• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.137-142
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• 2019

Gene edited crops can be classified as SDN-1, SDN-2 and SDN-3 group depending on their mutation's range and the usage of donor DNA. The SDN-1 and SDN-2 crops, in particular, could be developed as 100% transgene-free, which do not contain any DNA fragment of the vector or guide RNA used for gene editing such as CRISPR Cas9 system. Therefore, there are no scientific methods available for the detection of these crops and differentiation with the one produced by conventional cross breeding techniques. Additionally, it would be impossible to properly implement the existing GMO regulation law, in particular, the national legislation for "GMO labelling". In this regard, Australia has announced that SDN-1 crops will not be subjected to the existing GMO regulation. Furthermore, Argentina and Brazil have established a new policy that GE crops with no transgene (100% transgene-free crops) should be exempted from the scope of the GMO. In addition, Japan has also announced that "an organism that has no remnants of inserted nucleic acid processed extracellularly is not subjected to the Cartagena Act". It means that SDN-2 crops can also be exempted from the scope of GMO. In this trend, in South Korea, I suggested that gene edited crops with no remnants of inserted foreign DNA fragments should be excluded from the existing GMO regulation. Thus, I expect that diverse elite crop lines should be developed by using advanced gene editing technologies

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.167-177
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• 2018

Major countries, such as the U.S., UK and Germany have reformed their national intelligence systems in the face of transnational, asymmetric and comprehensive threats since September 11, 2001 and have strengthened the intelligence capacity involved in countering terrorism and WMD proliferation, right/left extremism threats. The Korean Moon Jae-in government is preparing a reform plan to eliminate illegal political intervention and abuse of power by the National Intelligence Service(NIS) and to rebuild it as an efficient national intelligence agency for national security. In discussing the reform direction of the NIS, it is necessary to discuss in detail whether adopting a separate model of intelligence agencies to restrict domestic intelligence activities of the NIS and concentrate on foreign intelligence activities or establish new domestic intelligence agencies. Second, as for the issue of transferring anti-Communism investigation authority of the NIS to the police, it needs to be carefully considered in terms of balancing the efficiency and professionalism of intelligence agency activity in the context of North Korea's continuous military provocation, covert operations and cyber threats. Third, it should strive to strengthen the control and supervision functions of the administration and the National Assembly to ensure the political neutrality of the NIS in accordance with the democratization era, to guarantee citizens' basic rights and to improve the transparency of budget execution.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.163-169
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• 2019

This study examined whether industry-level competition affects excess stock returns because of changes in cash holdings. Competitive inter-company threats increase the possibility of the manager's replacement, and function to induce management to make their best efforts, resulting in the amount and quality of the information provided by the enterprise increasing. Therefore, as competition intensifies, agency problems are reduced and stock returns increase because the company's cash holdings are expected to increase. However, there is a view that firms in industries with severe competition tend to have high information asymmetry because competitors may compete in more favorable positions by using detailed information disclosed by the competing firms. Accordingly, as market competition intensifies, the excess stock returns resulting from increased cash holdings are expected to decline. These results show that excess stock returns because of increases in cash holdings increase as the degree of competition in the industry intensifies, thus supporting the positive effect of market competition. Overall, the results of this study provide an understanding that market competition plays an effective external governance mechanism and that investors positively evaluate the cash held by companies with severe industry competition.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2019

During the time period from 2010 to 2017, out of 162,551 blood specimens, 11,233 (6.9%) specimens were positive for culture and 11,865 strains were cultured. Among the isolates, 47.8% were Gram positive cocci, 38.8% were Gram negative rods, 4.2% were Gram positive bacilli, 6.8% were fungi and 2.3% were anaerobes. When the culture results were compared according to gender, 55.0% (2,732/4,969) of the isolates were found in males and 45.0% (2,237/4,969) were isolated in females. In addition, when categorized according to age group, people in their 70s were the most separated by 28.7% (1,426/4,969) and this showed a great difference from 1.2% (62/4,969) of people in their teens. MRSA decreased significantly from 66.7% in 2016 to 46.8% in 2017. The vancomycin resistance rate of E. faecium was 35.0% (48/137). The ESBL positive rate of E. coli in intestinal bacteria was increased from 17.2% in 2010 to 28.8% in 2017, but the positive rate decreased for K. pneumoniae. 11.8% (14/119) of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA) of P. aeruginosa and 64.3% (161/252) of MDRAB of A. baumannii showed high resistance. Because the microbial susceptibility and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the blood specimens isolated from all the blood specimens differ according to the time period, region and patients, periodic analyses of different pathogens and understanding the changes in the degree of susceptibility to antimicrobial susceptibility have been conducted in hospitals.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.59-65
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• 2019

This study examines how cinematic texts are used in movies through Lee Jun-ik's 2015 film, and what narrative and visual effects are obtained through them. This film portrays poet Yun Dong-ju as a central figure and chooses to reconstruct his life. The movie, , used Yun's poetry as a device to maximize the lyricism of the film and to suggest a change in the fate of the character and the inside. In other words, uses Yun Dong-ju's poetry to aesthetically express the inner change of the characters in the film and the sensitivity of the film. Through this, I visualize Yun Dong-ju as poet Yun Dong-ju, a poet who was stuffed in literary books, as a normal literary youth. It is also a reminder of the weight of the reality that the present youth is experiencing and the problem of an individual living in history. In this respect, the movie is a major text that depicts the poetry and poetry of the time, and the age of poet through the media. 'Poetry' as the text of the text delivered with the image maximized the lyricism of the image and led to high aesthetic achievement. Through poetry and poetry, it can be regarded as the main text approaching the problems of history, individual, literature and reality.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.39-45
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• 2019

Crew productivity in the construction industry is an important indicator of soundness and efficiency of work process, since all works in a site are conducted as groups of people. A survey was conducted in order to reveal importance and performance of major management factors affecting crew productivity in road bridge construction site using IPA. As a result of the analysis, it was found that 'Construction equipment' and 'Human resource related' factors among five major-categories are most important but with low performance. Furthermore, from another analysis with 27 factors of sub-categories, it is revealed that factors needed sustained attention are four, namely 'Just-in-time machinery delivery', 'Formation of a crew members', 'Skill of workers', and 'Site control and management', whereas those needed much more improvement are five, such as 'Machinery performance', 'Clearity of Design', 'Clearity of shop drawing', 'Timing of work instruction and approval', and 'Clearity of work instruction'. Findings from this study will enable road agencies as well as road construction experts to enhance crew productivity in a site.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.407-421
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to survey the knowledge and practice about preventive behavior for urinary tract infection in caregivers, and ultimately to provide the basic information in terms of urinary tract infection prevention. Participants in this study were caregivers who working at the 7 long-term care facilities in J-city of South Korea. Total 198 were participated in this study. Descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and scheffe test were performed using SPSS Windows for 21.0 program. The correct answer rate for the knowledge about preventive behavior of urinary tract infection was 79%. The practice of urinary tract infection preventive behavior were significantly differed by the number of nurses, the number of elderly, working time and the experience, perceived importancy, necessity with education for urinary tract infection. The preventive behavior for urinary tract infection in caregivers should be supervised by health care providers. Moreover, it should be needed to educate and apply the basic education program to improve the caregivers' knowledge and practice for preventive behavior in urinary tract infection by healthcare providers. Continuous infection monitor and education by healthcare providers can be contributed the quality of elderly caring services and development of monitoring system for urinary tract infection in long-term care facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.93-103
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• 2021

Despite the efforts of financial authorities in conducting the direct management and supervision of collection agents and bond-collecting guideline, the illegal and unfair collection of debts still exist. To effectively prevent such illegal and unfair debt collection activities, we need a method for strengthening the monitoring of illegal collection activities even with little manpower using technologies such as unstructured data machine learning. In this study, we propose a classification model for illegal debt collection that combine machine learning such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) with a rule-based technique that obtains the collection transcript of loan companies and converts them into text data to identify illegal activities. Moreover, the study also compares how accurate identification was made in accordance with the machine learning algorithm. The study shows that a case of using the combination of the rule-based illegal rules and machine learning for classification has higher accuracy than the classification model of the previous study that applied only machine learning. This study is the first attempt to classify illegalities by combining rule-based illegal detection rules with machine learning. If further research will be conducted to improve the model's completeness, it will greatly contribute in preventing consumer damage from illegal debt collection activities.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.37-70
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• 2011

The 40-hour work week system has brought positive impact on shortening working hours, eliminating long-time work, increasing leisure-time with family, etc. And this has brought about an increase in leisure-life satisfaction and happiness level. The type of leisure activities has changed from passive activities such as rest to active activities such as sports, tourism. And the 40-hour work week system has positive impact on social activities such as participation in volunteer work and, club activities. Thus all efforts need to be made to establish 40-hour work week system as soon as possible in all workplace. Firstly, 40-hour work week system needs to be introduced to every workplace with less than 5 persons, enlarge 5-day school week system into every primary and secondary school, and create conditions for positive leisure activities. Secondly, labor standards supervision and administration needs to be strengthened to eliminate long-time work over 52 hours per week, below-minimum wage work.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.141-170
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship among the degree to provide emotional labor, personal relationship and the intent to stay of female care service workers. Specifically, this study focuses on the mediating effect of the personal relationship (client and agency relation). The path analysis and structural equation modeling analysis were performed on the collected data using SPSS18.0. and AMOS 8.0. And Sobel test conducted for examine the mediating effect. The results are the followings. First, the result of the analysis showed that agency relationship was an indirect factor as the partial mediating effect on relationship between the degree to provide emotional labor and the intent to stay for the care women workers. The result suggests that education utilizing various techniques and strategies to overcome the difficulty accompanied by emotional labor such as communication education and the government try to effort managing and controlling the agency which impact on the labor condition of care workers. Second, the government also tries to provide the trust and collaboration network system which construct a good relationship between the care worker and the agency.