fruiting periods, confirming that they were different varieties.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.421-426
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of timing of nutrient starvation during transplant production on growth of runner plants and yield of strawberry 'Seolhyang' (Fragaria ${\times}$ ananassa). Nutrient solution supply at the level of EC (electrical conductivity) 0.8 $dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ was terminated at interval about 10 days between July 25 and September 5. As a result, the growth of above-ground part was inhibited while root growth increased when the nutrient starvation treatment had been brought forward to July 25. It also reduced the T/R ratio significantly and chlorophyll content was tended to be lower than the other treatment. In addition, it significantly promoted the budding, flowering and harvest of first flower cluster. On the other hand, the period of harvest was delayed more than two weeks when the nutrients were continuously supplied after the middle of August. An accumulated marketable fruit yield per plant until the end of January and February was 169 and 266g, respectively in the treatment of nutrient starvation on July 25, which was 71 and 12% increase, respectively, as compared with those in the treatment of September 5. Therefore, the appropriate nutrient starvation in the late season of strawberry nursery period could be expected the increase in yield and income during the winter season by promoting the flower bud differentiation as reducing the endogenous nitrate level of the plantlet.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.158-165
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• 2018

The effects of different kinds of supplementary lighting or heating lamps on the yield, cut flower life, and leaf color of cut rose were compared and analyzed. For this purpose, light emitting diode lamp (LED), metal halide lamps (MH), and high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) as the supplementary lamps, and carbon fiber infrared lamp (NCFI) were installed on hydroponic cultivation bed in a cut rose farm. The yield of cut flower rose and the number of marketable flowers were greatly increased in spring and autumn by HPS treatment, but not in winter. The length of flower stalk was longer than that of control in the spring but decreased in winter. It seemed likely that the shorter flower stalk in winter was due to the shortened period of vegetative growth compared to the control because flowering was promoted by supplementary lighting. Vase life was not different among treatments in the autumn when the lighting time was short, but in winter, it was prolonged to 3 more days by only HPS, compared with the control. Leaf color was significantly affected by light treatment in winter rather than autumn. Leaf color was darkened in all supplementary lamps (LED, MH, HPS) treatment, whereas NCFI was similar to the control in leaf color. In conclusion, HPS is considered to be a very good supplementary lamp because it increases the length of flower stalk and the yield and prolongs vase life in cut roses. Even though NCFI could function as a heating lamp radiating a lot of heat, it was considered that the role as a supplementary light is unsatisfactory because the number of marketable flowers decreases and the quality index of cut rose deteriorates by NCFI.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.155-160
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity in induced vetch cultivars at paddy field of Cheonan (National Institute of Animal Science) and Naju (Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension) from 2004 to 2006. The vetch cultivars used in this study were 6 varieties ('VV4712', 'Welta', 'Penn-02', 'Ostsaat', 'Oregon com.', 'Sander 2'). At the Naju region, the most fast flowering date variety was Chinese milk vetch, Sander 2 was very late as 20th May. The average dry matter (DM) content was 21.7%. Vetch cultivars were severely different. 'Oregon com.' showed the highest DM yield by 5,406 kg/ha but the DM yield of 'Ostsaat' was low by 4,852 kg/ha. At the Cheonan region, the most fast flowering date variety was Korean milk vetch, Sander 2 was very late as 25th May. The average dry matter (DM) content was 16.9%. Vetch cultivars were severely different. 'Welta' and 'Ostsaat' showed the highest DM yield by 2,173 kg/ha and 1,883 kg/ha respectively, but the DM yield of 'VV4712' was low by 1,079 kg/ha. Crude protein (CP) content of vetch was 11.5%. 'Sander 2' showed the highest CP content by 14.4% and Chinese milk vetch showed the highest content by 19.3%. Average acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content were 26.8%, 42.2% and 67.5%, respectively. The results of this experiments indicated that the productivity of vetch cultivar varied from winter hardness, therefore we will consider the winter hardness as main factor when induce vetch cultivars. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Oregon com.' at the Naju region and 'Welta' and 'Ostsaat' at the Cheonan region would be recommendable for fall sown 'vetch' for dry matter production.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen concentration of cultural solution, rhizobium inoculation, and planting density on nodulation, contents of total-N and allantoin-N of the plants, and contents of crude fat and protein of the seeds with 4 cultivars and 1 non-nodulation isogenic line (Hwangeumkong, Jangbaegkong, Paldalkong, Clark, non-nodulating Clark) in nutri-culture. Modulation was increased significantly by the rhizobium inoculation and decreased by the increase of nitrogen concentration of the cultural solution and planting density, and more nodule per plant was observed in Hwangeumkong than other cultivars. Total nitrogen contents of the soybean plant were higher in Hwangeumkong and Janbaegkong compared with other two cultivars, and were increased by rhizobium inoculation and the increase of nitrogen concentration of the cultural solution except in case of $R_3$ stage of non-inoculation of rhizobium, and was decreased by the increase of planting density. Allantoin nitrogen contents of stem were lower in Paldalkong compared with other cultivars and was increased significantly by the rhizobium inoculation, and thus was correlated significantly with nodulation. Allantoin-N contents were also decreased by the increase of planting density and nitrogen concentration of the solution, and was very low in case of non-nodulating isogenic line at any level of nitrogen concentration. The contents of crude fat of the seed were lower in cases of higher nitrogen concentration of the solution and more plants per pot, but no effects of rhizobium inoculation was observed. The contents of crude protein were tend to increase by the increase of nitrogen concentration, but were little effected by rhizobium inoculation and planting density.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.161-169
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• 2005

With various Korean domestic soybeans, growth and yields analysis were conducted to select the suitable soybean cultivars for cultivation in paddy field. Distinctive aspects of the soybean growth were observed in paddy field such as retarded growth of top plants and roots, relatively higher T/R ratio followed by overgrowth of top plant. However, growth and yields were significantly different among the cultivars showing 134kg/10a in Paldokong and 385 kg/10a in Doremikong. At V5. and R2 stage, highly positive correlations $(r=0.76^{**}\~0.91^{**})$ were observed between leaf area and dry weight of top plant and/or root. T/R ratio was negatively correlated with dry weight of root $(r=-0.37^*)$ at V5 stage, while significantly correlated with leaf area $(r=-0.37^{**})$ and dry weight of top plant $(r=0.65^{**})$at R2 stage. Among the characters, only 100-seed weight was significantly correlated with yield. Considering the growth characters, 37 cultivars could be included in 3 different groups and genotypic properties such as maturity and growth habit were similar in each group. Nine cultivars in group 1 showed retarded growth from V5 to R2 stage, relatively lower T/R ratio, and good seed ripening. Average yields of the cultivers was 257kg/10a. In group 2, 12 cultivars showed higher T/R ratio due to overgrowth of top plant and lowest average yields (230 kg/l0a) due to poor seed ripening. Sixteen cultivars in group 3 grew fast from V5 to R2 stage representing late maturity traits, low T/R ratio, and good seed ripening. Average yields of the cultivars was highest among groups showing 270kg/l0a. In results, stable self-sufficiency of soybean yields could be expected by selective cultivation with high yielding cultivars ranging from 301 to 385kg/10a, such as Shinpaldalkong 2, Sohokong, Doremikong, Keumkangkong, Bukangkong, Dajangkong, and Geomjeongkong 2, or with cultivars included in group 3.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.400-407
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• 1989

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen concentration of cultural solution, Rhizobium inoculation, and planting density on the growth and yield of soybean cultivars, Hwanggeumkong, Jangbaegkong, Paldalkong, Clark, and non-nodulation isoline of Clark. Rhizobium inoculation increased the stem length, particularly in Hwanggeumkong, Jangbaegkong, and decreased it significantly in non-nodulation Clark. Stem length was increased by the increase in nitrogen fertilization by the 195ppm level and decreased by the increase in plant population density. Rhizobium inoculation also increased the shoot dry weight, but significantly decreased it in non-nodulation Clark. As nitrogen concentration in the cultural solution increased the shoot dry weight decreased in Jangbaegkong and paldalkong. However, the shoot dry weight was decreased by the increase in plant population density. Rhizobium inoculation and the increase in nitrogen concentration of cultural solution increased the ratio of shoot dry weight to root weight. The Rhizobium inoculation and the increase in nitrogen concentration of cultural solution increased the grain yield per pot in Hwanggeumkong and paldolkong, While non-nodulating Clark showed significant decrease in grain yield. Grain yield per pot was also increased by the increase of plant population density. Grain yield was significantly correlated with shoot dry weight, nodule number, and nitrogen content of the soybean plants. The correlation between nitrogen contents of the soybean plants and stem length, shoot dry weight, and nodulation was significant. The allantoin-N content in stem was also significantly correlated with nodulation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2010

In this experiment, the effects on the growth and the quality of cut flowers of chrysanthemum 'Jinba' were mainly concerned depending on cultural methods between the pinching and the non-pinching. According to the results, the sufficient period of the vegetative growth was necessary to enter the flower bud differentiation in case of the non-pinching cultivation whereas it was not the case on the pinching. As compared with the pinching, the non-pinching showed 10% higher in the flowering ratio after flower bud differentiation. The flowering ratio of the non-pinching exceeded more than 95% but the pinching showed below 95% of the flowering ratio after flower bud differentiation. Comparing the number of cutting flowers between pinching and non-pinching, it was the non-pinching that showed the production of the first grade cutting flowers about 5 weeks faster than that of the pinching. It seem to be possible that harvesting time and growing period could be shortened. In the non-pinching growing region, above third-grading marketable cut flowers was 100% regardless of planting time. On the contrary, the pinching method showed 84.7% of marketable cutting flowers at first week from the planting, followed by 64.3% at second week, 18.8% at third week, and 2.6% at fourth week. Marketability of cutting flowers indicates that were planted by the pinching is very poor. When draw a comparison between the fourth-week planting of the non-pinching with the first-week planting of the pinching, the non-pinching could cut the growing period 38 days shorter than the pinching and the marketability was better. These results indicate that the non-pinching method can shorten the growing period and harvesting time compared to the pinching and it also resulted in reduction of cost and rapid production of the cutting flowers.