• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.615-622
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• 2007

A game engine should have the architecture that can manage various interactions between entities in a game for offering users various game experience. For this purpose, the game engine architecture based on message system is used. But only by this message based system, it is difficult to change game world continuously according to some storylines. The reason of this is event-driven system like message based system is appropriate for processing individual message but is not appropriate for processing more bigger logical work unit. For this purpose this paper proposes the storyline entity. The storyline entity has logical flows for a storyline and is called by engine continuously. By this proposed game engine architecture he or she can maintain free game experience by message based system and can add some progressing of storylines.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.644-658
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• 2021

Understanding the functional traits of dominant species in urban ecosystems provides insight into species' trait adaptation and ecosystem function in response to fragmented and isolated urban vegetation and reduced biological interactions. This study compared means and variances of environmental factors (geographic, meteorological, and soil attributes) and 4 leaf traits (leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf dry mass content, and leaf shape index) and 7 reproductive traits (fruit width, fruit length, fruit shape, fruit dry weight, fruit dry matter content, seed weight, and seed ratio) measured of 40 Sorbus alnifolia individuals in four mountainous areas south of Seoul downtown, South Korea. We then performed the multivariate analysis of trait combinations. While the measured environmental factors indicated the individuality of the survey sites, the urban vegetation was drier and had a longer growth period. The leaves of S. alnifolia in the urban areas were smaller and heavier, and the fruits produced longer and lighter seeds, showing the traits affected by long urbanization. The study confirmed changes in the growth and reproduction mechanism of the S. alnifolia population under the urban environment, indicating reduced biological interaction due to vegetation fragmentation and isolation. This study provides limited but distinct ecological information about the function and persistence of key species in cities with a reduced scale of biological interactions and many negative environmental factors such as air pollution.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2017

This study was conducted to develop an agent-based computing platform enabling simulation of on-farm produce contamination by enteric foodborne pathogens, which is herein called PPMCS (Preharvest Produce Microbial Contamination Simulator). Also, fecal contamination of preharvest produce was simulated using PPMCS. Although Agent-based Modeling and Simulation, the tool applied in this study, is rather popular in where socio-economical human behaviors or ecological fate of animals in their niche are to be predicted, the incidence of on-farm produce contamination which are thought to be sporadic has never been simulated using this tool. The agents in PPMCS including crop, animal as a source of fecal contamination, and fly as a vector spreading the fecal contamination are given their intrinsic behaviors that are set to be executed at certain probability. Once all these agents are on-set following the intrinsic behavioral rules, consequences as the sum of all the behaviors in the system can be monitored real-time. When fecal contamination of preharvest produce was simulated in PPMCS as numbers of animals, flies, and initially contaminated plants change, the number of animals intruding cropping area affected most on the number of contaminated plants at harvest. For further application, the behaviors and variables of the agents are adjustable depending on user's own scenario of interest. This feature allows PPMCS to be utilized in where different simulating conditions are tested.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.131-139
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• 2012

Many researches are actively doing for digital implementation of traditional architectural heritage using multimedia and virtual reality technologies. In addition, various attempts are progressed to utilize the digitally implemented traditional architectural heritage as "contents." Nowadays, the digitally implemented traditional architectural heritage can be displayed on through the Internet and/or many multimedia appliances by these attempts. Recently, virtual reality technology, especially augmented reality technology, begins to grab the attention for digitally implementing architectural heritage. Augmented reality is a technology that makes possible to show the overlapped contents by piling up the virtual objects on the real world. Many studies for augmented reality are progressed because it has an advantage in interacting with virtual objects and information. This study proposes the method of digital implementation of traditional architectural heritage by using augmented reality technology. We presented the method and process of digital implementation of traditional architectural heritage with augmented reality technology. Moreover, digitally implemented traditional architectural heritage with augmented reality is compared with the contents implemented by other computer technologies. We, also, presented how to utilize the traditional architectural heritage contents by using augmented reality.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.209-219
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• 2013

Epidemiological models on disease spread attempt to simulate disease transmission and associated control processes and such models contribute to greater understanding of disease spatial diffusion through of individual's contacts. The objective of this study is to develop an agent-based modeling(ABM) approach that integrates geographic information systems(GIS) to simulate the spread of FMD in spatial environment. This model considered three elements: population, time and space, and assumed that the disease would be transmitted between farms via vehicle along the roads. The model is implemented using FMD outbreak data in Andong city of South Korea in 2010 as a case study. In the model, FMD is described with the mathematical model of transmission probability, the distance of the two individuals, latent period, and other parameters. The results show that the GIS-agent based model designed for this study can be easily customized to study the spread dynamics of FMD by adjusting the disease parameters. In addition, the proposed model is used to measure the effectiveness of different control strategies to intervene the FMD spread.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.263-271
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• 2012

A female preference is a potentially complex function relating variation in multiple male traits with her probability of accepting the most optimal individuals as a mate. If mate preference is dominantly driven by additive fitness benefits, different females tend to be congruent in the decision of choice, whereas females will not necessarily share their mate preferences if non-additive benefits more strongly operate. Here, a sequential blocked design ($4{\times}4$) was applied to experimentally assess the relative contribution of additive and non-additive components to the female mate preference with Korean rosy bitterling, Rhodeus uyekii. In a total of 48 single stimulus presentations, behavioral elements of courtship activities were analyzed to derive the 'index of female preference'. Females showed a clear preference for males with more elaborate carotenoid colors, but mated randomly with respect to male body size and other color patterns. However, they were not individually consistent in their choice of mates, suggesting that non-additive components probably contribute to the evolution of female preference.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02b
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• pp.377-382
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• 2006

본 연구의 주제는 정보의 관계를 사용자 중심으로 시각화하는 것이다. 생활속에서 제공되는 대부분의 정보들은 보이지 않는 연결성을 가지고 있다. 이런 정보들의 공통적인 특성 및 관계의 연구를 통해 정보의 중요도를 측정할 수 있고, 각 정보의 개체 간의 연결성이 형성되어 인접정보의 접근이 용이해진다. 특히 인간관계는 사회 연결망의 주된 관심사이며, 사회의 각 개체 간 관계를 분석하여 도식화하는 여러 방법론이 제시되어 있다. 이번 연구를 위하여 제한된 사회라고 볼 수 있는 그리스 신화를 소재로 선정하여 등장인물들 간의 관계를 파악하는데 사회연결망 이론을 적용하였다. 하지만 시각화 측면에서 볼 때 현재 제공되는 사회 연결망 분석 도구는 사용자를 고려한 디자인 부분이 배제되어 단순히 정보를 일방적으로 보여준다는 한계를 지니고 있다. 미톨로지아에서는 분석된 자료를 바탕으로 사용자가 정보를 파악하는데 좀더 효과적이고 용이한 시각적인 구성을 가질 수 있도록 시도했다. 사회 연결망 분석법으로 그리스 신화의 인물들이 가진 신분, 출현 빈도, 감정관계 등을 수치화하여 인물의 연결성을 분석하였다. 또한 정보와 사용자 간의 상호작용 기능을 제공함으로써 사용자의 이해도를 높였다. 기본 인터페이스는 인물노드에 쉽게 접근할 수 있도록 4 가지 분류에 의한 인덱스의 형태를 가지며, 인물 간의 세밀한 관계는 선택에 의한 줌-인(zoom in) 기능을 통해 볼 수 있다. 이는 기존의 필터링 기능과는 차별적인 요소로서 직접 관련된 정보 이외의 정보들은 시각적으로 제한되어 사용자가 인물 관계를 빠르고 직관적으로 파악할 수 있다. 미톨로지아는 개괄적인 관계를 보여주는 레이아웃과 부분적이며 상세한 정보를 파악하기에 적합한 인터랙션 방법을 제시한다.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1988

In order to investigate the role of nuclei and cytoplasm in early embryogenesis, interspecific nuclear transplantation was carried out Nuclei of one species of amphibian was transplanted into enucleated egg of another species. In interspecific hybrids between Rana species, development was arrested before or right after the dorsal lip formation. In intergenetic hybrids between Rana, Xenopus and axolod, developmental arrest took place at late blastula stage. Comparing the developmental capacity of each nudeocytoplasmic hybrid, the more distantly related the species, the earlier does development arrest. The general rule is that nuclear transfers between any amphibian species will form a regulary cleaved late blastula. Two plausible factors relate to limitation of tite developmental capacity of nudeocytaplasmic hybrids. One is an irreversible change in grafted nuclei and another is tunctional incompatibility between the recipient cytoplasm and transplanted nucleus. The later is postulated a more possible cause of the arrestrnent.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.309-336
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• 2016

This paper introduces a relation extraction system that can be used in identifying and classifying semantic relations between biomedical entities in scientific texts using machine learning methods such as Support Vector Machines (SVM). The suggested system includes many useful functions capable of extracting various linguistic features from sentences having a pair of biomedical entities and applying them into training relation extraction models for maximizing their performance. Three globally representative collections in biomedical domains were used in the experiments which demonstrate its superiority in various biomedical domains. As a result, it is most likely that the intensive experimental study conducted in this paper will provide meaningful foundations for research on bio-text analysis based on machine learning.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2023

The medium-large cladoceran species Simocephalus spp. predominantly occur in habitats with developed aquatic vegetation. Accordingly, due to Simocephalus' high contribution to zooplankton community biomass in the lake's littoral zone and wetland habitats, estimating their biomass is important to understand the matter cycling based on biological interactions within the aquatic food web. In this study, we reviewed the length-weight regression equations used previously to estimate Simocephalus biomass, directly measured S. serrulatus' body specification (length, width and area) and their biomass(dry weight) using instruments such as a microscopic digital camera and a microscale, and performed regression analysis between each other. When S. serrulatus biomass was estimated using the equation (Kawabata and Urabe, 1998) presented in 『Biomonitoring Survey and Assessment Manual』, Korea, errors between estimates and measures were relatively large compared to the S. serrulatus species-specific biomass estimate equation developed by Lemke and Benke (2003). In addition, both equations showed not only increasing trends in error (estimate-measure) with increasing S. serrulatus' body length, but also in error variance among similar-sized individuals. The results of regression analysis with dry weight by body specifications indicated that the most appropriate equation for estimating the biomass of S. serrulatus was derived from the width-dry weight exponential regression equation (R²=0.9555). The review and development study of such species-specific biomass estimation equations for zooplankton can be used as a tool to understand their role and function in aquatic ecosystem food webs.