• 제목/요약/키워드: (b, s) coordinate

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Automatic Side Mirror and Room Mirror Adjustment System using 3D Location of Driver′s Eyes (운전자 눈 위치를 이용한 사이드미러와 룸미러 자동조절시스템)

  • 노광현;박기현;한민홍
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2000.10a
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    • pp.7-7
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    • 2000
  • This paper describes a mirror control system that can adjust the location of side and room mirror of the vehicle automatically using 3D coordinates to monitor the location of driver's eyes. Through analysis of the image inputted by two B/W CCD camera and infrared lamps installed on top of the driver's dashboard, we can estimate the values of 3D coordinate of the driver's eyes. Using these values, this system can determine the absolute position of each mirror and activate each actuator to the appropriate position. The stereo vision system can detect the driver's eyes whether it is day or night by virtue of infrared Lamps. We have tested this system using 10 drivers who drive a car currently, and most of the drivers were satisfied with the convenience of this system.

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Electrophilic Attack of the Phenyl Isocyanate Carbon at the Bridging Imido Nitogen: Preparation and Structure of$ Mo_2({\mu-N(CONPh)Ph})({\mu-NPh)(NPh)_2(S_2CNEt_2)_2$

  • 김경;Lee, Soon W.
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.19 no.11
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    • pp.1211-1216
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    • 1998
  • Bis(diethyldithiocarbamato)ioxomolybdenum(VI), cis-MoO2(S2CNEt2)2, 1, reacted with chlorotrimethylsilane (Me33SiCl) to give a seven-coordinate, pentagonal bipyramidal complex MoOC12(S2CN]Et2)2, 3, in which the oxo ligand is trans to the chloride ligand and the two chloride ligands are mutually cis. The monooxo molybdenum complex bis(diethyidithiocarbamato)oxomolybdenum(IV), MoO(S2CNEt2)2, 2, reacted with phenyl isocyanate (PhNCO) to give an Mo dimer MO2{μ-N(CONPh)Ph}(μ-NPh)(NPh)2(S2CNEt2)2, 4, which contains an Mo-Mo bond, two diethyldithiocarbamato ligands, two terminal imido (NPh) ligands, and two bridging hnido (NPh) ligands. One of the two bridging NPh ligands seemed to have been attacked by the electrophilic phenyl isocyanate carbon, which suggests that the bridging imido NPh ligand is more nucleophilic than the terminal one. Crystallographic data for 3: monoclinic space group P21/c, a=8.908(l) Å, b=17.509(3) Å, c=12.683(2) Å, β=110.15(1)°, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0611(0.1385). Crystallographic data for 4-THF: orthorhombic space group P212121, a=17.932(4) Å, b=22.715(5) Å, c=11.802(3) Å, Z=4, R(wR2)=0.0585(0.1286).

Concerted Asynchronous Proton Transfer in H-Bonding Relay Model: An Implication of Green Fluorescent Protein

  • Kang, Baotao;Karthikeyan, S.;Jang, Du-Jeon;Kim, Heeyoung;Lee, Jin Yong
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.34 no.7
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    • pp.1961-1966
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    • 2013
  • Theoretical investigations have been performed for the ground state ($S_0$) and the first excited state ($S_1$) of the hydrogen bonded green fluorescent protein (GFP) model. The potential energy surface (PESs) of $S_0$ was obtained by B3LYP method and that of $S_1$ was obtained by CIS method. Based on the relative stabilities of species and the energy barriers for the proton transfer, it was found that proton transfer could take place both under the ground state and the first excited state. As determined by the proton motions along the reaction coordinate, both the ground state proton transfer (GSPT) and the excited state proton transfer (ESPT) are considered as a concerted and asynchronous process.

Optimal sensor placement for mode shapes using improved simulated annealing

  • Tong, K.H.;Bakhary, Norhisham;Kueh, A.B.H.;Yassin, A.Y. Mohd
    • Smart Structures and Systems
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.389-406
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    • 2014
  • Optimal sensor placement techniques play a significant role in enhancing the quality of modal data during the vibration based health monitoring of civil structures, where many degrees of freedom are available despite a limited number of sensors. The literature has shown a shift in the trends for solving such problems, from expansion or elimination approach to the employment of heuristic algorithms. Although these heuristic algorithms are capable of providing a global optimal solution, their greatest drawback is the requirement of high computational effort. Because a highly efficient optimisation method is crucial for better accuracy and wider use, this paper presents an improved simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to solve the sensor placement problem. The algorithm is developed based on the sensor locations' coordinate system to allow for the searching in additional dimensions and to increase SA's random search performance while minimising the computation efforts. The proposed method is tested on a numerical slab model that consists of two hundred sensor location candidates using three types of objective functions; the determinant of the Fisher information matrix (FIM), modal assurance criterion (MAC), and mean square error (MSE) of mode shapes. Detailed study on the effects of the sensor numbers and cooling factors on the performance of the algorithm are also investigated. The results indicate that the proposed method outperforms conventional SA and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in the search for optimal sensor placement.

Vaporization Characteristics of Supercritical Hydrocarbon Fuel Droplet in Convective Nitrogen Environments (유동이 있는 초임계 질소 환경에서 탄화수소 연료 액적의 기화 특성)

  • Lim Jong-Hyuk;Lee Bong-Su;Koo Ja-Ye
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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    • v.28 no.10
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    • pp.1279-1287
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    • 2004
  • The vaporization characteristics of a liquid heptane droplet in a supercritical nitrogen flow are numerically studied. The transient conservation equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species are expressed in an axisymmetric coordinate system. The governing equations are solved time marching method with preconditioning scheme. The modified Soave-Redlich-Kwong equation of state is employed for taking account of real gas effects such as thermodynamic non-ideality and transport anomaly. Changing the convective velocity and ambient pressure, several parametric studies are conducted. The numerical results show that the two parameters, Reynolds number and dimensionless combined parameter(${\mu}$s/${\mu}$d)(equation omitted), have influence on supercritical droplet vaporization.

DESIGNING AN INTEGRATED STOCKING AND TIE-IN PROMOTION POLICY

  • Lee, Chang-Hwan
    • Management Science and Financial Engineering
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.1-26
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    • 2001
  • Assume a company sells two products (a and B) in a retail market. the company adopts a specific promotion mechanism, Tie-in Promotion, in which product A's promotional discount coupon is distributed whenever a consumer purchases product B. Product A will later e sold at a markdown price when consumers eventually take the opportunity to redeem the coupon. in the integrated tie-in promotion and stocking policy, we assume managers of two products coordinate by sharing information on the demand forecast and deciding the order quantities and tie-in promotion program to maximize joint profits. The optimal integrated tie-in policy is analyzed. The integrated tie-in promotion model is then compared with two other base models: (1) a decentralized Newsboy model in which no promotion is considered, and (2) an individual promotion model in which managers design a promotion program to promote one of the two products directly. The factors that make an integrated tie-in promotion a better approach are studied.

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Obstacle Avoidance Navigation Using Distance Profile Histogram (거리 형태 히스토그램을 이용한 이동로보트의 장애물 회피 주행)

  • 김현태;노흥식;조영완;박민용
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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    • v.33B no.12
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1996
  • A new local path planning algorithm using DPH (distance profile histogram) is suggested in this paper. The proposed method makes a grid type world map using distance values from multiple ultrasonic sensors and genrates local points through which the mobile robot can avoid obstcles safely. The DPH (distance profile historgram) represents geometrical arrangement of obstacles around the robot in the local polar coordinate system which is assumed to be atached to the robot. To control robot's navigation, a three-layered control structure is adopted. The proposed local path planning algorithm is placed on the top level. And a point-to-point translation controller takes the middle level. The bottom level consists of a velcoity servo and sonar driver modules which take charge of driving physical hardwares. The validity of the propsoed method is demonstated through several experiments.

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Quantitative analysis for evaluating the laser therapy effects of the skin pigmented lesions (피부 색소 질환의 치료 효과 판정을 위한 정량적 분석)

  • Kim, S.C.;Rah, D.K.;Kim, D.W.
    • Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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    • v.1998 no.11
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    • pp.309-310
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    • 1998
  • Visual observation and subjective assessments lack the objective evaluation of laser therapy effects of the epidermal pigmented lesions. In this study, we proposed the two methods; One is CIE(Commission International d'Eclairage) $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ coordinate system($L^*$ : brightness, $a^*$ : red(+) $\sim$green(-) content, $b^*$ : yellow(+) $\sim$blue(-) content), and the other is the relative color difference measurement. And we applied these two methods for quantitative evaluation of the laser therapy effects.

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An Analysis of the Vector and Inner Product Concepts in Geometry and Vector Curriculum ('기하와 벡터' 교육과정의 벡터와 내적 개념 분석)

  • Shin, BoMi
    • Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.841-862
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    • 2013
  • This study analyzed issues in the mathematics curriculum concerning the cognitive development of the vector and inner product concepts in the light of Tall's and Watson's research(Tall, 2004a; Tall, 2004b; Watson et al., 2003; Watson, 2002). Some suggestions in teaching the vector and inner product concepts were elaborated in the terms of these analyses. First, the position vector needs to be represented by an arrow on the coordinate system in order to introduce the component form of a vector represented by a directed line segment. Second, proofs of the vector operation law should be carried out by symbolic manipulations based on the algebraic concept of a vector in the symbolic world. Third, it is appropriate that the inner product is defined as $\vec{a}{\cdot}\vec{b}=a_1b_1+a_2b_2$ (when, $\vec{a}=(a_1,a_2)$, $\vec{b}=(b_1,b_2)$) when it comes to considering the meaning of the inner product relevant to vector space in the formal world. Cognitive growth of concepts of the vector and inner product can be properly induced through revising explanation methods about the concepts in the curriculum in the basis of the above suggestions.

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Calculation of 3-Dimensional Flow Through an Impeller of Centrifugal Compressor (원심압축기 회전차 내부의 3차원 유동해석)

  • ;;Kang, S. H.;Jeon, S. G.
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.19 no.10
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    • pp.2617-2629
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    • 1995
  • The flow through a centrifugal compressor rotor was calculated using the quasi-3-dimensional and fully 3-dimensional Navier-Stokes solution methods. The calculated results, obtained during the development of the computer codes for both methods are discussed. In the inviscid quasi 3-dimensional analysis, stream function formulation was used for the blade to blade (B-B) plane calculations, and the streamline curvature method was used for the meridional (H-S) plane calculations. In the viscous 3-dimensional flow analysis, a control volume method based on a general rotating curvilinear coordinate system was used to solve the time-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, and a standard k-.epsilon. model was used to obtain eddy viscosity. The quasi-3-dimensional analysis reasonably predicts the pressure distributions and requires much less computation time in the region where viscous effects are not strong; however, it fails to predict velocity field and loss mechanism through the impeller passage. The viscous 3-dimensional flow analysis shows reasonable pressure distributions and typical jet-wake flow field through the impeller passage. Secondary flow and total pressure distributions on cross-sectional planes explain the loss mechanisms through the impeller.