• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.37-42
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• 2023

This study aimed to examine the safety of HemoHIM, a dietary supplement containing methoxsalen. HemoHIM is a dietary supplement marketed globally, and a competitor to ginseng. It has been reported to contain methoxsalen, a plant extract for treating psoriasis and vitiligo. Methoxsalen is known to cause hepatotoxicity, but most of the cases has been reported from ingestion as a drug, not a food. There are no reports of hepatotoxicity from the consumption derived from natural products such as Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, and Paeonia lactiflora, which are the main ingredients in the HemoHIM. However, a recent case of acute hepatitis was reported in Hong-Kong after ingestion of HemoHIM. It is difficult to conclude that hepatitis was caused by HemoHIM, because there was no check of co-occurring medications with a higher risk of hepatotoxicity, no description of the progress, no quantitative comparison of methoxsalen in HemoHIM to it in common foods such as carrots and celery, and no description of the patient's underlying diseases. On the other hand, there was a study that suggest hemoHIM is safe, and that study had adequate number of subjects even though more studies are needed to ensure safety.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2006

Background : Even though two-month rifampicin (RMP, R) and pyrazinamide (PZA, P) treatment has some advantages over isoniazid (INH, H) treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), it was withdrawn from the list of treatment regimens for LTBI because of reported cases of severe hepatotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency of hepatotoxicity of RMP and PZA treatment excluding INH in a Korean population. Method : TIn order to recruit patients who were prescribed RMP and PZA excluding INH, 256 INH-resistant tuberculosis patients were investigated through retrospective medical record analysis. A standard four-drug regimen was changed to a RMP/PZA-containing regimen excluding INH in 64 patients (RZ+ group). In the same study period, 146 patients who were prescribed an INH/RMP/PZA-containing standard regimen were randomly selected as a control (HRZ+ group). Clinical characteristics including liver diseases and the frequency of drug-induced hepatitis were compared between the RZ+ and HRZ+ groups. Result : The mean age of patients in the RZ+ group was 50.2 (${\pm}16.2$) and the male-to-female ratio was 36:28. The frequency of underlying liver diseases was 10.9% (7/64), which was not significantly different from that of the HRZ+ group (4.1%, 6/146). Even though the treatment duration of RZ+ ($5.5{\pm}4.8months$) was longer that than that of HRZ+ ($2.7{\pm}2.3months$), the frequency of toxic hepatitis was not significantly different between RZ+ and HRZ+ groups, 3.5% (2/57) and 7.1% (10/140), respectively. Conclusion : Hepatotoxicity was mild and occurred in a minor proportion of patients in a Korean population prescribed an RMP/PZA-containing regimen. A future prospective study including more patients is needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.323-323
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• 1994

Allyl alcohol은 간에서 두 단계의 효소 반응을 거쳐 대사되는데, 먼저, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)에 의해 독성 활성체인 acrolein으로 바뀌고, 이후 계속하여 aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)에 의해 acrylic acid로 무독화되어 배설된다. Ethanol 역시 간에서 대사되는데 있어 같은 효소들을 공유하므로 allyl alcohol과 경쟁적으로 반응할 것이다. 따라서, 본 실험에서는 ethanol에 의한 대사 효소 경쟁반응에 의해 allyl alcohol 의 간독성이 어떻게 변화하는지를 연구하였다. 우선 ethanol과 allyl alcohol을 동시 투여할 경우 5시간째에 allyl alcohol에 의해 증가된 ALT level을 낮춘다는 보고를 확인하고자 ethanol 2 g/kg과 allyl alcohol 40 mg/kg을 동시투여했으나 오히려 치사율이 증가했고, ethanol을 2시간 전처리한 군에서도 역시 치사율이 증가되고, 간의 glutathione 양은 allyl alcohol 단독 처리군에 비해 현저히 감소되는 양상을 보였다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1104-1108
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of Laminaria japonica fucoidan extract (LJFE) through the enzymatic regulation against the hepatotoxicity-inducing carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)$ in LJFE and $CCl_4-treated$ rats. LJFE of 100mg/kg concentration was intraperitoneally administered into rats at dose of 1.5m11kg for 14 days. On the day 15, 3.3ml/kg of $CCl_4$ dissolved in olive oil (1:1) was injected 12 hours before anesthetization. We examined the levels of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) in serum of rats, superoxide dismutase(SOD) in mitochondrial fraction, and catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) in liver homogenate. $CCl_4-treatment$ markedly increased the levels of GOT and GPT, and significantly decreased those of SOD, CAT and GPx. But LIFE pretreatment decreased the levels of GOT and GPT, by 40% and 64%, respectively and increased those of SOD, CAT and GPx, by 114%, 36.1% and 55.9%, respectively These results showed the LIFE had the enzymatic regulatory effects against the hepatotoxicity-inducing $CCl_4$ in the preventive way.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2000.12a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.94-94
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• 2000

No Abstract.See Full-text

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.441-446
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• 2012

The purpose of present study is to observe the hepato-protective effect of ginger aqueous extracts on carbon tetrachloride($CCl_4$)-induced mouse. Ginger groups received ginger aqueous extracts (500 mg/kg) orally for 3 days and given a single dose of $CCl_4$ (4 mL/kg). Silymarin group was treated with silymarin (50 mg/kg) orally for 3 days and then aministration of $CCl_4$ (4 mL/kg). Control group was only administered $CCl_4$ (4 mL/kg). In the ginger groups, the AST, ALT levels were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared to the control groups. Histopathological evaluation, hepatic parenchyma and kidney parenchyma of ginger groups were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared to control group. The results obtained in this study suggest that ginger aqueous extracts are able to protect the liver $CCl_4$-induced injury.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2007

The root of Rosa rugosa has been used in folkloric medicine as a treatment agent for diabetes. In the present study, we investigated whether (+)-catechin isolated from this plant can change the activities of hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes in rats treated with bromobenzene. Pretreatment with (+)-catechin gave no effects on the activities of aminopyrine N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, enzymes forming toxic bromobenzene epoxide intermediates and glutathione Stransferase, an enzyme removing toxic epoxides. However, the activity of epoxide hydrolase, an enzyme detoxifying the bromobenzene toxic intermediates was mildly recovered by (+)-catechin treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Salicornia herbacea L. (SH) on carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity. Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally administered the SH at 100 mg/kg per day for two weeks. Then single dose of $CCl_4$ (3.3 ml/kg) was injected into rats. Twelve hours later, they were anesthesized with ether and dissected. $SH-CCl_4-administered$ group showed $65.56\%\;and\;59.04\%$ of inhibitory effects in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities, compared to $CCl_4-treated$ group (p<0.05). Malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels of $SH-CCl_4-administered$ group in liver homogenate and mitochondria were significantly inhibited by $53.74\%,\;89.86\%$, and respectively, compared to $CCl_4-treated$ group (p<0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of $SH-CCl_4-administered$ group in liver homogenate and mitochondria were significantly inhibited by $42.51\%,\;and\;38.42\%$, respectively, compared to $CCl_4-treated$ group (p<0.05). The histological examinations showed that the liver cell necrosis and centrilobular congestive aggregation induced by $CCl_4$ were clearly eliminated by the administration of SH. These results suggest that SH could have the protective effects against hepatotoxicity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.622-629
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• 2014

We studied the effects of Akebia quinata fruit extract (AQ) on acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. AQ (30-1,000 mg/kg body weight (BW) per day) was orally administered to the study group, once daily for 1 week. On the last day of AQ treatment, ethanol (6 mg/kg BW) was orally administered to induce acute liver injury. The AQ-treated group showed significantly lower levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, compared to the only ethanol-treated group (ETG). The glutathione level in the AQ-treated group elevated up to 20.6%, compared to that observed in the ETG. The mRNA expression of glutathione synthetic enzymes was also higher in the AQ-treated group, compared to the ETG. The AQ-treated group also exhibited lower levels of expression of NADPH oxidase 4 and tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA. Thus, these results show that AQ treatment can be a potential method to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in ethanol-treated mouse liver and also that AQ can be a useful therapeutic agent for acute alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity.