• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 1998

This research was conducted to control flowering of azalea (Rhododendron spp.) by shading, chilling and gibberellin treatments. Higher shading among treatments resulted in extended duration of flowering (DF) and increased number of flowers (NF) in all varieties tested. Number of days to flower (NDF) was increased in 'Ripple' by shading treatment, but this was not affected in other was vice verse in 'Reinhold Ambrosia' resulting in decreased NDF. Chilling treatment followed by high shading increased NDF and shortened DF in 'Inga' and 'Ripple', but that extended NDF and DF and increased NF in 'Reinhold Ambrosia'. In flowering response to $GA_3$ resulted in decreased NDF and increased NF. These results indicated that treatments of shading, chilling and gibberellin to azalea extended DF and increased NF, but NDF appeared different according to varieties.

• 한국지구과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.80-80
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 식물의 개화시기가 기온에 민감하게 반응한다는 것에 근거하여 54개의 기상관측지점을 선택하고 1988년부터 2008년까지 21년간 벚꽃 개화일의 시계열적 변화를 분석하였고 이들과 3월 평균기온과의 상관관계를 조사하였다. 그리고 엘니뇨와 라니냐 시기에 기온과 벚꽃개화일의 변화 경향과 도시화에 의한 기온변화가 벚꽃 개화일에 미치는 영향을 대도시와 교외도시와의 비교를 통해 알아보았다. 또한 경험직교함수(EOF) 분석을 통하여 벚꽃개화일의 시 공간 분포를 알아보았다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 3월 평균기온 분석을 통해 1988-2008년 사이에 한반도의 기온은 평균적으로 $0.13^{\circ}C$ 증가하였음을 확인할 수 있다. 그리고 평균적으로 남해안이 동해안과 서해안보다 평균기온이 높게 나타났으며, 서해안이 가장 낮은 평균기온을 보였다. 그리고 내륙지역의 경우 위도에 따라 평균기온이 달랐으며, 위도가 낮아질수록 평균기온이 크게 나타났다. 하지만 모든 지점에서 유의하지는 않았다. 두 번째, 벚꽃개화일의 변화를 보면, 개화일은 시간이 지날수록 빨라지는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 벚꽃개화일의 분포를 보면 위도가 낮은 지역이 개화일이 빨랐으며, 해안지역 중에서는 남해안, 동해안, 서해안 순이었다. 세 번째, 2월, 3월, 4월의 평균기온과 벚꽃 개화일의 상관관계 분석결과 3월 평균기온이 벚꽃개화일과 상관관계가 가장 높았다. 네 번째, 엘니뇨가 발생한 해에는 한반도의 기온이 상승하는 경향을 보였으며, 동시에 벚꽃개화일도 빨라졌다. 다섯 번째, 대도시가 교외도시에 비해서 기온상승이 높았으며, 벚꽃개화일도 빠르게 나타났다. 마지막으로, 경험직교함수(EOF) 분석 결과 3월 평균기온과 벚꽃 개화일의 1mode 시계열 패턴이 비슷하다는 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 1996년을 기준으로 이전에는 개화일이 느려지고, 이후에는 빨라지는 패턴을 보였다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.76-83
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• 1984

This experiment was performed to investigate the flowering habit of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Sesame varieties tested could be classified into 8 different plant types by their morphological traits such as capsule shape, capsule setting habit and branching types among sesame gene pool of Crop Experiment Station, ORD. The first flower was appeared at the lowest node on main stem. Flowers were appeared progressively toward the tip of the main stem and also toward the tips of branches. The interval of flowering for a node was about one day, but 3 to 8 days for the flowers on the tips. Side flowers started at 4 to 5 nodes lower than those of center flower at the same day. Flowers were beared 2 by 1 node on the middle part of flower setting node (7-9) in mono capsule setting habit in spite of its normal is 1 by 1 node on the other nodes. Flowers were beared opposite direction on each node of stem and flowering toward the tip of main stem composed of cross shape between nodes and spiral, reverse of clockwise direction. We called this habit as cross spiral flowering order and cross spiral phyllotaxis. The first flower on branches was appeared when center flower on the 5th node of main stem began to flower. The branches produced at higher nodes on main stem showed larger flowering periods and more number of flowers than that at lower parts. BTB (Branch, Tricapsule, Bicarpels, 4 Loculi) type showed three capsule setting habits and same flowering period both on main stem and branches while BTQ (Branch, Tricapsule, Quadricarpels, 8 Loculi) type showed three capsule setting habit on main stem and mono-capsule setting habit on branches. In BTQ type, the period of flowering was much shorter on branches than on main stem. Branching type was considered more promising than non branching type for the breeding of early maturing high yielding variety because branching type has the advantage of bearing a lot of flowers in comparatively short flowering period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.201-207
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• 1993

This study was carried out to ascertain the flowering and boiling habits in conditions of vinyl mulched cultivation. The effects of vinyl mulching cultivation in cotton was early flowering. The flowering period was no more than 26 days and shedding of flower bud was lower. The total boll setting rate to flower number was about 38%. The number of flowering plants was rapidly increased until Aug. 8, then later was decreased, the period of the highest flowering occured was for 5 days from Aug. 6 to Aug. 10. Boll setting was increased that the flowers opened before July 30, then the later flowers was tended to decrease belling in spite of the increased flowering. However flower bud shedding had a tendency to decrease after the highest boiling period. The effect of weather, max. temperature and hours of sunshine on flowering days were highly positive significant correlation. Minimum temperatures, high air humidity and amount of rainfall had a negative significant correlation. The demanded days to flowering on the same internode in each fruiting branches was taken average 1.2 days, these days among the fruiting branches of the same internode was 3.6 days.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.246-251
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• 1989

A medicinal legume crop, Cassia tora L., was grown with four different seeding dates in 1986 field condition to find the flowering and pod setting characteristics. Initial flowering date and flowering duration were almost same between plants sown from April 20 to May 30, but those of plants seeded at June 20 were significantly delayed and shortened. Last flowering date, however, was not different between plants sown from April 20 to June 20. C. tora plants showed indeterminate flowering habit, and bloomed vigorously from fourth date after initial flowering. Numbers of flowers, ovules and pods per plant were decreased along with delaying seeding date, and ovule to flower ratio and pod to flower ratio were greatly decreased in June 20 seeding plot. Flowers bloomed on second week from initial flowering showed the highest number of ovules and pods, and flowers bloomed after early September did not develop to matured pods. Maximum values of pod length, number of seeds per pod and 1000-grain weight were obtained from flowers bloomed on second week from initial flowering of plants sown from April 20 to May 30, and first week in June 20 seeding plot.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.2
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• pp.50-56
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• 1964

1. Five varieties of kenaf, Hibiscus cannabinus L., were used for study the influence of various patterns on flowering and fertilization. e statistical analysis on the percentage of flowering in given time gave highly significant different patterns among five varieties examined. Korean local kenaf was flowered very early, whereas Everglades 71 flowered very late. Both Guatemala 38F and Guatemala 2A introducedf rom Guatemala were flowered intermediately to compare with Korean local and American varieties. 3. The data indicate that low temperature was given delayed flowering time which means the flowering time was closely related with temperature having the flowering time was accelerated more or less early by high temperature. 4. It was shown that the fertilization after pollination was needed for five to six hours. 6. It was examined that the adequate crossing time between different varieties on the kenaf was the time of heavy flowering.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.437-442
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• 2002

To breed high quality and yield peanut variety according to select the short flowering duration, fifteen germplasms (1 virginia,7 spanish,6 valencia types and var, Daekwang) were investigated the flowering habit and agronomic characteristics from 1998 to 1999. Emergence date of the selected short flowering duration germplasms (SPFGs) was earlier 1-3 days and middle or small seed than that of var, Daekwang. Main stem length was longer 57cm but the number of branches, pods, 100-seed weight, and pod weight per plant was reduced 25%, 23%, 42%, 46%, respectively, in SPFCs comparing to var, Daekwang. The flowering date in SPFGs was similar but the flowering duration was earlier 5-16 days than that of var, Daekwang (52 days). Varieties that flowered shorter duration than 50 days were 18.8% among the SPFGs. The number of total flowers in SPFGs was fewer 50% than that of var, Daekwang. The rate of flowering inhibition were 50-52% than that of var Daekwang. The frequencies of flowering duration (under 50 days) were 7.7% in virginia, 46.2% in spanish, 53.9% in valencia. The effect of shading treatment on rate of flowering inhibition were 11%, but number of branches and pods were reduced by 27-31% in valencia type compared to non-shade. Correlation coefficient was significant positively ($r=0.9314^*$ virginia, $r=0.9551^*$ spanish, $r=0.9551^*$ valencia) between the air temperature and flower number, The frequency of peg and pod number on 1st to 2nd nodes in SPFGs were more 3-12%, 21-26% than that of var. Daekwang. The rate of mature pods at 80 days after flowering were higher 12-17% than that of var, Daekwang (68%). Correlation coefficient was high significant negatively between date of first flower and flowering date, the ratio of mature pod.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2019

산채류의 종자 및 종묘는 시중 거래가격이 높게 형성되어 재배농가의 경영비 증가로 이어지고 있다. 특히 산채 꾸러미에 분류되는 작물 중 개미취(Aster tataricus), 섬쑥부쟁이(Aster glehnii ), 우산나물(Syneilesis palmata)은 주로 종묘의 형태로 공급되어 수급이 안정치 못하다. 이에 본시험은 개미취, 섬쑥부쟁이, 우산나물의 우량종자 생산을 위한 종자 결실률 향상 재배조건과 채종적기를 구명하고자 하였다. 시험작목을 전북 남원시 허브산채시험장에서 2016년 4월에 종묘를 노지에 정식하였다. 적정 채종 재배조건을 구명하기 위해 2018년 노지, 하우스, 55% 차광막을 설치한 처리구별 각 작물의 개화시기, 개화율, 생육특성, 결실률 등을 조사하였다. 또한 채종적기를 설정하기 위해서 각 작물별 개화 후 50일, 70일, 90일, 110일, 130일 간격으로 채종하여 결실률과 종자 발아율을 조사하였다. 개화가 시작된 일자는 개미취의 경우 하우스재배, 노지재배, 차광재배 순으로 빨랐으며 섬쑥부쟁이는 노지재배에서 개화시기가 가장 늦었다. 모든 작물의 개화가 종료되는 시점은 처리 간 차이가 없었다. 개화율은 개미취와 섬쑥부쟁이는 노지재배, 하우스재배, 차광재배 순으로 많았으며 우산나물은 노지재배시 개화율이 9.3%로 매우 낮았다. 개화기 생육특성을 조사한 결과 개미취는 초장과 엽폭이 차광재배, 하우스재배, 노지재배 순으로 커지는 경향이었으며, 섬쑥부쟁이는 하우스 재배에서 타 재배방법에 비해 우수하였다. 우산나물은 차광재배에서 생육이 가장 좋았다. 결실률은 개미취와 섬쑥부쟁이는 재배방법에 상관없이 결실률이 60%이상이었다. 반면 우산나물은 평균 31%로 타작물에 비해 상대적으로 결실률이 낮았으며 차광 재배일 때 43%로 가장 결실률이 좋았다. 개미취는 개화 50일 이후부터 종자 결실률이 65%이상으로 높았으며, 섬쑥부쟁이의 결실률은 개화 후 50일이 가장 좋았으며, 그 이후로 점차 결실률이 떨어지는 경향이었다. 우산나물은 개화 후 90~110일경에 가장 결실률이 높은 경향이었다. 개미취는 개화 후 70일일 때 가장 발아율이 낮았으며, 90일일 때 가장 발아율이 좋았다. 섬쑥부쟁이의 발아율은 개화 50일 이후부터 최종 채종시기까지 80%이상으로 우수하였다. 우산나물은 채종시기에 따라 발아율 정도가 매우 상이하여, 채종시기가 늦어질수록 발아율이 높아졌다. 따라서 개미취는 하우스 재배를 통해 개화 후 90일 때 채종하는 것이 가장 발아율이 좋았으며, 섬쑥부쟁이는 차광재배일 경우 개화 50일 이후에는 발아율이 90% 이상이므로 이때부터 종자비산 전까지가 채종적기로 판단된다. 우산나물은 타작물에 비해 다소 결실률이 떨어지나 차광재배 시 개화 110일 후 우량종자를 채종할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.86-90
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• 1980

To define the effect of planting time on the flowering of the peanut varieties, Cheonyup banlip and 9 other varieties were planted seven times at 15 day interval from April 15. The days to flowering of all peanut varieties were shortened proportionately with delayed planting time. The significant negative correlation (r =-0.86**) was recognized between the shortening rate of the days to flowering by later planting time and the days to flowering of peanuts planted at standard seeding time. The short day treatment did not have any effect on the chance of the days to flowering of each variety. A significant negative correlation was recognized between the number of flowers and the days to flowering of the peanut varieties planted at standard seeding time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the flowering characteristics of 22 soybean (Glycine max Merrill) varieties of North Korea and classify the flowering group by the flowering date. The flowering date and the days required for flowering with the different planting times on May 31, June 19, June 30, July 3, and July 4 were investigated at the agricultural experimental field of Korea University for three years from 2017 to 2019. The flowering date and the days for flowering of "Yeonpungkong", an early maturing soybean cultivar of Korea, were July 18 and 48 days, respectively, at the planting time of May 31, those of "Daewonkong", a mid-late maturing cultivar, were July 30 and 60 days, respectively. Based on the flowering dates of "Yeonpungkong" and "Daewonkong", North Korean soybean varieties were classified into six flowering groups. Eight North Korean soybean varieties had the flowering dates earlier than "Yeonpungkong", including "Brekkhat" classified into the early flowering group. The range of flowering date was July 2 to 15 at planting time of May 31. Twelve North Korean soybean varieties had flowering dates similar to or later than "Daewonkong", including "Chang Dan Bac Mok" classified into the mid-late flowering group. The range of flowering date was July 24 to 30 at the planting time of May 31. For flowering response to environmental stimulus, all of the mid-late flowering varieties of North Korea responded to "photosensitive or day-length" for flowering reaction. The early flowering varieties were divided by "photosensitive" response and "temperature" response variety.