Journal of Plant Biotechnology

  • 제46권3호
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  • Pages.137-142
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  • 2019
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  • 1229-2818(pISSN)
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  • 2384-1397(eISSN)
한국식물생명공학회 (The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology)
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외래 DNA단편이 잔존하지 않는 유전자교정식물에 대한 GMO규제 범위의 제외에 관한 국제 동향

Current status on the modification of the scope for GMO regulation on the gene edited plants with no remnants of inserted foreign DNA fragments

  • 이신우 (국립경남과학기술대학교 생명과학대학 농학.한약자원학부)
  • Lee, Shin-Woo (Gene Edited Crops with No Remnants of Inserted Foreign DNA Fragments Should be Exempted From GMO Regulation)
  • 투고 : 2019.08.09
  • 심사 : 2019.09.15
  • 발행 : 2019.09.30
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초록

유전자교정작물은 공여 DNA의 사용 여부와 돌연변이의 크기에 따라 SDN-1, SDN-2, SDN-3 작물로 분류한다. 특히 SDN-1과 SDN-2 작물들은 이들을 창출하기 위하여 사용한 운반체 DNA 단편 또는 guide RNA가 잔존 하지 않는 100% transgene-free 작물의 개발이 가능하다. 따라서 이들은 기존의 전통교배육종기술을 이용하거나 자연 상태에서도 창출이 가능한 작물들이다. 그러므로 기존의 GMO 법령에 따라 이들 유전자교정작물을 판별하거나 표시제에 근거한 관리 감독을 수행하기가 어렵다. 이러한 과학적 사실에 근거하여 호주는 SDN-1 작물은 GMO 규제에서 제외하도록 하였다. 또한, 아르헨티나, 브라질, 일본 등은 외래유전자가 최종산물에 잔존 하지 않는 유전자교정작물은 GMO 규제에서 제외하도록 하여 SDN-1은 물론 SDN-2 작물도 GMO에 포함되지 않을 수도 있도록 하였다. 이러한 추세에 따라 우리나라도 외래유전자가 잔존 하지 않는 유전자교정작물은 GMO 규제에서 제외하도록 하여 유전자교정기술을 이용한 다양한 작물 육종 계통 육성이 널리 이용되어 우수 품종 육성에 기여되길 기대한다.

Gene edited crops can be classified as SDN-1, SDN-2 and SDN-3 group depending on their mutation's range and the usage of donor DNA. The SDN-1 and SDN-2 crops, in particular, could be developed as 100% transgene-free, which do not contain any DNA fragment of the vector or guide RNA used for gene editing such as CRISPR Cas9 system. Therefore, there are no scientific methods available for the detection of these crops and differentiation with the one produced by conventional cross breeding techniques. Additionally, it would be impossible to properly implement the existing GMO regulation law, in particular, the national legislation for "GMO labelling". In this regard, Australia has announced that SDN-1 crops will not be subjected to the existing GMO regulation. Furthermore, Argentina and Brazil have established a new policy that GE crops with no transgene (100% transgene-free crops) should be exempted from the scope of the GMO. In addition, Japan has also announced that "an organism that has no remnants of inserted nucleic acid processed extracellularly is not subjected to the Cartagena Act". It means that SDN-2 crops can also be exempted from the scope of GMO. In this trend, in South Korea, I suggested that gene edited crops with no remnants of inserted foreign DNA fragments should be excluded from the existing GMO regulation. Thus, I expect that diverse elite crop lines should be developed by using advanced gene editing technologies

키워드

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